ObjectiveTo explore the changes in color， odor and chemical components during wine-processing of Chuanxiong Rhizoma（CR）， identify differential markers， and provide a basis for standardizing the process and establishing quality standards. MethodsFifteen batches of CR samples from 4 producing areas were collected. Colorimeter and electronic nose were used to detect the color changes and odor components of CR before and after wine-processing. Multivariate statistical methods including partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）， principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor analysis（DFA） and Fisher discriminant analysis were applied to identify wine-processed CR at different processing stages and establish discriminant models， and differential components were screened out based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value1. Then， high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was employed to detect the content changes of four components（ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide A and ligustilide） during the processing stages. ResultsThe differences of wine-processed CR at various stages were primarily reflected in color parameters L^*（brightness value）， a^*（red-green value） and b^*（yellow-blue value）. Based on chromaticity differences， the color reference ranges were established for moderately processed CR， including L^* of 46.75-48.24， a^* of 5.37-6.07 and b^* of 20.32-21.70. In odor analysis， DFA revealed significant differences among processing stages， and 11 odor markers were identified， with four differential markers（4-hydroxy-3-butylphthalide， isopropyl butyrate， L-limonene and 1-methoxyhexane） based on VIP values. HPLC results showed that there was no significant difference of the four components except for ligustilide in wine-processed CR at different stages. ConclusionThis study achieved rapid identification of wine-processed CR with different processing degrees by electronic sensory technology and differential component content detection， with discrimination accuracy rates of 92.4% and 93.272% for color and odor， respectively. This paper also established the reference ranges of main colorimetric parameters for wine-processed CR at different stages， and four differential components were screened out， providing a basis for standardizing the processing of wine-processed CR and establishing quality standards for this decoction pieces.

ObjectiveTo explore the changes in color， odor and chemical components during wine-processing of Chuanxiong Rhizoma（CR）， identify differential markers， and provide a basis for standardizing the process and establishing quality standards. MethodsFifteen batches of CR samples from 4 producing areas were collected. Colorimeter and electronic nose were used to detect the color changes and odor components of CR before and after wine-processing. Multivariate statistical methods including partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）， principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor analysis（DFA） and Fisher discriminant analysis were applied to identify wine-processed CR at different processing stages and establish discriminant models， and differential components were screened out based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value1. Then， high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was employed to detect the content changes of four components（ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide A and ligustilide） during the processing stages. ResultsThe differences of wine-processed CR at various stages were primarily reflected in color parameters L^*（brightness value）， a^*（red-green value） and b^*（yellow-blue value）. Based on chromaticity differences， the color reference ranges were established for moderately processed CR， including L^* of 46.75-48.24， a^* of 5.37-6.07 and b^* of 20.32-21.70. In odor analysis， DFA revealed significant differences among processing stages， and 11 odor markers were identified， with four differential markers（4-hydroxy-3-butylphthalide， isopropyl butyrate， L-limonene and 1-methoxyhexane） based on VIP values. HPLC results showed that there was no significant difference of the four components except for ligustilide in wine-processed CR at different stages. ConclusionThis study achieved rapid identification of wine-processed CR with different processing degrees by electronic sensory technology and differential component content detection， with discrimination accuracy rates of 92.4% and 93.272% for color and odor， respectively. This paper also established the reference ranges of main colorimetric parameters for wine-processed CR at different stages， and four differential components were screened out， providing a basis for standardizing the processing of wine-processed CR and establishing quality standards for this decoction pieces.

Background and aims:Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a common chronic condition that can lead to cancer due to its complex pathogenesis.Therapeutic agents targeting AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)activation have been suggested as potential treatments for metabolic disorders such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH).Rhizoma Atractylodis Mac-rocephalae(RAM)has been clinically used to treat obesity-related health problems,but its therapeutic effects on MAFLD and the underlying mechanism remain unclear.Therefore,this study was conducted to evaluate the function and underlying mechanism of RAM in the treatment of MAFLD.Methods:The effect of RAM decoction on MAFLD was evaluated using a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced MAFLD mouse model.In vitro studies were conducted using a palmitic acid/oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation model in the alpha mouse liver 12 cells and RAM-containing serum.The underlying mechanisms were elucidated through a combination of network pharmacology analysis,immunohis-tochemistry,western blotting,and polymerase chain reaction analysis.Results:Administration of RAM decoction significantly reduced body weight gain in MAFLD mice without changing food intake.The weights of the liver and inguinal adipose tissues were also reduced after RAM treatment.Additionally,RAM administration decreased serum levels of alanine aminotrans-ferase,aspartate transaminase,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and glucose,while reducing lipid droplet accumulation in the liver tissues of MAFLD mice.The underlying mechanisms included the activation of the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC),and inhibition of the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(SREBP1).However,RAM did not alter the protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α.Furthermore,the RAM-induced upregulation of phosphorylated AMPK,phos-phorylated ACC,and SREBP1 expression,as well as the downregulation of fatty acid synthase expression,were reversed by using an AMPK inhibitor.Conclusions:Through a combination of network pharmacology and experimental validation,we demonstrated that RAM may exert therapeutic effects on MAFLD by inhibiting lipid synthesis and activating phosphorylated AMPK pathways.

