Objective:To observe the clinical effect of comprehensive reconstruction of grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ thumb and finger defects with hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flaps of great toe.Methods:This is a retrospective study. From June 2020 to December 2023, comprehensive reconstruction surgery for Grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ digital defect were performed with hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flaps of great toe for 3 thumbs and 7 fingers in 9 patients in the Department of Hand and Microsurgery of Baoji Third Hospital. Causes of digital injury were: 4 of machine crush, 3 of electric saw cut, 1 of door crush, and 1 of electrical burn. There were 6 grade I digital defects (beyond the nail root) and 4 grade Ⅱ defects (last segment of digit). The defects of the digits were reconstructed by taking references of the shape and structure of the contralateral normal thumbs and fingers. Then the hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flaps of great toe were designed and harvested accordingly from the left and right great toes. Donor sites were covered by skin grafting or local dressing change. One patient was treated in emergency surgery, 6 in sub-emergency surgery and 2 in elective surgery. Integrated perioperative patient management was provided to all of the patients. Postoperative follow-ups were conducted through the visit of outpatient clinic, telephone calls or WeChat interviews. Flap survival, appearance and sensation recovery were evaluated according to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association.Results:Vascular insufficiency of 1 digit occurred in surgery, and relieved by local treatment with lidocaine and warm saline. All 10 digits successfully survived, and all donor sites healed spontaneously. The postoperative follow-up period was 10 to 30 months, with an average of 18 months. One transferred nail was found in poor appearance (not flat), the rest of the reconstructed digits were good in appearance and function. The nail, finger print and fine sensation (TPD 5~8 mm), as well as digital flexion, extension, grasping and opposition of the reconstructed digits were all good. According to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association, at the last follow-up visit, 5 digits were in excellent, 4 in good and 1 in fair.Conclusion:The comprehensive reconstruction of grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ digital defects with hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flap of great toe is an ideal surgical technique that can reconstruct the nail, finger print and sensation of a digit, with good postoperative function as well as an aesthetic and realistic appearance.

[Objective] To compare next generation sequencing (NGS) library construction technology between probe hybridization capture and amplicon methods, and analyze the influencing factors of HLA genotyping resolution level and its prospects in clinical applications. [Methods] A total of 207 clinical samples with known typing results and samples from the proficiency testing plan were selected. The conformity rate of HLA genotyping results, allele coverage and typing data analysis indicators were confirmed, and the effects of two library construction methods on the level of HLA genotyping discrimination were compared. [Results] The concordance rate of 207 samples with the feedback results of PT or prior well-characterized HLA genotypes was 100%. Among them, 91 samples were captured using hybridization probe capture method. Compared with the original amplicon method, the hybridization probe capture method can distinguish the alleles of DRB1 and DPB1 that cannot be determined in 13 samples. The allelic imbalance of DRB1, DPA1, and DQB1 loci in 6 samples was resolved. Three samples were found to have missed detection of alleles at the DQA1 and DQB1 loci. [Conclusion] The performance indicators of hybridization probe capture and amplicon performance confirmation meet the requirements of clinical detection of HLA genotyping, which provides an experimental method and basis for clinical application.

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Currently, the available treatment methods cannot fully control its recurrence and mortality rate. Establishing appropriate animal models for liver cancer is crucial for developing new treatment technologies and strategies. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model preserves the tumor's microenvironment and heterogeneity, which makes it advantageous for biological research, drug evaluation, personalized medicine, and other purposes. This article reviews the development, preparation techniques, application fields, and challenges of PDX models in liver cancer, providing insights for the research and exploration of PDX models in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of liver cancer.
Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Humans ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays/methods* ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal

Objective:To establish a tumor tissue xenograft (PDX) model derived from liver cancer patients and explore the factors affecting tumorigenicity of liver cancer in the PDX model.Methods:The hepatocellular carcinoma tissues were inoculated subcutaneously in the axilla of NPG mice using the tissue block method to establish a PDX model. The demographic characteristics and related clinical examination data of 60 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were collected using the electronic medical record system and comprehensive medical information system of Beijing You'an Hospital, affiliated to Capital Medical University. The hepatocellular carcinoma samples of 24 cases were sequenced using the Oak Wing TM-808 gene detection reagent and high-throughput sequencing technology. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis, and the count data were analyzed using the χ2 test. Results:The tumorigenicity rate of PDX samples from 60 patients with liver cancer was 35% (21/60). The average tumorigenic duration in the PDX-P0 generation was 110.71±50.45 days. There were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) corresponding to Edmondson grade ( χ2=5.910, P=0.015) and Ki67 expression ( χ2=4.615, P=0.032) among PDX with tumorigenicity and without tumorigenicity between the liver cancer samples. There was no statistically significant difference in gene mutation (TOP25) among PDX with tumorigenicity and without tumorigenicity between liver cancer samples. Conclusion:The factors affecting the tumorigenicity of liver cancer in PDX models are complex. The high pathological grade and strong Ki67 expression may be the key factors for the completion of liver cancer in PDX models.

