Due to its high sensitivity and non-destructive nature, Raman spectroscopy has become an essential analytical tool in biopharmaceutical analysis and drug development. Despite of the computational demands, data requirements, or ethical considerations, artificial intelligence (AI) and particularly deep learning algorithms has further advanced Raman spectroscopy by enhancing data processing, feature extraction, and model optimization, which not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of Raman spectroscopy detection, but also greatly expands its range of application. AI-guided Raman spectroscopy has numerous applications in biomedicine, including characterizing drug structures, analyzing drug forms, controlling drug quality, identifying components, and studying drug-biomolecule interactions. AI-guided Raman spectroscopy has also revolutionized biomedical research and clinical diagnostics, particularly in disease early diagnosis and treatment optimization. Therefore, AI methods are crucial to advancing Raman spectroscopy in biopharmaceutical research and clinical diagnostics, offering new perspectives and tools for disease treatment and pharmaceutical process control. In summary, integrating AI and Raman spectroscopy in biomedicine has significantly improved analytical capabilities, offering innovative approaches for research and clinical applications.

The ability of cells to sense and adapt to metabolic changes and environmental variations is essential for their functions. Recent advances in synthetic biology have uncovered increasing mechanisms through which cells detect changes in metabolism and environmental conditions, leading to broader applications. However, a systematic review on the regulation of cellular metabolism and environmental adaption is currently lacking. This article presents a comprehensive overview of this field from three perspectives. First, it introduces key transmembrane and sensor proteins involved in the cellular perception of metabolic and environmental changes. Next, it summarizes the adaptive regulation mechanisms that natural cells employ when confronted with intracellular and extracellular metabolic changes. Finally, the review explores the application scenarios based on cellular adaptive regulation in three aspects: dynamic control, rational metabolic engineering, and adaptive evolution and makes an outlook on the future development directions in this field. This review not only provides a comprehensive perspective on the mechanisms by which cells sense metabolic and environmental variations, but also lays a theoretical foundation for further innovations in the field of synthetic biology. With the continuous advancement of future technologies, a deeper understanding of cellular adaptive regulation mechanisms holds great potential to drive the development and application of novel biomanufacturing platforms.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Synthetic Biology ; Metabolic Engineering/methods* ; Environment ; Bacteria/genetics*

AIM: To assess the accuracy of predicting intraocular lens(IOL)power after myopic refractive surgery using the Pentacam system's true net power(TNP)in the 3 mm zone combined with the SRK/T formula [i.e. TNP 3 mm(SRK/T)].METHODS: Retrospective study. This study enrolled 35 cases(50 eyes)of patients undergoing cataract surgery after laser assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)or photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)from July 2019 to December 2021. Preoperatively, IOL power of 50 eyes, 34 eyes and 41 eyes was calculated by TNP 3 mm(SRK/T), Barrett True-K and Olsen 2 formulas, respectively, with at least 2 formulas used to calculate IOL power for each patient. The actual diopter was recorded 3 mo postoperatively. Prediction errors(PE)of IOL power were compared among the three calculation methods, and the proportion of eyes with PE within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D was analyzed.RESULTS: The PE at 3 mo postoperatively for TNP 3 mm(SRK/T), Barrett True-K, and Olsen 2 was -0.02±0.63, -0.54±0.80, and 0.25±0.80 D, respectively(P<0.001). The proportions of PE within ±0.5 D were 66%(33/50), 44%(15/34)and 37%(15/41), respectively(P<0.05); the proportions of PE within ±1.0 D were 88%(44/50), 71%(24/34)and 80%(33/41), respectively(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The Pentacam TNP 3 mm(SRK/T)method is simple to operate and provides accurate calculation of IOL power after corneal refractive surgery.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of Yifei xuanfei jiangzhuo formula （YFXF） against vascular dementia （VD）. METHODS The differentially expressed genes of YFXF （YDEGs） were obtained by network pharmacology. High-risk genes were screened from YDEGs by using the nomogram model. The optimal machine learning models in generalized linear， support vector machine， extreme gradient boosting and random forest models were screened based on high-risk genes. VD model rats were established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion， and were randomly divided into model group and YFXF group （12.18 g/kg， by the total amount of crude drugs）， and sham operation group was established additionally， with 6 rats in each group. The effects of YFXF on behavior （using escape latency and times of crossing platform as indexes）， histopathologic changes of cerebral cortex， and the expression of proteins related to the secreted phosphoprotein 1 （SPP1）/phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （aka Akt） signaling pathway and the mRNA expression of SPP1 in cerebral cortex of VD rats were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 6 YDEGs were obtained， among which SPP1， CCL2， HMOX1 and HSPB1 may be high-risk genes of VD. The generalized linear model based on high-risk genes had the highest prediction accuracy （area under the curve of 0.954）. Compared with the model group， YFXF could significantly shorten the escape latency of VD rats， significantly increase the times of crossing platform （P＜0.05）； improve the pathological damage of cerebral cortex， such as neuronal shrinkage and neuronal necrosis； significantly reduce the expressions of SPP1 protein and mRNA （P＜0.05）， while significantly increase the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS VD high-risk genes SPP1， CCL2， HMOX1 and HSPB1 may be the important targets of YFXF. YFXF may play an anti-VD role by down-regulating the protein and mRNA expressions of SPP1 and activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective:To establish the standard of nursing quality in bone oncology department, and provide the basis for scientific evaluation of nursing quality in bone oncology department.Methods:On the theoretical basis of Donabedian′s three-dimensional quality model of "structure-process-outcome", and through literature review and semi-structured interview method, the "evaluation index of nursing quality in bone oncology department" was preliminatively formulated from November 2022 to June 2023. The Delphi method was used to select 31 experts from 31 third-level A hospitals and nursing colleges in 27 provinces or municipalities across the country for two rounds of correspondence consultation. The criteria were screened and modified to determine the evaluation criteria of nursing quality in bone tumor specialty.Results:The questionnaire recovery rate of 2 rounds of expert consultation was 100.00%, the authority coefficient of 2 rounds of expert consultation was 0.93, and the coefficient of variation of 1, 2 and 3-grade standards were all less than or equal to 0.25. The Kendall′s coefficient of concordance of the primary standards of the two rounds of expert consultation were both 0.088, in the secondary standards were 0.103 and 0.140, in the tertiary standards were 0.119 and 0.110. Through 2 rounds of expert letter consultation, the evaluation criteria for the quality of care in bone tumor specialties were divided into three levels, including 3 primary standards (structural quality criteria, process quality criteria and outcome quality criteria), 21 secondary standards and 80 tertiary standards.Conclusions:The construction process of nursing quality standard in bone oncology department is scientific and reliable, reflecting specialty characteristics, and can provide scientific basis for the evaluation of nursing quality in bone oncology department and standardize nursing behavior.

