Objective:To analyze the blood-transition prototype components and metabolites of Fengliaoxing Fengshi Dieda medicinal liquor.Methods:Ultra-high performance liquid chromatographyquadrupole/electrostatic field orbital trap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS) technique was used to compare the chromatogram differences of Fengliaoxing Fengshi Dieda medicinal liquor extract, blank serum and drug-containing serum. According to the retention time, relative molecular weight and the ratio with primary and secondary ion fragments provided by MS, the prototype components and metabolites of Fengliaoxing Fengshi Dieda medicinal liquor extract were analyzed in serum of rats after oral administration. The detection conditions were as follows: the mobile phase of methanol (A)-0.1% formic acid solution (B) for elution gradient (0-5 min, 5%A; 5-60 min, 5%-95%A; 60-65 min, 95%A), the flow rate of 0.3 ml/min, heated electrospray ionization, detection range of m/z 80-1 200, positive and negative ion scanning modes.Results:A total of 31 transitional components were detected in the serum, of which 9 were prototype components and 22 were metabolites. The 9 prototype components were identified as phenylacetaldehyde, baogongteng C/ erycibellin, p-coumaric acid, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, quinic acid, paeonol, 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, salicylic acid, and isourecumenol. The 22 metabolites mainly consist of 11 organic acid components, 3 indole components, 2 organic phenolic components, 2 alkaloid components, 1 nucleoside component, 1 amino acid component, 1 lactone component, and 1 sulfonic component. The metabolic pathways were mainly glucuronidation, sulfation and others, which by phase Ⅱ metabolism.Conclusion:Organic phenols and organic acids are the main components that enter the body of Fengliaoxing Fengshi Dieda Medicinal Liquor, while alkaloid compounds and organic acid components may be potential active ingredients for its pharmacological effects.

Objective To explore and analyze the implementation effect of the combined traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine DRG payment model in TCM hospitals,aiming to provide a reference for the reform of medical in-surance payment methods in such hospitals.Methods R language was utilized to statistically analyze the costs and other indica-tors of the sample hospitals before and after the implementation of the combined TCM and Western medicine DRG payment within 1-2 years.Results Following the implementation of the combined TCM and Western medicine DRG payment,there was a de-crease in average hospitalization costs and average length of stay,accompanied by an increase in CMI(average weight).The cost structure underwent changes:the proportions of western medicine fees and auxiliary examination fees decreased,whereas the pro-portion of TCM treatment fees increased.Significant statistical differences were observed in each group of data(p＜2.2e-16).Conclusion The combined TCM and Western medicine DRG payment reform model can facilitate TCM hospitals in reducing medical costs,controlling medical expenses,optimizing the cost structure,and promoting the development of TCM diagnosis and treatment characteristics.

Objective To explore and analyze the implementation effect of the combined traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine DRG payment model in TCM hospitals,aiming to provide a reference for the reform of medical in-surance payment methods in such hospitals.Methods R language was utilized to statistically analyze the costs and other indica-tors of the sample hospitals before and after the implementation of the combined TCM and Western medicine DRG payment within 1-2 years.Results Following the implementation of the combined TCM and Western medicine DRG payment,there was a de-crease in average hospitalization costs and average length of stay,accompanied by an increase in CMI(average weight).The cost structure underwent changes:the proportions of western medicine fees and auxiliary examination fees decreased,whereas the pro-portion of TCM treatment fees increased.Significant statistical differences were observed in each group of data(p＜2.2e-16).Conclusion The combined TCM and Western medicine DRG payment reform model can facilitate TCM hospitals in reducing medical costs,controlling medical expenses,optimizing the cost structure,and promoting the development of TCM diagnosis and treatment characteristics.

