Parkinson's disease （PD） is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor dysfunction. Traditionally， its main clinical features include resting tremor， muscular rigidity， bradykinesia， and postural balance disorders. However， an increasing number of studies have shown that its non-motor symptoms （NMS） exert an even greater impact on patients' quality of life than motor symptoms， severely affecting daily functioning and increasing the burden on families and society. Among these， depression is one of the most common and most debilitating NMS， with statistics indicating that the incidence of depression among PD patients reaches as high as 40%-50%. The pathological mechanisms are complex， involving the interplay between degenerative changes in dopaminergic neurons and disruptions in emotional regulatory circuits， which poses a substantial challenge to clinical treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， characterized by holistic regulation and multi-target intervention， has demonstrated significant advantages in the treatment of PD and depression， offering new insights for managing PD-depression comorbidity. This study integrates research extracted from multiple databases， including PubMed， Web of Science， Google Scholar， and China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， that investigates the potential mechanisms of PD and depression as well as TCM-based treatments for these conditions. The aim is to elucidate the shared pathological mechanisms underlying PD and depression and to explore the therapeutic potential of TCM in effectively combating PD-depression comorbidity through these shared mechanisms， thereby providing valuable insights for the development of targeted therapies.

Icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution may produce cytotoxic α-dicarbonyl degradation products during heat sterilization, which must be monitored and controlled. The study established an o-phenylenediamine (OPD) derivatization HPLC-MS/MS method for the detection of these degradation products, enabling qualitative and quantitative analysis of α-dicarbonyl degradation products in icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution. The results indicated that the main α-dicarbonyl degradation products in icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution are 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal), 4-deoxyglucosone (4-DG), and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), along with two monocarbonyl degradation products, furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The quantitative method for 3-DG, 3-DGal, 3,4-DGE and their structural analog, glucosone, was validated. 3-DG, 3-DGal, and glucosone exhibited good linear relationships within the range of 5-150 ng/mL, while 3,4-DGE showed good linearity in the range of 1-150 ng/mL. The spiked recovery rates for all compounds were between 86.8% and 100.0%. The detection limits for glucosone, 3-DG, and 3-DGal were approximately 2.4 ng/mL, and approximately 0.5 ng/mL for 3,4-DGE. The method established in this study can accurately determine α-dicarbonyl degradation products in icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution, providing an important basis for the quality control.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanisms through which Si Junzitang （SJZD） ameliorates Alzheimer's disease （AD） induced by scopolamine （SCOP） in mice and the PC12 cell model induced by H₂O₂ based on the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） signaling pathway. MethodsIn the animal experiments， an AD model was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of SCOP （3 mg·kg^-1）. Morris water maze and open field tests （OFT） were conducted to assess learning and memory abilities. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were performed to observe pathological changes in neurons. Immunofluorescence was used to detect amyloid β-protein_1-42 （Aβ_1-42） expression， and immunohistochemistry was employed to detect phosphorylated （p）-Tau expression. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe ultrastructural changes in hippocampal neurons and synapses. Biochemical methods were used to measure the levels of acetylcholine （ACh）， acetylcholinesterase （AChE）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， catalase （CAT）， and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. Real-time PCR and Western blot were employed to measure the mRNA and protein levels of molecules in the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the hippocampus. In the cell experiments， a PC12 cell model of oxidative damage model was established with H₂O₂. Cell count kit-8 （CCK-8） assays and flow cytometry were adopted to measure cell viability and apoptosis rates， and Western blot was employed to quantify the expression levels of proteins in the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. ResultsThe animal experiments showed that compared with the model group， the SJZD and donepezil groups showed shortened escape latency （P<0.01）， increased time in the target quadrant and platform crossings， and increased movement distance and duration in the central area of the open field （P<0.05， P<0.01）. HE and Nissl staining showed more organized neurons and increased Nissl bodies in the drug intervention groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the Aβ_1-42 and p-Tau expression levels were downregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. TEM revealed reduced ultrastructural damage in hippocampal neurons and synapses in the drug intervention groups. In addition， the drug intervention groups showed declined levels of MDA， LDH， and AChE （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated levels of SOD， CAT， and ACh （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced Keap1 expression and increased Nrf2， HO-1， and NQO1 expression in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The cell experiments showed that compared with the model group， the SJZD-containing serum increased the cell viability （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased total apoptosis rates （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The drug intervention groups showed upregulated protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and downregulated protein level of Keap1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSJZD demonstrates protective effects against SCOP-induced AD in mice and H₂O₂-induced damage in PC12 cells through antioxidant mechanisms mediated by the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Intraocular ointment is conventionally placed on the eye to prevent infection after cataract surgery. The purpose of this study is to report a case and conduct a systematic review of a rare occurrence of the entry of intraocular ointment after cataract surgery. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CNKI, WANFANG data, China Science and Technology Journal Database and Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database were systematically searched from their commencement to 30th October 2023, and 19 literatures were screened out and 31 cases of intraocular ointment after surgery were collected. Among the 31 patients, the age of presentation ranged from 55 to 87 years with a median of 73, males accounted for 45.2% and females accounted for 32.3%. The length of the incision was generally 3.2 mm. Most of the patients detected ointment within 3 days post-operation and presented without complications(45.2%). The most common ocular manifestations were corneal edema, glaucoma and uveitis. Early postoperative follow-up is very important. Presence of anterior chamber ointment is a rare complication after cataract surgery, but it can lead to severe vision loss if not detected and treated on time. When patients complain of foreign body sensation in the in the eye after cataract surgery, ophthalmologists need to take a kin interest and examine the eye for early detection of ointment for appropriate intervention and prevent further complications.