Objective To screen antidepressant-active compounds from Polygonati Rhizoma and explore their effects and possible mechanisms against depression induced by simulated weightlessness.Methods A systems pharmacology approach was used to screen potential antidepressant-active compounds and their targets from Polygonati Rhizoma.The hindlimb unloading(HLU)rat model was employed for the study.Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group(administered 0.5%carboxymethylcellulose by gavage),HLU group(hindlimb unloading),and HLU+treatment group(hindlimb unloading+active compound gavage),with 8 rats in each group.After 28 days of hindlimb unloading,depressive-like behaviors in rats were evaluated using the forced swimming test and tail suspension test.Hippocampal morphology was examined with H&E staining,and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted on the targets of active compounds.Results A total of 38 active compounds were screened from Polygonati Rhizoma,among which apigenin had an oral bioavailability of 23.06%and a drug-likeness score of 0.21.Compound-target network analysis indicated that apigenin had the highest degree and betweenness centrality values,suggesting it might be the key active component with antidepressant potential in Polygonati Rhizoma.In the forced swimming and tail suspension tests,rats in the HLU group showed a significant increase in immobility time compared to the control group,indicating successful establishment of the depression model.However,compared to the HLU group,rats in the HLU plus apigenin group exhibited significantly reduced immobility time.The H&E staining results of hippocampal tissue showed a significant reduction in the number of hippocampal neurons,along with numerous shrunken neurons and small vacuoles in nerve fibers in the HLU group.In contrast,the treatment group exhibited an increased number of hippocampal neurons,with improved cellular morphology.Target enrichment analysis indicated that apigenin targets were mainly involved in the regulation of apoptosis and cancer-related signaling pathways.Conclusion Apigenin significantly improved depressive-like behaviors in rats subjected to hindlimb unloading,and it has a protective effect on hippocampal tissue.It may provide a new natural active compound for the treatment of depression caused by spaceflight-induced weightlessness.

[Objective] To compare next generation sequencing (NGS) library construction technology between probe hybridization capture and amplicon methods, and analyze the influencing factors of HLA genotyping resolution level and its prospects in clinical applications. [Methods] A total of 207 clinical samples with known typing results and samples from the proficiency testing plan were selected. The conformity rate of HLA genotyping results, allele coverage and typing data analysis indicators were confirmed, and the effects of two library construction methods on the level of HLA genotyping discrimination were compared. [Results] The concordance rate of 207 samples with the feedback results of PT or prior well-characterized HLA genotypes was 100%. Among them, 91 samples were captured using hybridization probe capture method. Compared with the original amplicon method, the hybridization probe capture method can distinguish the alleles of DRB1 and DPB1 that cannot be determined in 13 samples. The allelic imbalance of DRB1, DPA1, and DQB1 loci in 6 samples was resolved. Three samples were found to have missed detection of alleles at the DQA1 and DQB1 loci. [Conclusion] The performance indicators of hybridization probe capture and amplicon performance confirmation meet the requirements of clinical detection of HLA genotyping, which provides an experimental method and basis for clinical application.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of depression,anxiety,and stress symptoms among Chinese men who have sex with men(MSM),to determine the links of psychological resilience with these symptoms at the symptom level,and to provide insights for tailoring mental health intervention measures for MSM.