Peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals targeting integrin α5β1 show promise for precise tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, current peptide-based radioligands that target α5β1 demonstrate inadequate in vivo performance owing to limited tumor retention. The use of PEGylation to enhance the tumor retention of radiopharmaceuticals by prolonging blood circulation time poses a risk of increased blood toxicity. Therefore, a PEGylation strategy that boosts tumor retention while minimizing blood circulation time is urgently needed. Here, we developed a PEGylation-enabled peptide multidisplay platform (PEGibody) for PR_b, an α5β1 targeting peptide. PEGibody generation involved PEGylation and self-assembly. [⁶⁴Cu]QM-2303 PEGibodies displayed spherical nanoparticles ranging from 100 to 200 nm in diameter. Compared with non-PEGylated radioligands, [⁶⁴Cu]QM-2303 demonstrated enhanced tumor retention time due to increased binding affinity and stability. Importantly, the biodistribution analysis confirmed rapid clearance of [⁶⁴Cu]QM-2303 from the bloodstream. Administration of a single dose of [¹⁷⁷Lu]QM-2303 led to robust antitumor efficacy. Furthermore, [⁶⁴Cu]/[¹⁷⁷Lu]QM-2303 exhibited low hematological and organ toxicity in both healthy and tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, this study presents a PEGibody-based radiotheranostic approach that enhances tumor retention time and provides long-lasting antitumor effects without prolonging blood circulation lifetime. The PEGibody-based radiopharmaceutical [⁶⁴Cu]/[¹⁷⁷Lu]QM-2303 shows great potential for positron emission tomography imaging-guided targeted radionuclide therapy for α5β1-overexpressing tumors.

The activation proteins released by fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment regulate tumor growth, migration, and treatment response, thereby influencing tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes. Owing to the proliferation and metastasis of tumors, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is typically highly expressed in the tumor stroma, whereas it is nearly absent in adult normal tissues and benign lesions, making it an attractive target for precision medicine. Radiolabeled agents targeting FAP have the potential for targeted cancer diagnosis and therapy. This comprehensive review aims to describe the evolution of FAPI-based radiopharmaceuticals and their structural optimization. Within its scope, this review summarizes the advances in the use of radiolabeled small molecule inhibitors for tumor imaging and therapy as well as the modification strategies for FAPIs, combined with insights from structure-activity relationships and clinical studies, providing a valuable perspective for radiopharmaceutical clinical development and application.

Objective: To observe and compare the clinical effects of different electroacupuncture waveforms on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, three-group, parallel-controlled trial. Participants with primary dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into dense-sparse wave, continuous wave, and discontinuous wave groups in a 1:1:1 ratio. Two lateral Ciliao (BL 32) points were used. All three groups started treatment 3–5 days before menstruation, once a day for six sessions per course of treatment, one course of treatment per menstrual cycle, and three menstrual cycles. The primary outcome measure was the proportion with an average visual analog scale (VAS) score reduction of ≥50% from baseline for dysmenorrhea in the third menstrual cycle during treatment. The secondary outcome measures included changes in dysmenorrhea VAS scores, Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale scores and the proportion of patients taking analgesic drugs. Results: The proportion of cases where the average VAS score for dysmenorrhea decreased by ≥50% from baseline in the third menstrual cycle was not statistically significant (P > .05). Precisely 30 min after acupuncture and regarding immediate analgesia on the most severe day of dysmenorrhea, there was a statistically significant difference in the dense-sparse wave group compared with the other two groups during the third menstrual cycle (P < .05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the dense-sparse wave and discontinuous wave groups 24 h after acupuncture (P < .05). Conclusions Waveform electroacupuncture can alleviate primary dysmenorrhea and its related symptoms in patients. The three groups showed similar results in terms of short- and long-term analgesic efficacy and a reduction in the number of patients taking analgesic drugs. Regarding achieving immediate analgesia, the dense-sparse wave group was slightly better than the other two groups.