Intraocular ointment is conventionally placed on the eye to prevent infection after cataract surgery. The purpose of this study is to report a case and conduct a systematic review of a rare occurrence of the entry of intraocular ointment after cataract surgery. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CNKI, WANFANG data, China Science and Technology Journal Database and Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database were systematically searched from their commencement to 30th October 2023, and 19 literatures were screened out and 31 cases of intraocular ointment after surgery were collected. Among the 31 patients, the age of presentation ranged from 55 to 87 years with a median of 73, males accounted for 45.2% and females accounted for 32.3%. The length of the incision was generally 3.2 mm. Most of the patients detected ointment within 3 days post-operation and presented without complications(45.2%). The most common ocular manifestations were corneal edema, glaucoma and uveitis. Early postoperative follow-up is very important. Presence of anterior chamber ointment is a rare complication after cataract surgery, but it can lead to severe vision loss if not detected and treated on time. When patients complain of foreign body sensation in the in the eye after cataract surgery, ophthalmologists need to take a kin interest and examine the eye for early detection of ointment for appropriate intervention and prevent further complications.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation and joint damage, accompanied by the accumulation of plasma cells, which contributes to its pathogenesis. Understanding the genetic alterations occurring during plasma cell differentiation in RA can deepen our comprehension of its pathogenesis and guide the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Here, our study elucidates the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying plasma cell differentiation by demonstrating that PRDX1 interacts with DOK3 and modulates its degradation by the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This interaction results in the inhibition of plasma cell differentiation, thereby alleviating the progression of collagen-induced arthritis. Additionally, our investigation identifies Salvianolic acid B (SAB) as a potent small molecular glue-like compound that enhances the interaction between PRDX1 and DOK3, consequently impeding the progression of collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting plasma cell differentiation. Collectively, these findings underscore the therapeutic potential of developing chemical stabilizers for the PRDX1-DOK3 complex in suppressing plasma cell differentiation for RA treatment and establish a theoretical basis for targeting PRDX1-protein interactions as specific therapeutic targets in various diseases.

Objective To elucidate the kinetic characteristics of viral replication and transcription,an in vitro model of viral replication and transcription was established.Utilizing single-molecule magnetic tweezers technology,the dynamic process of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp)during in vitro replication and transcription was investigated.Methods The force field of the single-molecule magnetic tweezer system was corrected using DNA fragments,followed by the construction of RNA fragments to explore the kinetics of RdRp replication and transcription in vitro.Results The force field calibration results were consistent with the worm-like chain model(WLC).The ssRNA strand was found to be approximately 0.3 pm longer than the dsRNA strand and could be stably extended under a 30 pN force field.The average synthesis rate of RdRp extension was determined to be 3.27 nt/s,with an average processivity of 886 nt.Conclusions By implementing force calibration in single-molecule magnetic tweezers,the real-time tracking of RdRp kinetics during the full-cycle replication-transcription process(initiation,elongation,and termination)in vitro was achieved,thereby constructing a mechanistic model of RdRp-driven nucleic acid synthesis.This study provides a basis for further investigating the kinetics of viral RdRp in physiological processes including replication,transcription,and backtracking under varied in vitro environments using single-molecule magnetic tweezers,and establishes a single-molecule manipulation framework for evaluating the effects of therapeutic compounds on viral replication-transcription processes in vitro.