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in southwestern China(Chongqing and Sichuan)from May to August 2022.The Depression,Anxiety,and Stress Scale-21 was used to assess mental health-related symptoms in MSM.Psychological resilience was evaluated using the brief version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.A regularized partial correlation network was constructed,and then a Bayesian network was established to identify potential causal rela-tionships in symptoms.A flow network was used to explore the link between psychological resilience and symptoms of anxiety,depres-sion,and stress.Results:A total of 938 MSM were included in the analysis.The proportion of MSM with depression,anxiety,and stress was 29.74%."Panic","scared","no relax",and"down-hearted"showed high expected influence.Bridging symptoms were"panic","down-hearted",and"agitated".Central and bridging symptoms also appeared at the top of the Bayesian network.Psychological resil-ience was negatively correlated with"no initiative","down-hearted","meaningless","panic",and"no relax".Conclusion:Central symptoms"panic","scared","no relax",and"down-hearted",as well as bridging symptoms"panic","down-hearted",and"agi-tated"are identified through network analysis.The potential causal priority of these symptoms is prominent.Interventions tailored to central and bridging symptoms may be effective,and interventions for enhancing psychological resilience may alleviate negative emotion-related symptoms,especially depressive symptoms in the MSM population.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of Huqizhengxiao decoction (HQZXD) on subcutaneous tumor in H22 hepatoma-bearing mice and its potential mechanism.Methods:Twenty-five healthy male BALB/c inbred mice aged 4 to 6 weeks and weighing (20±2) g were taken. One of them was used for the amplification of H22 hepatoma cells. The amplified H22 hepatoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously at the left posterior axillary line of the remaining mice for modeling. After subcutaneous tumor formation, the mice were randomly divided into four groups: model group, HQZXD group, sorafenib group and combined (HQZXD+ sorafenib) group, with 6 mice in each group. Tumor inhibition rates, and serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were observed. The expression of interleukin (IL)-6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in tumor tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify the levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β in tumor tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to assess the mRNA levels of IL-6, STAT3, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) in tumor tissues.Results:The general condition of mice in all treatment groups improved compared to the model group. Notably, the tumor weight (0.50±0.22) g and tumor volume (0.37±0.18) cm 3 in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the model group [tumor weight: (1.63±0.26) g, tumor volume: (0.98±0.83) cm 3] with statistical significance (both P<0.05). The tumor inhibition rates for the sorafenib, HQZXD, and combination groups were 35.4%, 48.6%, and 69.7%, respectively. Compared to the model group, serum levels of AST and ALT were reduced in all treatment groups, with the combined group showing the most significant decrease [AST: (48.81±2.82) U/L vs. (188.12±6.51) U/L; ALT: (34.14±1.25) U/L vs. (116.62±4.72) U/L], and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). The protein expression levels of IL-6, STAT3, p-STAT3, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NLRP3 in tumor tissues were reduced in all treatment groups compared to the model group, with the combined group showing the most marked reduction, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Similarly, the mRNA levels of IL-6, STAT3, and CXCL1 in tumor tissues were lower in all treatment groups compared to the model group, with the combined group showing lower levels than the single treatment groups, and these differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion:HQZXD can inhibit the activation of IL-6/STAT3 pathway, reduce inflammation in tumors, and consequently play a certain inhibitory effect on tumor.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia activated CCAAT enhancer binding protein β(C/EBPβ)promoting the expression of thyroid hormone nuclear receptor α1(THα1)on diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods Twenty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into diabetes mellitus(DM,n=10)group and DCM(n=10)group.Cardiomyocyte were divided into four groups:DM-cell,glucose intervention(Glu),knockdown C/EBPβ group(cardiomyocyte were transfected with plasmids targeting knockdown C/EBPβ)and si-NC group(cardiomyocyte were transfected with nagetive control sequence of plasmids).HE and Masson staining was performed to detect myocardial injury and collagen deposition.Echocardiography was used to evaluate left ventricular function.The mRNA and protein expression of C/EBP β and THα1 was detected using RT-qPCR,Western blot and immunofluorescence staining in myocardial cells.Apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometric.Contraction frequency was counted by microscopy.Results Compared to DM group,count of fibroblasts,collagen volume fraction,end-systolic dimension of left ventricular,and the mRNA and protein expression of C/EBPβ and THα1 as well as fluorescence intensity increased(P<0.05);left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS)decreased in DCM group(P<0.05).The mRNA and protein expression of C/EBPβ and THα1 were higher in the Glu group than in DM-cell group(P<0.05).The percentage of apoptosis,the mRNA and protein expression of THα1 of myocardial cells were lower in the si-C/EBPβ group than in the si-NC group(P<0.05),and LVFS was higher in the si-NC group(P<0.05).Conclusions High glucose regulates C/EBPβ expression,which in turn drives THα1 expression in myocardial tissue,leading to adverse effects on myocardial tissue.Conversely,silencing C/EBPβ downregulates THα1 expression,and exerts a protective effect on cardiomyocytes.