Objective Discuss the safety and effectiveness of flow diverter device and traditional stent inthetreatment of unruptured ophthalmic segment aneurysms.Methods A retrospective analysis from January 2017 to January 2023 was performed on the clinical data of 70 cases of unruptured aneurysms in the Department of Neurosurgery of Southern Theater General Hospital treated with stent-assisted embolization.According to the type of implanted stents,theywere divided into flow diverter device group(n = 21)and traditional stent group(n = 49),and the postoperative clinical effects and complications of the two groups were compared.Results The two groups of patients followed 3 to 24 months,with an average of(14.4±1.82)months.The results of periopera-tive and follow-up showed that the inclusion rate was higher in the flow diverter device group and the traditional stent group(93.3%vs.87.9%),with no significant difference(P>0.05),and the incidence of perioperative and short-term complications was lower(0 vs.6.1%)in the flow diverter device group than in the traditional stent group,and there currencies rate in the flow diverter device group was lower than that in the traditional stent group(0 vs.6.1%),but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Flow diverter devices and traditional stents in the treatment of unruptured ophthalmic segment aneurysmsare feasible,safe and effective.Preliminary results suggest that the incidence of short-term complications and retreatment is lower after treatment with flow diverter devices,and the operation time is short,but further studies are needed to validate long-term complica-tions in patients.

Objective To explore the research status and future development trends of nursing case teaching at home and abroad,and to provide reference and guidance for the development of case teaching in nursing profession in China.Methods Data sources include the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data,and Web of Science databases.The CiteSpace software was used to visually analyze the research status and trends of nursing case teaching from January 2013 to Octo-ber 2023,covering nearly 11 years.Results A total of 2 889 valid articles were extracted.The important literature on nursing case teaching in China experienced a period of stable growth followed by rapid growth from 2013 to 2021.However,the number of publications and the number of publications in core journals on nursing case teaching abroad were higher than those in China.After 2021,both domestic and foreign publications on nursing case teaching showed a slow decline.The research on nursing case teaching in both domestic and foreign contexts is mainly conducted by universities,and the collaborative relationships between for-eign institutions and scholars are stronger than those within China.The research topics and hotspots in both domestic and foreign contexts are concentrated on the teaching applications for nursing students.Conclusion Nursing case teaching in China contin-ues to attract attention;however,compared to nursing case teaching abroad,the depth and breadth of research need to be further improved.Additionally,the collaboration between domestic authors and institutions is relatively limited.

Objective:To retrieve and evaluate the evidence on the risk grading management of high-risk diabetic foot patients, so as to provide reference for the management of diabetic foot.Methods:According to the "6S" pyramid model of evidence-based resources, evidence on risk grading management of high-risk diabetic foot patients was retrieved in Web of Science, UpToDate, Cochrane Library, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP and other databases, guide websites, and professional association websites. The search period was from the establishment of the database to January 1, 2024.Results:A total of 11 articles were included, including 8 guidelines, one systematic review, one expert consensus, and one expert opinion. There were 24 pieces of best evidence about the risk grading management of high-risk diabetic foot patients, covering 8 aspects of risk assessment, risk grading, health records establishment, screening frequency, health education, foot management, exercise management and referral.Conclusions:The best evidence of risk grading management of high-risk diabetic foot patients summarized can provide reference for clinical nurses to carry out evidence-based practice.

Oral diseases concern almost every individual and are a serious health risk to the popula-tion.The restorative treatment of tooth and jaw defects is an important means to achieve oral function and support the appearance of the contour.Based on the principle of"learning from the nature",Deng Xu-liang's group of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology has proposed a new concept of"microstructural biomimetic design and tissue adaptation of tooth/jaw materials"to address the worldwide problems of difficulty in treating dentine hypersensitivity,poor prognosis of restoration of tooth defects,and vertical bone augmentation of alveolar bone after tooth loss.The group has broken through the bottle-neck of multi-stage biomimetic technology from the design of microscopic features to the enhancement of macroscopic effects,and invented key technologies such as crystalline/amorphous multi-level assembly,ion-transportation blocking,and multi-physical properties of the micro-environment reconstruction,etc.The group also pioneered the cationic-hydrogel desensitizer,digital stump and core integrated restora-tions,and developed new crown and bridge restorative materials,gradient functionalisation guided tissue regeneration membrane,and electrically responsive alveolar bone augmentation restorative membranes,etc.These products have established new clinical strategies for tooth/jaw defect repair and achieved inno-vative results.In conclusion,the research results of our group have strongly supported the theoretical im-provement of stomatology,developed the technical system of oral hard tissue restoration,innovated the clinical treatment strategy,and led the progress of the stomatology industry.

