Objective To review the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation(tVNS)in targeted interventions for executive function among adults.Methods A systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and Wanfang data was conducted for original studies investigating tVNS intervention targeting executive function in adults,with publication during from inception to December,2024.Data extraction and scoping review were performed,with literature quality assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)scale.Results A total of 14 researches were included,from China,Germany,United States,Netherlands and Finland,involving 598 participants.The subjects were mainly healthy adults and also covered patient groups with refractory epilep-sy,post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep deprivation.The outcomes included three core components of execu-tive function:inhibitory control(response inhibition and interference control),working memory and cognitive flexibility.The parameter settings of tVNS varied depending on the researches;the stimulation target was mainly the cymba conchae;the stimulation intensity was mostly 0.5 to 2.4 mA;the stimulation frequency was mainly 25 Hz;the on/off period was mostly 30 s on/30 s off;the pulse width was 200 μs to 500 ms;and the intervention period was mainly a single acute stimulation of 30 to 75 minutes.Behavioral results indicated that tVNS was ef-fective on the response inhibition and working memory,but the effects on the interference control and cognitive flexibility were divergent.Mechanism-level evidence further supported that tVNS improved response inhibition and working memory by modulating frontal neural oscillations and enhancing frontal functional connectivity.In terms of safety,four researches reported transient adverse reactions,and no serious adverse events or participant withdrawals happened.Conclusion tVNS demonstrates safe and effective improvement of some core subcomponents of executive function in adults,with overall benefits influenced by neural circuit specificity and stimulation parameters.

Objective To review the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation(tVNS)in targeted interventions for executive function among adults.Methods A systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and Wanfang data was conducted for original studies investigating tVNS intervention targeting executive function in adults,with publication during from inception to December,2024.Data extraction and scoping review were performed,with literature quality assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)scale.Results A total of 14 researches were included,from China,Germany,United States,Netherlands and Finland,involving 598 participants.The subjects were mainly healthy adults and also covered patient groups with refractory epilep-sy,post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep deprivation.The outcomes included three core components of execu-tive function:inhibitory control(response inhibition and interference control),working memory and cognitive flexibility.The parameter settings of tVNS varied depending on the researches;the stimulation target was mainly the cymba conchae;the stimulation intensity was mostly 0.5 to 2.4 mA;the stimulation frequency was mainly 25 Hz;the on/off period was mostly 30 s on/30 s off;the pulse width was 200 μs to 500 ms;and the intervention period was mainly a single acute stimulation of 30 to 75 minutes.Behavioral results indicated that tVNS was ef-fective on the response inhibition and working memory,but the effects on the interference control and cognitive flexibility were divergent.Mechanism-level evidence further supported that tVNS improved response inhibition and working memory by modulating frontal neural oscillations and enhancing frontal functional connectivity.In terms of safety,four researches reported transient adverse reactions,and no serious adverse events or participant withdrawals happened.Conclusion tVNS demonstrates safe and effective improvement of some core subcomponents of executive function in adults,with overall benefits influenced by neural circuit specificity and stimulation parameters.

Macrophage-mediated inflammation plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. However, current cell-based models lack a comprehensive understanding of crosstalk between macrophages and cardiomyocytes, hindering the discovery of effective therapeutic interventions. Here, a microfluidic model has been developed to facilitate the coculture of macrophages and cardiomyocytes, allowing for mapping key signaling pathways and screening potential therapeutic agents against inflammation-induced dynamic myocardial injury. Through metabolic profiling and bioinformatic enrichment analysis, the microchip model with dynamic cell-cell crosstalk reveals robust activation of inflammatory and oxidative stress-associated metabolic pathways, closely resembling metabolic profiles of myocardial infarction in both humans and rodents. Furthermore, an integrative screening strategy has been established to screen bioactive natural products precisely, identifying ginsenoside Rb₁ and protocatechualdehyde as promising cardioprotective candidates in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the microfluidic coculture model advances mechanistic insight into macrophage-mediated cardio-immunology and may accelerate the discovery of therapeutics for myocardial injury.