Objective To investigate the antioxidant activity of bamboo stem extracts and the therapeutic effect of bamboo stem water extract on oxidative inflammation induced by tert butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). Methods In this study, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays were used to determine the extracellular antioxidant activity of petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract, 95% ethanol extract, and distilled water extract from bamboo stems. The human intestinal Caco-2 cell line was used as the model cell, and t-BHP was selected as the oxidative stress modeling agent. The CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability and the optimal oxidative damage concentration of t-BHP. The content of MDA, 8-OHdG, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected to assess antioxidant stress effect. Results The five extracts of bamboo all had certain antioxidant activity, among which the water extract of bamboo stem had the best comprehensive antioxidant activity with high cell viability in Caco-2 cells. The optimal modeling concentration of t-BHP was 200 μMol/L. The water extract of bamboo stem significantly reduced the content of oxidative stress related biomarkers and inflammatory factors in Caco-2 cells induced by t-BHP. Conclusion The stem extracts of bamboo in Xianning City have strong in vitro antioxidant activity. Among them, the water extract of bamboo stem has a protective effect on t-BHP induced oxidative damage in Caco-2 cells, suggesting that the water extract possesses a potential to be developed as new antioxidant products for clinical prevention and treatment of oxidative damage related diseases.

Objective To explore the prognostic impact and clinical application value of therapeutic plasma exchange(TPE)intervention timing and liver injury periodization in patients with exertional heat stroke(EHS).Methods Data of 127 EHS patients from the First Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army from January 2011 to December 2023 were collected,then divided into the death group and the survival group based on therapeutic outcomes and into 5 stages according to the dynamic changes of ALT,AST,TBIL and DBIL.According to propensity score matching analysis,11 patients in the survival group and 12 patients in the death group were included in the statistical analysis,and 20 of them were treated with TPE.The changes in indicators and clinical outcomes before and after TPE were observed,in order to evaluate the impact of intervention timing on prognosis.Results Among the 23 patients,14 had no liver injury or could progress to the repair phase,resulting in 3 deaths(with the mortality rate of 21.43%),while 9 patients failed to pro-gress to the repair phase,resulting in 9 deaths(with the mortality rate of 100%),with significant differences(P＜0.05).The mortality rate of the first TPE intervention before the third stage of liver injury was 23.08%(3/13),while that of interven-tion after reaching or exceeding the third stage was 85.71%(6/7),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion TPE should be executed actively in EHS patients combined with liver injury before the third phase to lock its pathological and physiological processes,thereby improving prognosis and reducing mortality.

