OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest research progress of graphene and its derivatives (GDs) in bone repair. METHODS: The relevant research literature at home and abroad in recent years was extensively accessed. The properties of GDs in bone repair materials, including mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and antibacterial properties, were systematically summarized, and the unique advantages of GDs in material preparation, functionalization, and application, as well as the contributions and challenges to bone tissue engineering, were discussed. RESULTS: The application of GDs in bone repair materials has broad prospects, and the functionalization and modification technology effectively improve the osteogenic activity and material properties of GDs. GDs can induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through specific signaling pathways and promote osteogenic activity through immunomodulatory mechanisms. In addition, the parameters of GDs have significant effects on the cytotoxicity and degradation behavior. CONCLUSION GDs has great potential in the field of bone repair because of its excellent physical and chemical properties and biological properties. However, the cytotoxicity, biodegradability, and functionalization strategies of GDs still need to be further studied in order to achieve a wider application in the field of bone tissue engineering.
Graphite/pharmacology* ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Humans ; Osteogenesis/drug effects* ; Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology* ; Bone Regeneration ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry* ; Cell Differentiation ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Substitutes/chemistry* ; Animals

Objective:To explore the effect of family empowerment model on the improvement of swallowing care ability and care preparedness of primary caregivers of first-episode stroke dysphagia patients, further to explore its impact on patients′s wallowing function and life quality.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled study. From January 2021 to December 2022, 80 main caregivers of patients with dysphagia caused by manual stroke admitted to the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the research objects, and 40 cases in the control group and 40 cases in the observation group were selected by random number table method. The control group were treated with conventional nursing care of first-episode stroke dysphagia patients in the acupuncture and moxibustion Department. On the basis of the conventional care in the control group, the observation group were treated with family empowerment model intervention for 14 days and was followed up for 28 days. Primary caregivers′ swallowing care ability, Caregiver Preparedness Scale (CPS), patients′ swallowing function rate, Swallowing Related Quality of Life (SWALQOL) were used to evaluate the effects before intervention and at the end of intervention.Results:There were 18 males and 19 females primary caregivers in the control group, aged (55.61 ± 7.43) years old. There were 18 males and 21 females primary caregivers in the observation group, aged (58.23 ± 8.22) years old. The swallowing care ability score showed a statistically significant difference between the observation group (143.47 ± 3.96) and the control group (107.74 ± 1.43) ( t=-26.76, P<0.05). After intervention, the caregiver preparedness scale was (26.11 ± 3.81) in the observation group, and (18.35 ± 4.54) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-4.11, P<0.05).The patients′ swallowing function rate and SWALQOL score were respectively 97.44% (38/39) and (91.41 ± 8.08) points in the observation group, and 72.97% (27/37) and (80.33 ± 4.21) points in the control group, and the difference was both statistically significant ( χ2=10.76, t=-2.54, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The implementation of family empowerment model could enhance the swallowing care ability and care preparedness of primary caregivers of the first-episode stroke dysphagia patients, which could further improve patients′ swallowing function and life quality.

BACKGROUND:Nanocomposite hydrogel has great research prospects and application potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of nanocomposite hydrogel in osteoarthritis and cartilage repair. METHODS:Databases such as CNKI and PubMed were searched.The English key words were"nanocomposite hydrogel,nanogel,osteoarthritis,cartage,physical encapsulation,electrostatic interaction,covalent crosslinking",and the Chinese key words were"nanocomposite hydrogel,nanogel,osteoarthritis,cartage,physical encapsulation,physical encapsulation,electrostatic effect,covalent cross-linking".After an initial screening of all articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,71 articles with high correlation were retained for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In cell or animal experiments,nanocomposite hydrogel has the effect of improving osteoarthritis.Nanocomposite hydrogel can promote cartilage repair,improve the internal environment of osteoarthritis,and achieve the therapeutic purpose of osteoarthritis by improving the mechanical environment between joints,carrying targeted drugs,and promoting the chondrogenesis of seed cells.At present,the research of nanocomposite hydrogel in osteoarthritis disease still has a huge space to play.It is expected to open up a new way for the clinical treatment of osteoarthritis by continuing to deepen the research of material preparation and actively carrying out cell and animal experiments.