AIM:To investigate the effects of microRNA-200a(miR-200a)on the formation of primary cilia and the apoptosis in X-ray-injured cardiac fibroblasts.METHODS:Hearts were isolated from neonatal Wistar rats and di-gested with trypsin.Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated,irradiated with 1 Gy of X-ray,and subsequently transfected with miR-200a-3p mimic or si-IFT88.Primary cilia were detected by immunofluorescence staining,and tranfoming growth fac-tor-β1(TGF-β1)in the culture medium was detected by ELISA.The viability of cardiac fibroblasts was detected by CCK-8.The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and caspase-3 was detected by RT-qPCR,and the protein expression of TNF-α,caspase-3,collagen type I α1 chain(Col1α1)and TGF-β1 was detected by Western blot.RE-SULTS:Compared with control group,X-ray irradiation significantly decreased the expression of miR-200a-3p and the level of apoptosis,but increased the proportion of cells with primary cilia,the length of primary cilia and the viability of cardiac fibroblasts.Compared with X-ray group,the percentage of apoptotic cardiac fibroblasts in si-IFT88 group was in-creased.Compared with X-ray group,the proportion of cells with primary cilia and the TGF-β1 content in cardiac fibro-blasts were reduced,and the proportion of apoptotic cells increased in miR-200a-3p overexpression group.CONCLU-SION:X-ray-induced down-regulation of miR-200a-3p in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts drives the formation of primary cilia and suppresses the apoptosis.

AIM:To investigate the effects of microRNA-200a(miR-200a)on the formation of primary cilia and the apoptosis in X-ray-injured cardiac fibroblasts.METHODS:Hearts were isolated from neonatal Wistar rats and di-gested with trypsin.Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated,irradiated with 1 Gy of X-ray,and subsequently transfected with miR-200a-3p mimic or si-IFT88.Primary cilia were detected by immunofluorescence staining,and tranfoming growth fac-tor-β1(TGF-β1)in the culture medium was detected by ELISA.The viability of cardiac fibroblasts was detected by CCK-8.The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and caspase-3 was detected by RT-qPCR,and the protein expression of TNF-α,caspase-3,collagen type I α1 chain(Col1α1)and TGF-β1 was detected by Western blot.RE-SULTS:Compared with control group,X-ray irradiation significantly decreased the expression of miR-200a-3p and the level of apoptosis,but increased the proportion of cells with primary cilia,the length of primary cilia and the viability of cardiac fibroblasts.Compared with X-ray group,the percentage of apoptotic cardiac fibroblasts in si-IFT88 group was in-creased.Compared with X-ray group,the proportion of cells with primary cilia and the TGF-β1 content in cardiac fibro-blasts were reduced,and the proportion of apoptotic cells increased in miR-200a-3p overexpression group.CONCLU-SION:X-ray-induced down-regulation of miR-200a-3p in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts drives the formation of primary cilia and suppresses the apoptosis.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of comprehensive reconstruction of grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ thumb and finger defects with hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flaps of great toe.Methods:This is a retrospective study. From June 2020 to December 2023, comprehensive reconstruction surgery for Grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ digital defect were performed with hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flaps of great toe for 3 thumbs and 7 fingers in 9 patients in the Department of Hand and Microsurgery of Baoji Third Hospital. Causes of digital injury were: 4 of machine crush, 3 of electric saw cut, 1 of door crush, and 1 of electrical burn. There were 6 grade I digital defects (beyond the nail root) and 4 grade Ⅱ defects (last segment of digit). The defects of the digits were reconstructed by taking references of the shape and structure of the contralateral normal thumbs and fingers. Then the hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flaps of great toe were designed and harvested accordingly from the left and right great toes. Donor sites were covered by skin grafting or local dressing change. One patient was treated in emergency surgery, 6 in sub-emergency surgery and 2 in elective surgery. Integrated perioperative patient management was provided to all of the patients. Postoperative follow-ups were conducted through the visit of outpatient clinic, telephone calls or WeChat interviews. Flap survival, appearance and sensation recovery were evaluated according to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association.Results:Vascular insufficiency of 1 digit occurred in surgery, and relieved by local treatment with lidocaine and warm saline. All 10 digits successfully survived, and all donor sites healed spontaneously. The postoperative follow-up period was 10 to 30 months, with an average of 18 months. One transferred nail was found in poor appearance (not flat), the rest of the reconstructed digits were good in appearance and function. The nail, finger print and fine sensation (TPD 5~8 mm), as well as digital flexion, extension, grasping and opposition of the reconstructed digits were all good. According to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association, at the last follow-up visit, 5 digits were in excellent, 4 in good and 1 in fair.Conclusion:The comprehensive reconstruction of grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ digital defects with hallux osteo-onychocutaneous flap of great toe is an ideal surgical technique that can reconstruct the nail, finger print and sensation of a digit, with good postoperative function as well as an aesthetic and realistic appearance.