Objective To explore the research hotspots and development trends of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in the past 20 years,and to provide reference for related research.Methods Literatures on Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were searched from January 1,2000 to December 31,2022 in CNKI,Web of Science Core Collection Database.VOS viewer software was used to visually analyze the citation frequency,research institutions and keyword hotspots of English literatures.CiteSpace software was used to visually analyze research institutions,authors,emergence keywords and keyword overlap time of Chinese literatures,and Microsoft Excel 2021 software was used to analyze of annual publication trends and publication volume of Chinese and English literatures,and download frequency of Chinese literatures.Results A total of 4 872 Chinese and 128 English literatures were included,with an overall upward trend in the number of annual publications.The research institutions with the highest number of publications in Chinese and English were Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tianjin University of Commerce,and the authors with the highest number of publications were DU Chenhui and XIE Junbo,respectively.The most frequent keywords in Chinese literatures were"Ziziphi Spinosae Semen","composed"and"application of compound therapy",and in English literatures were"performance","oxidative stress".Conclusion From 2000 to 2022,the research hotspots of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen mainly focused on the chemical composition,pharmacological effects and clinical application analysis,compatibility research,formulation and preparation.Quality control and evaluation of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,and the research on the mechanism of preventing and treating insomnia with Ziziphi Spinosae Semen may become future research directions.

Ziziphi spinosae semen mainly contains contents of saponins,flavonoids,alkaloids and aliphatic acids.Meanwhile,it has a variety of activities such as sedative-hypnotic,anti-anxiety,anti-depression,nerve protection,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,liver protection,and antioxidant,which is widely used in medicine,food,health food and other fields.The chemical constituents,pharmacological action and clinical application of Ziziphi spinosae semen were systematically summarized in this paper by reviewing the literature,in order to provide theoretical guidance for the sustainable development of the resources and the rational use of Ziziphi spinosae semen.

OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of Shenfukang Ⅱ capsule(SC-Ⅱ), and to screen out its indicative compounds for quality control combined with chemometrics methods and network pharmacology. METHODS The HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of SC-Ⅱ was established, and similarity evaluation was analyzed by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM(2012 A Edition) to determine common peaks; common peaks were identified through standard comparison. Chemometrics methods was used to evaluate quality of 10 batches of SC-Ⅱ, and network pharmacology was used to screen out core targets and pathways of SC-Ⅱ. Combined with the above results, indicative compounds for quality control of SC-Ⅱ were screened out. RESULTS A total of 37 common peaks were obtained in the HPLC fingerprint, the similarity of samples was greater than 0.97. Twenty compounds were identified as morroniside, loganin, paeoniflorin and et al. The samples were divided into two categories by chemical pattern recognition, salvianolic acid B, morroniside, salvianolic acid A and paeoniflorin were differential marker compounds for SC-Ⅱ. Network pharmacology predicted that active compounds such as salvianolic acid B, paeoniflorin and morroniside might exert pharmacological effects through 45 core targets and 15 main pathways. The research preliminary preliminarily predicted that morroniside, paeoniflorin and salvianolic acid B were quality control index components for SC-II. CONCLUSION The established HPLC fingerprint method is simple and good repeatability. The quality control indicative compounds of SC-Ⅱ can provide a basis for its quality control.

ObjectiveTo analyze the blood-transition constituents of Bergeniae Scopulosae Rhizoma extract based on the serum pharmacochemical method. MethodUltra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbital trap high resolution mass spectrometry （UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS） technique was used to compare the chromatogram differences of Bergeniae Scopulosae Rhizoma extract， blank serum and drug-containing serum， according to the retention time， relative molecular weight and the ratio with primary and secondary ion fragments provided by MS， the prototype components and metabolites of Bergeniae Scopulosae Rhizoma extract were analyzed in serum of rats after oral administration. The detection conditions were as follows：the mobile phase of methanol （A）-0.1% formic acid solution （B） for elution gradient （0-40 min， 5%-95%A； 40-45 min， 95%A）， the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min^-1， the injection volume of 1 µL， heated electrospray ionization， detection range of m/z 80-1 200， positive and negative ion scanning modes. ResultAfter oral administration， a total of 35 components were detected in the serum， of which 6 were prototype components and 29 were metabolites of prototype components. The 6 prototype components were identified as arbutin， mallonanoside A， bengenin， ardimerin， salicylic acid and ellagic acid. The 29 metabolites were mainly metabolites from compound containing structural units such as gallic acid， mallonanoside A， bengenin， catechin， and ellagic acid， and their metabolic pathways were mainly glucuronidation， sulfation， methylation and others， which by phase Ⅱ metabolism. ConclusionThe components absorbed into the blood and their metabolites may be the pharmacodynamic components of Bergeniae Scopulosae Rhizoma. Among them， mallonanoside A， bengenin and ellagic acid can not only enter the blood as prototype components， but also exert their efficacy through phase Ⅱ metabolism. Most of the other chemical components in Bergeniae Scopulosae Rhizoma may be transformed into simple structures such as gallic acid， bengenin and catechin by hydrolysis， and then further metabolized by phase Ⅱ.