OBJECTIVE: To review the application of cell derived decellularized extracellular matrix (CDM) in tissue engineering. METHODS: The literature related to the application of CDM in tissue engineering was extensively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: CDM is a mixture of cells and their secretory products obtained by culturing cells in vitro for a period of time, and then the mixture is treated by decellularization. Compared with tissue derived decellularized extracellular matrix (TDM), CDM can screen and utilize pathogen-free autologous cells, effectively avoiding the possible shortcomings of TDM, such as immune response and limited sources. In addition, by selecting the cell source, controlling the culture conditions, and selecting the template scaffold, the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of the scaffold can be controlled to obtain the desired scaffold. CDM retains the components and microstructure of extracellular matrix and has excellent biological functions, so it has become the focus of tissue engineering scaffolds. CONCLUSION CDM is superior in the field of tissue engineering because of its outstanding adjustability, safety, and high bioactivity. With the continuous progress of technology, CDM stents suitable for clinical use are expected to continue to emerge.
Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry* ; Humans ; Decellularized Extracellular Matrix/chemistry* ; Cells, Cultured ; Extracellular Matrix ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry* ; Cell Culture Techniques

In China, the level of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution far exceeds the air quality standards recommended by the World Health Organization. Moreover, the health effects of PM 2.5 exposure have become a major public health issue. More than half of PM 2.5 -related excess deaths are caused by cardiopulmonary disease, which has become a major health risk associated with PM 2.5 pollution. In this review, we discussed the latest epidemiological advances relating to the health effects of PM 2.5 on cardiopulmonary diseases in China, including studies relating to the effects of PM 2.5 on mortality, morbidity, and risk factors for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. These data provided important evidence to highlight the cardiopulmonary risk associated with PM 2.5 across the world. In the future, further studies need to be carried out to investigate the specific relationship between the constituents and sources of PM 2.5 and cardiopulmonary disease. These studies provided scientific evidence for precise reduction measurement of pollution sources and public health risks. It is also necessary to identify effective biomarkers and elucidate the biological mechanisms and pathways involved; this may help us to take steps to reduce PM 2.5 pollution and reduce the incidence of cardiopulmonary disease.
Humans ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Risk Factors ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; China/epidemiology* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects*

AIM: To investigate the implication of respiratory microbiology on the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors monotherapy for patients with NSCLC. METHODS: This study was designed as a retrospective study, fifty-eight patients with previously-treated advanced NSCLC who were received PD-1 monotherapy from October 2018 to October 2021 were included. The PD-1 inhibitors were consisted of camrelizumab, sintilimab and pembrolizumab. Additionally, the basic demographic data, therapeutic efficacy data, survival prognosis and adverse reactions during the PD-1 inhibitors treatment were collected and analyzed through the patients' medical records of the department and the electronic medical record system of the hospital. Furthermore, deep induced sputum specimens of the patients before treatment with PD-1 inhibitor were collected. And the respiratory microbiology of 58 samples were detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. The index of respiratory microbiology α diversity was analyzed, and the correlation analysis was performed with the efficacy and prognosis of patients. RESULTS: A total of 58 patients with advanced NSCLC met the study's screening criteria and were evaluable for efficacy and safety profile. Efficacy data suggested that the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of the patients who received PD-1 inhibitors was 19.0%(95% CI: 9.9%-31.4%) and 55.2% (95% CI: 41.5%-68.3%). Furthermore, prognostic data obtained from follow-up indicated that the median PFS of the 58 patients with advanced NSCLC was 3.2 months (95% CI: 2.29-4.11) and the median OS was 10.5 months (95% CI: 5.58-15.43). Regarding the exploratory analysis between efficacy and respiratory microbiology, the 58 patients with NSCLC were divided into high α diversity group (group H) and low α diversity group (group L) according to Shannon diversity index of respiratory microecology detection. And the association analysis suggested that the ORR of patients with group H and group L was 23.3% and 17.9%(P c 0.380), respectively. Furthermore, prognostic analysis indicated that the median PFS of patients with group H and group L was 3.8 and 2.8 months, respectively, which was statistically significant (P c 0.034). CONCLUSION: PD-1 inhibitors monotherapy demonstrated preliminary efficacy and prognosis as subsequent line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients with higher α -diversity of respiratory microbiology might confer a superior prognosis. And the conclusion should be validated in large sample prospective clinical trials subsequently.