Objective:To investigate the alterations of multilayer network and dynamic causal connectivity in patients with bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss.Methods:The hearing ability, neural-scale data and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data of 60 patients with bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss from the Department of Otolaryngology and 60 healthy controls from Physical Examination Center, Nanjing First Hospital were collected from January 2022 to January 2024. Multilayer brain network analysis was computed to identify the nodes with abnormal switching rate. Then these abnormal nodes were used as regions of interest (ROIs) in the subsequent dynamic causal model analysis. The SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze causal connectivity between two groups based on independent-sample Mann-Whitney U test. And Pearson correlation coefficients between fMRI results and clinical parameters were calculated. Results:Pure tone audiometry test showed that the left and right hearing thresholds of bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss were significantly higher than those of healthy controls( Z=-9.460, -9.462, both P<0.01). The score of depressive emotion in patients with bilateral sudden hearing loss was 6.00(2.00, 9.00).Multilayer brain network analysis showed that the switching rates in the left superior frontal gyrus (0.073(0.049, 0.102), Z=3.603, P<0.001), left anterior cingulate gyrus (0.077(0.044, 0.105), Z=3.189, P=0.001), right hippocampus (0.080(0.045, 0.116), Z=3.616, P<0.001), left para-hippocampal gyrus (0.080(0.043, 0.108), Z=3.577, P<0.001), left superior parietal gyrus (0.079(0.047, 0.103), Z=3.160, P=0.002), and right inferior parietal gyrus (0.078(0.043, 0.105), Z=3.396, P<0.001) in patients with bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss were lower that those in healthy controls. These six brain areas were used as ROIs to compute dynamic causal model analysis, and the results showed that the connection strength from left superior frontal gyrus to the left para-hippocampal gyrus in patients with bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss was significantly higher than that in healthy controls ( Z=-2.593, P<0.05). Additionally, enhanced connectivity from left superior frontal gyrus to the left para-hippocampal gyrus was positively correlated with duration of hearing loss ( r=0.376, P=0.003). Conclusions:Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients have decreased switching rates in many brain areas, and the causal connectivity from left superior frontal gyrus to the left para-hippocampal gyrus is enhanced.

Objective To develop multimodal joint cognitive representations for the research of visual cognitive activities of the brain,enhance the classification performance of visual information cognitive representations,predict brain electro-encephalogram(EEG)responses from visual image features,and decode visual images from EEG signals.Methods A architecture combining a multimodal variational autoencoder network with the Mixture of Product Experts(MoPoE)approach and with a style generation adversarial network based on adaptive discriminator augmentation(Style-GAN2-ADA)was used for facilitating the learning of cognitive representations and the encoding and decoding of EEG signals.This framework not only catered to classification tasks but also enabled cross-modal generation of images and EEG data.Results The present study integrated features from different modalities,enhancing the classification accuracy of cognitive representations of visual information.By aligning the feature spaces of diverse modalities into a cohesive latent space,cross-modal generation tasks were made possible.The cross-modal generation results of EEG and images,derived from this unified latent space,outperformed the one-way mapping methods that involved transition from one modality to another employed in previous research.Conclusion This study effectively integrates and aligns information from various modalities,enabling the classification performance of joint cognitive representations beyond any single modality.Moreover,the study demonstrates superior outcomes in cross-modal generation tasks compared to modality-specific unidirectional mappings,which is expected to offer a new line of thought for the effective unified encoding and decoding modeling of visual cognitive information in the brain.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the qualitative research of virtual reality rehabilitation experience of cardiovascular disease patients, and provide reference for clinical application and improvement of virtual reality rehabilitation.Methods:Qualitative research on virtual reality rehabilitation experience of cardiovascular disease patients was electronically retrieved in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biomedical Database. The search period was from database establishment to October 2023. The literature was evaluated according to the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center. The aggregation integration method was used to integrate research results.Results:Six articles were included and 25 research results were extracted. Similar results were summarized and integrated into 10 new categories, and synthesized into three integrated results, including perceived benefits of virtual reality rehabilitation for cardiovascular disease patients, perceived barriers to virtual reality rehabilitation for cardiovascular disease patients, and the needs and expectations of cardiovascular disease patients for virtual reality rehabilitation.Conclusions:Virtual reality rehabilitation is a supplement and continuation of traditional cardiac rehabilitation, and its effectiveness has been recognized by most cardiovascular disease patients. Future research should enrich the content and participation forms of virtual reality rehabilitation based on patients' personalized needs, strengthen team building, provide social support, and enhance the accessibility and experience of using virtual reality rehabilitation systems for cardiovascular disease patients.