Objective:To establish a tumor tissue xenograft (PDX) model derived from liver cancer patients and explore the factors affecting tumorigenicity of liver cancer in the PDX model.Methods:The hepatocellular carcinoma tissues were inoculated subcutaneously in the axilla of NPG mice using the tissue block method to establish a PDX model. The demographic characteristics and related clinical examination data of 60 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were collected using the electronic medical record system and comprehensive medical information system of Beijing You'an Hospital, affiliated to Capital Medical University. The hepatocellular carcinoma samples of 24 cases were sequenced using the Oak Wing TM-808 gene detection reagent and high-throughput sequencing technology. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis, and the count data were analyzed using the χ2 test. Results:The tumorigenicity rate of PDX samples from 60 patients with liver cancer was 35% (21/60). The average tumorigenic duration in the PDX-P0 generation was 110.71±50.45 days. There were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) corresponding to Edmondson grade ( χ2=5.910, P=0.015) and Ki67 expression ( χ2=4.615, P=0.032) among PDX with tumorigenicity and without tumorigenicity between the liver cancer samples. There was no statistically significant difference in gene mutation (TOP25) among PDX with tumorigenicity and without tumorigenicity between liver cancer samples. Conclusion:The factors affecting the tumorigenicity of liver cancer in PDX models are complex. The high pathological grade and strong Ki67 expression may be the key factors for the completion of liver cancer in PDX models.

Objective To analyze the correlation between Peroxiredoxin 1(PRX1)and Calcium channelα2δ1 subunit(CACNA2D1)expression and the efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods The cancer tissues in totally 112 NSCLC patients who re-ceived intensity-modulated radiotherapy in Shaanxi Cancer Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the NSCLC group,and according to the efficacy of radiotherapy,112 NSCLC patients were divided into an effective group(74 cases)and an ineffective group(38 cases).Normal lung tissues adjacent to cancer in 60 NSCLC patients undergoing surgical treatment were selected as the control group.Immunohistochemis-try and Western blot were used to detect the expression of PRX1 and CACNA2D1 in tissues.Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between PRX1 and CACNA2D1 expression.Multi-variate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of efficacy of intensity-modulated radio-therapy in NSCLC patients.Results The positive rates of PRX1 and CACNA2D1 in NSCLC group were high-er than those in control group(x2=46.615,46.456,P＜0.05).The relative grayscale values of PRX1 and CACNA2D1 in NSCLC group were higher than those in control group(t=9.357,9.509,P＜0.05).The ex-pression of PRX1 and CACNA2D1 in NSCLC cancer tissues was positively correlated(r=0.724,P＜0.001).The positivity rates of PRX1 and CACNA2D1 in cancer tissues of patients with TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,low differ-entiation,and lymph node metastasis were higher than those of patients with TNM stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ,medium and high differentiation,and no lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).The proportion of patients with TNM stageⅢ-Ⅳ,the proportion of patients with lymph node metastasis,positivity rate of PRX1 and positivity rate of CACNA2D1 in the ineffective group were higher than those in the effective group(P＜0.05).TNM staging stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ,lymph node metastasis,PRX1 positive,and CACNA2D1 positive were risk factors affecting the efficacy of intensity modulated radiotherapy in NSCLC patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The positivity rates of PRX1 and CACNA2D1 in NSCLC patients are increased,which is related to TNM staging,differentiation de-gree and lymph node metastasis,and they are risk factors affecting the efficacy of intensity-modulated radio-therapy in NSCLC patients.

Central medial thalamic nucleus (CM) is a nucleus located in the medullary plate of the midline thalamus. It belongs to the midline nucleus group of the thalamus and serves as a non-specific projection system. CM has extensive anatomical connections with other brain areas and acts as a relay and integration center for brain functions. Recent research has demonstrated that CM is involved in various behaviors such as general anesthesia and arousal, pain, itch, emotions, and cognition. This paper reviews the anatomical structure, morphology, fiber connection, electrophysiological characteristics, and other related functions of CM to provide references for future research.