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia activated CCAAT enhancer binding protein β(C/EBPβ)promoting the expression of thyroid hormone nuclear receptor α1(THα1)on diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods Twenty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into diabetes mellitus(DM,n=10)group and DCM(n=10)group.Cardiomyocyte were divided into four groups:DM-cell,glucose intervention(Glu),knockdown C/EBPβ group(cardiomyocyte were transfected with plasmids targeting knockdown C/EBPβ)and si-NC group(cardiomyocyte were transfected with nagetive control sequence of plasmids).HE and Masson staining was performed to detect myocardial injury and collagen deposition.Echocardiography was used to evaluate left ventricular function.The mRNA and protein expression of C/EBP β and THα1 was detected using RT-qPCR,Western blot and immunofluorescence staining in myocardial cells.Apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometric.Contraction frequency was counted by microscopy.Results Compared to DM group,count of fibroblasts,collagen volume fraction,end-systolic dimension of left ventricular,and the mRNA and protein expression of C/EBPβ and THα1 as well as fluorescence intensity increased(P<0.05);left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS)decreased in DCM group(P<0.05).The mRNA and protein expression of C/EBPβ and THα1 were higher in the Glu group than in DM-cell group(P<0.05).The percentage of apoptosis,the mRNA and protein expression of THα1 of myocardial cells were lower in the si-C/EBPβ group than in the si-NC group(P<0.05),and LVFS was higher in the si-NC group(P<0.05).Conclusions High glucose regulates C/EBPβ expression,which in turn drives THα1 expression in myocardial tissue,leading to adverse effects on myocardial tissue.Conversely,silencing C/EBPβ downregulates THα1 expression,and exerts a protective effect on cardiomyocytes.

Objective To investigate the impact of hepatopancreatic ampulla features on difficult biliary cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 800 patients who underwent ERCP from June 2023 to April 2024.Hepatopancreatic ampullary features were categorized endoscopically into four types:1)Non-protruding(n=544);2)Protruding(n=120);3)Diverticula or mucosal folds(n=96);4)Tortuosity or tumor involvement(n=40).Standard biliary cannulation was initiated in all cases,with failure defined as difficult cannulation.Advanced cannulation techniques were employed for all difficult cannulation cases[double-guidewire technique(DGT)or precutsphincterotomy(PST)].Success rates and procedural complications were recorded.Results Standard biliary cannulation outcomes,success rates 79.96％(435/544)in non-protruding vs.69.17％(83/120)in protruding,72.92％(70/96)in diverticula or mucosal folds,and 65.00％(26/40)in tortuosity or tumor groups(x2=10.90,P=0.012);Difficult cannulation rates 18.01％(98/544)in non-protruding vs.27.50％(33/120)in protruding,27.08％(26/96)in diverticula or mucosal folds,and 30.00％(12/40)in tortuosity or tumor groups(x2=10.41,P=0.015).In the subgroups,the rates of DGT intubation in the four groups were 11.95％(65/544),15.83％(19/120),12.50％(12/96),and 20.00％(8/40),respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate of DGT intubation between the groups(x2=6.96,P=0.073).In the subgroups,the PST intubation rates were 6.07％(33/544),11.67％(14/120),14.58％(14/96),and 10.00％(4/40),respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate of PST intubation between the groups(x2=5.54,P=0.136).Advanced cannulation techniques were used in 169 patients,DGT success rates of 94.23％(98/104)vs.PST at 89.23％(58/65)(x2=19.50,P=0.021);PEP incidence 18.34％(31/169)in difficult cannulation vs.2.61％(16/614)in standard group(x2=58.64,P=0.000);No significant difference in PEP between DGT(21.25％)and PST(13.85％)groups(x2=1.17,P=0.279).Conclusion Hepatopancreatic ampulla features influences biliary cannulation success.Non-protruding ampullae demonstrate optimal outcomes with standard techniques.Notably,DGT and PST are associated with elevated PEP risks in difficult cannulation.