Objective:To adapt and validate the Chinese version of the Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire(SRQ)and evaluate its psychometric properties among supervisees.Methods:Item analysis,exploratory factor anal-ysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)were conducted on data from 888 supervisees recruited via on-line platform.Test-retest reliability over a four-week interval was examined in a randomly selected subset of 70 su-pervisees.An additional sample of 367 supervisees completed the Supervisory Relationship Scale(SRS)to evaluate criterion validity.Results:The revised SRQ contained 65 items and 6 factors.Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported six-factor structure(safe base,structure,commitment,reflective education,role model and formative feedback),explaining 66.52％of the variance,with factor loadings of the items ranging from 0.58 to 0.83.The revised SRQ had six factors with good fit indices(x2/df=1.31,GFI=0.81,NFI=0.87,CFI=0.97,TLI=0.90,IFI=0.91,RMSEA=0.03,SRMR=0.05).The scores of the revised SRQ were positively correlated with the scores of SRS(ICC=0.96,P＜0.01).The Cronbach α coefficient of the revised SRQ was 0.97,and the test-retest reliability coefficient(ICC)was 0.74.Conclusion:The SRQ-C demonstrates sound psy-chometric properties,including structural validity,criterion-related validity,internal consistency,and temporal stabil-ity.It is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing supervisory relationships from the supervisee perspective.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of CT-guided alcohol ablation of splanchnic nerve block(SNB)in the treatment of pain in patients with pancreatic cancer,and to discuss the related factors influencing the effectiveness in treating pancreatic cancer pain.Methods The clinical data of patients with pancreatic cancer pain,who was unable to receive surgery and underwent CT-guided SNB at Hai'an People's Hospital from June 2018 to September 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.According to postoperative one-month VAS pain score and the used dosage of opioids,the improvement of pain was assessed.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the demographic characteristics,tumor features,and pain-related factors so as to determine the predictive factors for effective analgesia after SNB,and the survival outcomes were compared between the patients with effective SNB analgesia and the patients with ineffective SNB analgesia.Results A total of 133 patients were included in this analysis.One week after SNB,74.4％of patients achieved effective pain relief,and one month after the procedure,54.9％of patients experienced effective pain relief.One month after treatment,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the diabetes(OR=0.637,95％CI=0.397-0.876,P=0.034),serum CA199(OR=1.531,95％CI=1.030-2.370,P=0.042),serum MMP-1(OR=0.703,95％CI=0.457-0.983,P=0.038),preoperative ECOG score(OR=2.693,95％CI=1.234-6.609,P=0.021),and preoperative daily morphine consumption(OR=2.797,95％CI=1.148-6.695,P=0.019)were the independent predictive factors for achieving a good analgesic efficacy after SNB.Patients with poor analgesic outcomes after SNB had a significantly lower median survival time when compared to patients with good analgesic outcomes(82 days vs 149 days,P＜0.05).No serious SNB-related adverse events occurred.Conclusion For the treatment of refractory pancreatic cancer pain,CT-guided SNB is clinically safe and effective.The diabetes,ECOG score,serum MMP-1 level,CA199 level,and preoperative daily used dosage of opioids are the independent predictive factors for the efficacy of CT-guided SNB in treating pancreatic cancer pain.

Objective To analyze the risk factors and re-intervention strategies for mid- and long-term residual after arterial switch operation (ASO). Methods The clinical data of children with complex congenital heart disease who underwent ASO surgery in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center from January 2006 to June 2022 were retrospectively collected, and the risk factors for mid- and long-term residual after ASO were analyzed. Results A total of 952 children undergoing ASO were enrolled in this study, including 654 males and 298 females with an average age of (102.9±90.1) d and weight of (4.6±1.6) kg. There were 421 patients with D-transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum (D-TGA/IVS), 357 patients with D-transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect (D-TGA/VSD), and 174 patients with right ventricle double outlet combined with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect (Taussig-Bing malformation). Eighty-nine patients died early after the surgery, the mortality rate was 9.3%. The 746 surviving children were regularly followed up after the surgery (follow-up rate 86.4%), with a median follow-up time of 79.4 (12.0-188.0) months. During the follow-up, 53 children underwent surgical re-intervention due to residual, including 33 males and 20 females, with a median age of 62.5 (17.0-214.0) months. The median surgical weight was 19.0 (8.2-86.0) kg, and the mean time of re-intervention was 28.0-170.0 (77.5±45.4) months after the ASO. Residual problems included common trunk and branch stenosis of the pulmonary artery in 23 patients, right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction in 11 patients, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 6 patients, aortic arch restenosis in 5 patients, aortic insufficiency in 5 patients, residual shunt of ventricular septal defect in 2 patients, and tricuspid valve insufficiency in 1 patient. The early postoperative mortality rate was 3.8% (2/53), with the causes of death being acute myocardial infarction due to coronary artery injury and acute left heart failure, respectively. The mean follow-up time of the surviving children was (52.4±28.6) months, and no mid- and long-term death occurred. Two patients underwent the third operations due to pulmonary restenosis. The multivariate analysis result showed that combined aortic arch surgery and early postoperative RVOT velocity>3 m/s were independent risk factors for mid- and long-term residual after ASO. Conclusion ASO is an ideal procedure for the treatment of D-TGA/IVS, D-TGA/VSD and Taussig-Bing malformations. Combined aortic arch surgery and early postoperative RVOT velocity>3 m/s are independent risk factors for mid- and long-term residual after ASO.