Objective To analyze the effects of miR-181a-5p overexpression on metabolites in the small intestines of mice with subcutaneous oral cancer by detecting changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways.Methods Three groups were included in study:Control group,negative control and miR-181a-5p overexpression group.To establish a subcutaneous oral cancer model in mice,variously treated cell suspensions were subcutaneously injected into the upper right of the groin in female M-NSG severely immunodeficient mice.Changes in pathology and small intestinal tissues were assessed by HE staining.Changes in mouse body weight were also assessed.Tandem orbitrap mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry,were used to examine metabolites in the small intestines.By pre-analyzing the original data and quality rating sample data,XCMS was able to assess which metabolites were different among the groups.To identify unique metabolic pathways,KEGG enrichment analysis was used.Results A total of 170 distinct metabolites were found in the small intestinal tissues of Control and NC groups.Choline metabolism,alanine,aspartate,and glutamate metabolism,GABA synaptic metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,cAMP signaling route,cancer center carbon metabolism,and niacin and niacin amine metabolic pathways were important signaling pathways for metabolite enrichment.In the NC group,16 distinct metabolites with VIP values larger than 2 were found in the small intestines compared with the OE group overexpressing miR-181a-5p.Glycerin phosphorylcholine,palmitic acid,3-hydroxybutyl carnitine,and β-hydroxybutyric acid were among the metabolites that significantly varied.The primary enhanced metabolic pathway was the choline pathway.Conclusions Mouse small intestines underwent slight changes from subcutaneous oral cancer with the greatest effect on metabolites critical for energy metabolism.The choline metabolic pathway was the pathway that selected absolutely metabolites in mouse small intestines with subcutaneous grafts of oral cancer.

Objective To establish a method for uranium aerosol sample collection, dry ashing treatment, and laboratory laser-fluorescence measurement in the workplace of uranium processing and fuel fabrication facilities. Methods Through optimization experiments, the effects of sampling flow, sample pH value, and test temperature on uranium aerosol concentration results were studied, and the detection limit, precision, and recovery rate of the method were tested. Results Under the optimal test conditions, the detection limit of the method was 0.025 ng/mL; the minimum detectable concentration of 1 m³ of aerosol samples was 1.25 × 10⁻³ μg/m³; the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the measurement results was less than 5%; the recovery rate was between 96% and 104%. Conclusion The detection limit, precision, and accuracy of the method meet the testing requirements for uranium aerosol samples in the workplace of uranium processing and fuel fabrication facilities.

Objective: To explore the correction factors of lung cancer caused by radon exposure in a uranium mine, and estimate the excess relative risk (ERR) coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon in the uranium miners. Methods: Male miners who worked in a uranium mine more than one year in Hunan Province from 1958 to 2018 were selected. This study preliminarily estimated the ERR coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon in the miners with different corrections using the Possion regression model. Results: This study cohort included 4 851 uranium miners, with 187 miners died with lung cancer from 1958 to 2018, and cumulative follow-up of 207 251 person-year. The ERR coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon without correction factors was estimated to be 0.21%/WLM (95%CI: 0.04%/WLM-0.27%/WLM). In the final model, the exponential correction factors of radon-induced lung cancer were time since exposure and exposure rate. In this model, if time since exposure was 45 years and the average exposure rate was 0.14 WL, the estimated ERR coefficient was 1.73%/WLM (95%CI: 0.36%/WLM-3.11%/WLM). The ERR decreases by about 60.00% for every 10 years since exposure, and increases by about 30.00% for every one WL increase exposure rate. Conclusion: The correction factors of lung cancer caused by radon in uranium miners in this mine were the time since exposure and exposure rate. It was preliminarily estimated that the ERR coefficient of lung cancer caused by radon in the occupational radon exposed population in this uranium mine was 1.73%/WLM (95%CI: 0.36%/WLM-3.11%/WLM).