Polyporus umbellatus， as a traditional Chinese medicine for promoting diuresis and clearing dampness， mainly contains steroids and polysaccharides. It is usually used to treat diseases of urinary system. In this paper， the research progress of the effective components， pharmacological mechanisms and clinical use of P. umbellatus in diuresis-promotion and dampness- clearance is reviewed. Steroids such as ergosterone， peroxyergosterone， ergosta-7，22-dien-3-one and P. umbellatus polysaccharide PPS1， PPS2， PPS3， GUMP-1-1 and GUMP-1-2 promote diuresis and eliminate dampness through diuresis， renal protection， anti- inflammatory， bacteriostatic and immunomodulatory effects. Traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations such as P. umbellatus powder， P. umbellatus decoction， and Wuling powder have significant effects in treating urinary tract infections， lithiasis， renal edema and lesions， which providing reference for the further development and application of P. umbellatus.

OBJECTIVE To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous dete rmination of morroniside ，loganin，paeoniflorin， salvianolic acid B and icariin in Shenfukang Ⅱ capsule. METHODS The determination was performed on Agilent 5 TC-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphate acid （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and detection wavelength was set at 240 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS The linear range of morroniside，loganin，paeoniflorin，salvianolic acid B and icariin were 4.80-240.00，4.84-242.00，7.00-350.00，4.72-236.00 and 5.18-259.00 μg/mL（r≥0.999 8），respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3％（n＝6）. Average recoveries were 97.22％-101.36％ with the RSDs of 1.19％-2.43％（n＝6）. The contents of above 5 components in 5 batches of samples were 2.019 3-2.360 0，1.624 2-1.847 1，5.637 7-6.828 0，5.015 9-5.717 0 and 1.208 8-1.754 6 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS The method is simple ，accurate and reproducible. It can improve the quality control level of Shenfukang Ⅱ capsule.

OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for the content determination of 7 components，such as puerarin ， 3′-methoxypuerarin，daidzein，rutin，hesperidin，salvianolic acid A and quercetin ，in Zhengxin jiangzhi tablets ，and conduct cluster heatmap analysis. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on Kromasil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ formic acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm，and the column temperature was 25 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. Taking the content data as the object，the cluster heatmap was drawn by Hiplot scientific research mapping platform. RESULTS ：The linear range of puerarin ， 3′-methoxypuerarin，daidzein，rutin，hesperidin，salvianolic acid A and quercetin were 17.00-170.00（r＝0.999 9），5.14-51.40（r＝ 0.999 8），3.00-30.00（r＝0.999 8），153.00-1 530.00（r＝0.999 9），7.88-78.75（r＝0.999 8），2.85-28.50（r＝0.999 9）and 11.34-113.40 μg/mL（r＝0.999 8），respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability（24 h）and repeatability tests were all less than 2％； the average recoveries were 99.58％（RSD＝0.83％，n＝6），100.31％（RSD＝1.17％，n＝6），100.61％（RSD＝1.08％，n＝6）， 100.05％（RSD＝0.82％，n＝6），100.31％（RSD＝1.38％，n＝6），100.31％（RSD＝0.85％，n＝6），99.85％（RSD＝1.01％， n＝6），respectively. The contents of above components in 10 batches of samples were 7.262 5-8.941 5，2.464 9-3.068 9，1.478 9- 1.883 4，58.632 8-79.408 3，3.569 4-4.500 6，1.077 6-1.341 5，1.139 7-5.957 0 mg/g，respectively. Results of cluster heatmap analysis showed that 10 batches of samples could be divided into 4 categories，including S 1-S3 as one category ，S4 as one category，S5-S6 as one category and S 7-S10 as one category. CONCLUSIONS ：The established method is simple ，accurate and specific，which can be used for the quality control of Zhengxin jiangzhi tablets ，combined with cluster heatmap analysis. There are some differences in the quality of different batches of samples.