【Objective】 To explore the intention of voluntary blood donation in students from a middle vocational school in Jinhua and its influencing factors. 【Methods】 A total of 400 students were enrolled from a middle vocational school in Jinhua by convenience sampling, and a self-designed questionnaire was issued to each student to investigate the cognition, intention and attitude of voluntary blood donation. The influencing factors of voluntary blood donation intention were analyzed by Logistic regression. 【Results】 A total of 394 valid questionnaires(98.50%) were collected. For 394 surveyed students, the average score of cognition of voluntary blood donation was (7.27±2.69) points, and the overall rate of intention to voluntary blood donation was 21.32%. Logistic regression analysis equation consisted of family support, better cognition, feeling happy about blood donation and worrying about blood donation, with risk ratios(OR) as 31.78, 188.69, 26.27 and 0.01, respectively(all P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Students from a middle vocational school showed poor congnition and intention of voluntary blood donation.Family support for voluntary blood donation, better cognition of voluntary blood donation and happiness for blood donation were positive factors, and the fear of blood donation was a negative factor.It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of blood donation among students in middle vocational school to improve their congnition and intention to voluntary blood donation.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of preoperative transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) and intraoperative deep wound local anesthesia on improving postoperative pain in kidney transplant recipients.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 62 recipients who underwent allogeneic kidney transplantation at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2020 to June 2023. The recipients were divided into three groups according to the different methods of postoperative analgesia: group A ( n=11), group B ( n=28) and group C ( n=23). Group A received preoperative TAPB anesthesia, group B received intraoperative deep wound local anesthesia, and group C received conventional anesthesia. Demographic characteristics, intraoperative parameters, postoperative pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores at 0, 2, 12 and 24 hours, postoperative analgesic medication requirement, time to postoperative oral intake, and incidence of complications were compared among the three groups. The normality of measurement data was tested by Shapiro-Wilk method. Measurement data conforming to normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s). ANOVA was used for comparison between groups, and S-N-K method was used for pairwise comparison between groups with differences. Measurement data that did not conform to the normal distribution were expressed as the median (interquartile distance) [ M( Q1, Q3)], Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between groups, and Bonferroni was used for pairwise comparison after the fact if there were differences between groups. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method was used for comparison between data groups. Results:There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics and intraoperative parameters among the three groups ( P>0.05). The pain VAS scores at 0, 2, 12 and 24 h after surgery in group A and group B were significantly lower than those in group C ( P<0.001), and the pain VSA scores at 0 and 24 h were no difference between group A and group B, while the pain VAS scores at 2 and 12 h were lower in group A than those in group B. The postoperative analgesic medication requirement was also significantly lower in group A and group B than those in group C, the requirement rate of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug in group A was lower than that in group B. Moreover, the time to postoperative oral intake was significantly shorter in group A and group B compared to group C. These differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative nausea and vomiting or major complications among the three groups ( P> 0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative TAPB and intraoperative deep wound local anesthesia can effectively alleviate postoperative pain in kidney transplant recipients, reduce the use of analgesic medication, promote early recovery of gastrointestinal function in donors, and do not increase the incidence of postoperative complications. The analgesic effect of deep wound local anesthesia was similar to preoperative TAPB.

Objective:To investigate the application value of domestic robotic surgical system in radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCCA).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was constructed. The clinicopathological data of a 66-year-old male patient with hCCA who was admitted to the Second Hospital of Shandong University in November 2022 were collected. Radical resection of hCCA was performed using the Toumai? laparoscopic surgical robot system. Observation indicators: (1) intraoperative conditions; (2) postoperative conditions; (3) follow-up. Count data were represented as absolute numbers and (or) percentages.Results:(1) Intraoperative conditions. The patient underwent radical resection of hCCA successfully using robotic surgical system, including tumor resection, lymph node dissection, and gastrointestinal reconstruc-tion. The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were 400 minutes and 100 mL, respectively, and no intraoperative blood transfusion was required. (2) Postoperative conditions. The patient began ambulation on postoperative day 1 and began taking liquid food on postoperative day 4. Liver function examination and abdominal computed tomograph (CT) on postoperative day 5 showed a decrease in serum bilirubin, no biliary or intestinal leakage, and no edema or necrosis at the anastomotic site. The abdominal pre-anastomotic and post-anastomotic drainage tubes were removed on the 7th and 9th day after the surgery respectively, and the patient was discharged on the 10th day after surgery. Results of postoperative pathological examination showed moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the bile duct. Immunostaining was positive for CK7 and CK19. The Ki-67 proliferation index was 35%. The proximal and distal resection margin of bile duct were negative. The tumor diameter was 30 mm. Perineural invasion was positive. The surgical specimen margin was negative. Two lymph nodes were identified containing tumor cells positive for malignancy. No tumor cell metastasis was detected in the No.8, No.12 or gastric lesser curvature lymph nodes submitted for pathological examination. (3) Follow-up. The patient was followed up at postoperative 1-, 3-, 5-month after discharge. During follow-up period, results of liver function examination and abdominal CT showed liver function restore to normal levels, no complication such as biliary fistula, intestinal fistula, gastroparesis or tumor metastasis.Conclusion:The Domestic Toumai ? laparoscopic surgical robot system can be applied to radical resection of hCCA.