Objective To investigate the effects of high-altitude hypoxic environment on the pharmacokinetic characteristics and brain tissue distribution of phenytoin sodium in epileptic rats.Methods A total of 70 male SPF-grade Wistar rats aged 2 months and weighing(200±20)g were used in the study.An epilepsy model was induced in the rats using the lithium chloride-pilocarpine method.The successfully modeled rats were randomly assigned to a normoxic treatment group and a high-altitude hypoxic treatment group.Phenytoin sodium was administered via intragastric gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg in both groups.Blood samples were collected from the orbital venous plexus before treatment and 0.5,1,2,3,4,6,8,10,and 24 h post treatment.The animals were euthanized after the final blood collection,and samples of the liver and the whole brain tissue were collected.In the brain tissue distribution experiment,brain tissue samples were collected at 0.5,1,2,and 4 h after drug administration.The concentration of phenytoin sodium in rat plasma and brain tissue was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using WinNolin 8.1 software.The expression levels of CYP2C9 in liver tissue and those of P-gp in brain tissue of epileptic rats were determined by Western blot.Results Compared with those in the normoxia group,the peak concentration,peak time,and half-life of phenytoin sodium in the high-altitude hypoxia group were significantly decreased by 46.0%,42.3%,and 55.5%,respectively(all P<0.05);the clearance rate was significantly increased by 162.0%(P<0.05);and the area under the curve of plasma concentration-time curve was decreased by 45.6%(P<0.01).At 0.5,1,and 2 hours after administration,compared with that in the normoxia treatment group,the concentration of phenytoin sodium in the brain tissue of the high-altitude hypoxia treatment group was significantly decreased by 78.1%,63.5%,and 32.5%,respectively(all P<0.05).Western blot results showed that the expression levels of CYP2C9 in the liver tissue and P-gp in the brain tissue of rats in the high-altitude hypoxia group were approximately 1.78 and 1.65 times higher than those in the normoxia group,respectively(both P<0.05).Conclusion The hypoxic environment at high altitudes can promote the metabolism of phenytoin sodium,reduce its absorption efficiency,and change the characteristics its distribution in the brain,which may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of CYP2C9 in the liver and that of P-gp in the brain.

Objective:To understand the current status of human resources in Operating Room nursing in China, so as to provide reference for nursing management, human resource allocation, nursing education and training in Operating Rooms.Methods:Using the stratified sampling method, a self-made Operating Room nursing human resource survey questionnaire of Chinese Nursing Society was used as a research tool in July 2021 to investigate the general situation, surgical workload, human resource allocation, Operating Room management, Operating Room information construction, nursing education and training of 2 201 hospitals in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China.Results:Among the 2 201 hospitals, there were 1 021 tertiary hospitals (46.39%), 1 177 secondary hospitals (50.75%), and 63 primary and below hospitals (2.86%). There were 2 056 hospitals with less than 30 Operating Rooms, accounting for 93.41%. There were 1 991 hospitals with an annual number of surgical cases less than 20 000, accounting for 90.46%, the educational background of Operating Room nurses was mainly undergraduate (66.93%, 43 359/64 780), with a total of 67.99% (44 045/64 780) having a bachelor's degree or above. Nurses were the main professional titles (42.66%, 27 632/64 780). Number of Operating Rooms: the number of Operating Room nurses (median) was 1: 2.43 and 78.96% (1 738/2 201) of hospital operating theatres were managed by Nursing Departments or hospitals. A total of 1 479 hospitals (67.20%) established anesthesia recovery rooms in their Operating Rooms, which was higher than 59.34% (1 210 hospitals) surveyed in 2016, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=226.701, P<0.01). 74.69% (1 644/2 201) and 87.87% (1 934/2 201) of hospitals carried out post management and capacity classification management in Operating Rooms, respectively. Day surgery and robotic surgery were performed in 47.80% (1 052/201) and 7.68% (169/2 201) hospitals, respectively. 36.98% (814/2 201) of the hospitals passed the information evaluation system certification and 64.61% (1 422/2 201) of the hospitals used the Operating Room information management system. In the Operating Room information system of the hospital, 2.54% (56/2 201) had intelligent functions. And 77.24% (1 700/2 201) of hospitals participated in the qualification training of Operating Room specialist nurses. Conclusions:By July 2021, the number of Operating Rooms in most hospitals in China is less than 30, and the annual number of operating cases is less than 20 000. The educational background and professional title of Operating Room nurses are mainly undergraduate and nurse. More than 60% of hospitals have set up anesthesia recovery rooms and have information management systems for Operating Rooms. At the same time, Operating Rooms in Chinese hospitals have widely implemented diversified nursing management models such as post management and ability grading management.