Objective:To explore and analyze the online Q&A texts for hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) users in online health communities, and to provide references for health information services for HIP patients.Methods:A total of 108 590 Q&A texts were collected from "Diabetes Forum" and "Mom Forum". Social network analysis was used to construct the co-occurrence network of feature words in text content and carry out visual analysis and display. On the basis of identifying content themes, the relationship between themes and the nodes within themes were further analyzed, and the attributes of content themes were differentiated with Wilson's information behavior model.Results:In this study, a question and answer text feature word network for pregnant hyperglycemia users with 321 nodes was constructed, among which the largest sub-net included 177 nodes. A total of 12 content themes were identified to seek motivation around two major categories of information, including blood sugar control and coping with disease stress. Among them, the themes with physiological, cognitive, and emotional attributes were 4, 7 and 6, respectively. The number of feature words contained in drug treatment, diet and nutrition was the most prominent, and there were feature words with high degree of centrality in each theme.Conclusions:The content that hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) users pay attention to has multiple attributes and dimensions. Clinical and community healthcare workers and other health information providers can continuously improve the information service content for HIP patients to meet their health information needs.

Objective:To explore the information needs of pregnant and lying-in women in the maternal-infant forums, so as to provide theoretical basis and information support for the development of maternal health education.Methods:From July 1 to 31, 2020, the question texts in the three major sections of pregnancy preparation, pregnancy, and lactation in the "Mama.com" Q&A column were used for data cleaning and word segmentation, and the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model was used to mine topic features.Results:The analysis of the subject characteristics of the question records of "Mama.com" showed that the LDA model divided 32 466 question records into 3 stages and a total of 10 subjects, namely the pregnancy preparation (pre-pregnancy health knowledge needs, emotional characteristics during pregnancy preparation, second child preparation, assistance reproduction) , pregnancy (first trimester, second trimester, third trimester, childbirth) , lactation (feeding knowledge needs, baby care needs) .Conclusions:The research results based on the LDA model can reflect the information needs of pregnant and lying-in women in online maternal-infant forums, and provide information guidance and emotional support for maternal knowledge and special emotional needs of pregnant and lying-in women in different periods.

Objective To establish and validate the ascites volume forecast model of ascites puncture drainage operation with ultrasound measuring for 6 positions in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS),including front of the uterus,Douglas pouch,right iliac fossa,left iliac fossa,hepatorenal recess and spleen kidney fossa.Methods Fifty patients received ultrasonographic measurement (measurement group) and then underwent ascites puncture drainage operation within 6 h.Three scatter diagrams of actual ascites volume (Y;ml) and key position ascites depth summation (X;mm),height correlation coefficient and surface area correlation coefficient were drawn.The simple and practical regression equation with better correlation was used to be the one verified.Then 100 subsequently HSS patients were enrolled in verrification group.Forecast ascites volume calculated with above-mentioned regression equation and actual ascites volume was analyzed with Bland-Altm an method and paired t test.Results Regression equation obtained with the scatter diagram was Y=-256.554 + 10.452X (R2 =0.577),which could be simplified as Y=10.5X-250.0.The limit of consistency between forecast ascites volume and actual ascites volume was (-1 314.02,1 560.48) ml,and the bias was 123.23 ml.The difference between forecast ascites volume and actual ascites volume was not statistically significant (t=-1.684,P=0.096).Conclusion The simplified equation is Y=10.5X-250.0 to forecast ascites volume caused by OHSS,therefore guiding clinical work.

Obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA) is a common disorder in upper respiratory tract, and high prevalent in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ( DM-2 ) . OSA can lead to the development of glucose metabolism disorder and accelerate diabetic complications especially the microvascular. Screening for OSAS and selecting appropriate treatment is very important to optimize the efficacy and improve prognosis in patients with DM-2 and ordinary people. More effective strategy should target both controlling blood sugar and improving ventilation in OSA patients with DM-2. Current therapeutic regimens include: therapy of continuous positive airway pressure, controlling blood sugar with insulin, building good sleep habits, weight loss, and orthognathic surgery.

Recently,the incidence trend of childhood asthma presented climbing.Because of the long course of disease,recurrent attacks and no cure,asthma brought negative impacts on psychology and physiology in asthma children,and certain burden in caregivers and their family.This article will summarize the research status of national and international literatures and its nursing countermeasures,so as to provide theory for further research and nursing practice.

Objective Three-dimensional(3D) automated ultrasonic volume measurement is becoming favorable in clinical application and turns to be an important direction .The article was to evaluate the consistency of two-dimensional (2D) and three-di-mensional ultrasonography in the diameter measurement of single follicle . Methods 438 single folliculars were respectively meas-ured by the same sonographer in 2D and 3D ultrasonic measurement.2D diameter, 3D mean diameter and 3D virtual ball diameter of every single follicle were recorded , and Bland-Altman method were used to evaluate the consistency of the results by these two meth-ods. Results In the consistency analysis on the diameter measurement of single follicle by 2D and 3D mean diameter measurment methods, d equaled -1.06 mm, and 95% LoA range covered the range of -4.82 mm to 2.70 mm.95% CI of 95% LoA range,-5.21 mm to 3.08 mm, was beyond the settings of clinical acceptable error limit range , -3.56 mm to 1.44 mm, showing poor consis-tency.Likewise, in the research of the consistency in the measurement of 2D diameter and 3D virtual ball diameter in the diameter measurement of single follicle , d equaled -0.07 mm , and 95%LoA range covered the range of -3.11 mm to 2.98 mm.95%CI of 95%LoA range, -3.43 mm to 3.29 mm, was beyond the settings of clinical acceptable error limit range , -2.57 mm to 2.43 mm, showing poor consistency . Conclusion 2D and 3D ultrasound measurements in the diameter measurement of single follicle are not consistent.However, considering the objectivity and accuracy of the results , 3D ultrasonography still has an advantage over 2D ultra-sonography , which can provide more acurate aid for assisted reproductive technology .

Objective To research the consistency of testing results with three different antimajor histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ-related chain A(MICA) specific antibody reagents in order to evaluate their clinical application's value.Method An collaborative study of 18 laboratories was undertaken at the 16th International HLA and Irnmunogenetics Workshop.Total of 16 sera(4 batchs)were tested for anti-MICA antibodies by Luminex method with three different reagents (Kit-A,-B and -C).Result Anti-MICA antibodies were found in 15 sera,except one sera(no.S04) ; No.S10 sera showed positive results in all the laboratories.The anti-MICA antibodies were divided into MICA-G1 group (MICA01,02,07,12,17 and 18) and MICA-G2 group (MICA 04,06,08/27,09 and 19).MICA-G1 group specific antibodies were detected in 5 sera with Kit-A and-B reagent; but there were false-positive results of anti-MICA08/27 and MICA19 antibodies in this 5 sera with Kit-C.MICA-G2group specific antibodies can be detected in other 5 sera with Kit-A and-B,But the MICA specific antibodies testing gave different results with Kit-A,-B and-C in all the last 5 sera samples.Testing of MICA08/27 showed highest consistency results (86.67％,13/15) with Kit-A,-B and-C; and testing of MICA19 showed lowest consistency results (40％,6/15) with this 3 reagents.There were 80％ consistency results of anti-MICA specific antibodies in 13 sera with Kit-B.Conclusion There are the same effect to judgment positive or negative result for anti-MICA antibodies with 3 different reagents,but the results of anti-MICA specific antibodies are not the same.Therefore,it's better to use two or more reagents to test anti-MICA specific antibodies,or choose reagent with wide detection range.