Objective:To analyze the long-term prognosis and prognostic factors of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA) in children suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF).Methods:An observational study was performed.All children who were admitted to the Department of Respiratory, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2014 to June 2018, with more than 2 years of followed up for the diagnosis of CF accompanied by ABPA were involved.Results:Three children met the inclusion criteria, with 2 boys and 1 girl, and their diagnostic age were 14, 8 and 9 years old, respectively.The follow-up duration ranged from 2 to 6 years.All the 3 cases were treated with systemic corticosteroids and antifungal agent.In case 1, the initial dose of prednisone was 0.75 mg/(kg·d), and the course of treatment was more than 5 years.The corticosteroid-dependent patient suffered from expectoration and chest pain, and radiographic findings indicated exacerbation, while his lung function was normal.Treating with initial dose of prednisone 2 mg/(kg·d) for 9 months, case 2 had normal serum immunoglobulin E(IgE) concentration, but his pulmonary artery was infiltrated by lesions, thus leasing to lobectomy.In case 3, the initial dose of prednisone was 0.6 mg/(kg·d), and the course of treatment was 18 months.And she developed persistent hypoxemia, and decreased pulmonary function, so lung transplantation was necessary 2 years after diagnosis.Conclusions:Systemic glucocorticoid combined with antifungal therapy is the main treatment for CF with ABPA, but there are individual differences in the efficacy.The level of serum total IgE is not always consistent with lung function and chest images.The overall prognosis is poor, and it is infeasible to evaluate the prognosis by single factor.

Objective To analyze the technology competition situation in vaccine industry of Jilin Province from the visual angle of patents. Methods The Dawei Patents Database-covered patents data of vaccine industry in Jilin Province were analyzed by patent mapping, patent metrical analysis and social network analysis respectively. Re-sults The vaccine industry in Jilin Province was in a growing stage with a good development situation and a solid strength in its research institutions. Conclusion Stress should be laid on city development-driven production, pro-duction-driven city development, and optimizing industry policies for the development of vaccine industry in Jilin Province. Scientific research institutions should strengthen their collaboration in professionals, technologies, funds and markets in order to make breakthroughs in technologies and realize the economic value of patents.

Objective:To analysis clinical curative effect of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy bladder cancer and influence on serum levels of ferritin (SF),soluble interleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2 R) and rumor specific growth factor (TSGF).Methods:98 cases of bladder cancer who were treated in our hospital from August 2012 to February 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group 0=49) and the research group (n=49).The patients in the control group were treated with open radical radical cystectomy,while the patients in the research group were treated with laparoscopic radical cystectomy.Then the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,anal exhaust time,hospitalization,the lymph node cleaning,the serum levels of SF,SIL-2R,TSGF,white blood cells and cortisol,the complications and recurrence rate in the two groups were observed and compared.Results:The operation time of research group was longer than that of the control group,while the intraoperative blood loss,the hospitalization and the anal exhaust time were less than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference about the numbers of the lymph node and the recurrence rate between two groups (P＜0.05).After treatment,the serum levels of SF,SIL-2R and TSGF in the two groups decreased,while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05);After treatment,the white blood cell count and cortisol rise in the two groups increased,while the research group was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:LRC and ORC clinical efficacy similar,both of which can reduce the serum levels of SF,SIL-2R and TSGF of patients with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy bladder cancer.

Papers published by 70 public hospitals in Jilin Province from 2011 to 2015 were retrieved from CNKI, China Citations Database, and Wanfang Database. The scientific papers and their research hot spots were analyzed in aspects of the total number of published papers and different institutions-published papers, high output authors, cited papers, journals that published the papers, and foundation-supported papers in order to provide reference for subsequent research and policy-making.

Objective To investigate neurological function, volume of cerebral infarction, changes of lipid peroxidation, and the intervention effect of compound angelica injection (CAI) on rats with focal cerebral ischemia injury. Methods Models of rat with cerebral ischemia were reproduced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). All animals were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, CAI group, and edaravone group. 1 hour after the models were established, rats in the sham-operation group and model group received intraperitoneal injection with normal saline, while rats in CAI group and edaravone group received intraperitoneal injection with relevant medicine for continuing 7 days. Volume of cerebral infarction was detected by Tetrazole staining method, neurologic function were detected by neuroethology, and concentration of MDA in brain tissue was also detected. Results After 7-day cerebral ischemia, compared with the model group, volume of cerebral infarction in CAI group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the concentration of MDA was a little lower. Conclusion CAI has significant protective effects which can significantly improve neurological function, reduce volume of cerebral infarction, and alleviate the effects of lipid peroxidation of rats with focal cerebral ischemia injury.

Objective To investigate the safty and proper concentration of using the sufentanil combined with ropivacaine in patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) under lower limb surgery in elderly. Methods Eighty patients scheduled for lower limb surgery were divided into 4 groups by random digits table with 20 cases in each. The concentration of the sufentanil were 0.1,0.2,0.3 and 0.4 μ g/ml in group A, B, C, D respectively. The concentration of the ropivacaine were 0.125% in each group for the PCEA.R-VAS, C-VAS , Bromage score, Ramsay score, press times ,dosage and side effects were monitored and recorded at 4,10,24 and 48 h after operation. Results Compared with those in group C, D, C-VAS,dosage of the analgesia,press times of PCEA were higher in group A,B (P＜0.01 or ＜ 0.05),the efficacy of press was lower in group A, B(P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between group C and group D(P＞0.05 ).The Ramsay score 10,24 h after operation in group D[(4.5 ± 0.5 ), (4.6 ± 0.6) scores] was higher than that in group A,B,C [(2.7 ±0.8), (2.7 ±0.8) scores vs.(2.9 ± 0.9), (2.7 ± 0.9) scores vs. (3.0 ±0.7), (2.9 ±0.5) scores] (P ＜0.05). There were no case with hypotension and respiratory depression.Conclusion PCEA of four methods are safe and effective in elderly which 0.3 μ g/ml sufentanil combined with 0.125% ropivacaine have good analgesic effect and less side effect.

Objective To investigate the plasma levels of regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in patients with chronic urticaria and their roles in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria. Methods Forty-one patients with chronic urticaria were included into this study along with 20 normal human controls. Patients were graded into three groups, I.e. Mild group (n = 11), moderate group (n = 21) and severe group (n = 9), according to their symptom score. All patients were treated with mizolastine 10 mg per day for 4 weeks. ELISA was used to study the plasma levels of RANTES, eotaxin, TNF-α and LTB4 in normal controls and patients before and after treatment. Results The plasma levels of RANTES, eotaxin, TNF-α and LTB4 were (52.5 ± 10.2) g/L, (58.4 ± 16.1) g/L, (35.1 ± 9.6) ng/L and (109.4 ± 21.7) ng/L, respectively, in untreatedpatients with chronic urticaria, compared to (33.7 ± 9.4) g/L, (48.3 ± 13.6) g/L, (21.3 ± 8.9) ng/L and(77.8 ± 11.6) ng/L, respectively, in normal controls(P < 0.01, 0.05, 0.01, 0.01, respectively). Increased plasmalevels of RANTES, eotaxin, TNF-α and LTB4 were observed in patients with moderate or severe chronic urticaria compared with those with mild chronic urticaria (both P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between patients with severe and mild chronic urticaria (P < 0.05). After treatment with mizolas-fine the plasma levels ofRANTES, eotaxin, TNF-α and LTB4 were (36.3 ± 8.9) g/L, (46.3 ± 10.2) g/L, (23.2 ± 7.5) ng/L and (83.1 ± 14.2) ng/L respectively, significantly lower than those in patients before treatment (all P < 0.01), but showed no difference from those in normal controls (all P > 0.05). Conclu-sions The plasma levels of RANTES, eotaxin, TNF-α and LTB4 are elevated in patients with chronic urticaria, and they exhibits a positive correlation tendency with disease activity. After treatment with mizolastine, a significant decrease is observed in the plasma levels of RANTES, eotaxin, TNF-α and LTB4, which hints that RANTES, eotaxin, TNF-α and LTB4 may play a certain role in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria.

Objective To study the effects of flavone compound α-NF on CYP1B1 gene in transplanted nude mice tumor with human paclitaxel resistance ovarian cancer cell. Methods Using 24 nude models of orthotopic transplantation of human ovarian cancer, they were divided randomly into four groups: control group, α-NF group, paclitaxel group and combined group. RT-PCR and Western blotting method were used to detect CYP1B1 mRNA and protein expression. Results There was no significant difference in CYP1B1 mRNA expression between α-NF group, combined group and control group(P >0.05). Compared with control group, CYP1B1 protein expression was distinctly lower in α-NF and combined group (P<0.01). Conclusion α-NF has no effect on CYPIB1 gene in mRNA level, whereas α-NF down-regnlate, CYP1B1 expression of transplanted A2780TS nude mice tumor in protein level, thus α-NF has the effect on reversing paclitaxel resistance of A2780TS cell.