Objective To study whether electroacupuncture(EA)attenuates traumatic brain injury(TBI)by down-regulating glutamate carboxypeptidase Ⅱ(GCPII)gene expression in rats.Methods Rats were divided into Sham group(n=10),TBI group(n=11),TBI+EA group(n=11),TBI+EA+GCPII-NC group(n=11)and TBI+EA+GCPII-OE group(n=11).Sham group rats underwent sham surgery,while other groups rats underwent TBI modeling using an electronic brain injury instrument.The rats in Sham group and TBI group were fed normally,and the rats in other groups were treated with electroacupuncture for 14 days.On the basis of electroacupuncture treatment,rats in TBI+EA+GCPII-NC group and TBI+EA+GCPII-OE group were injected with GCPII-NC and GCPII-OE,respectively.After treatment,the cognitive function of rats was evaluated by neurological function score and Morris water labyrinth task.HE and TUNEL staining were performed on brain tissue.The water content,glutamate(Glu)content,calcium(Ca2+)concentration,superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in brain tissue of rats in each group were measured.The mRNA or protein expression of GCPII,Bax,Bcl2 and cleaved caspase-3 in brain tissue were detected by qRT-PCR or Western blot.Results Compared with Sham group,the expression of mRNA and protein of GCPII in TBI group increased,the neurological function score and escape latency increased,the number of crossing the platform decreased,the water content increased,the cortex showed obvious damage,the content of Glu increased,the concentration of calcium increased,the levels of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px decreased,the level of MDA increased,the positive rate of TUNEL increased,the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein increased,and the expression of Bcl2 protein decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with TBI group,the expression level of mRNA and protein of GCPII in TBI+EA group decreased,the neurological function score and escape latency decreased,the number of crossing platform increased,the water content decreased,the morphology of cortex improved obviously,the content of Glu decreased,the concentration of calcium decreased,the level of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px increased,the level of MDA decreased,the positive rate of TUNEL decreased,the expression level of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein decreased,and the expression level of Bcl2 protein increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with TBI+EA group and TBI+EA+GCPII-NC group,the expression level of mRNA and protein of GCPII in TBI+EA+GCPII-OE group increased,neurological function score and escape latency increased,the number of crossing platform decreased,water content increased,cortical injury aggravated,Glu content increased,calcium concentration increased,SOD,CAT and GSH-Px levels decreased,MDA level increased,TUNEL positive rate increased,Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression increased,and the expression of Bcl2 protein decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion By down-regulating the expression of GCPII gene,electroacupuncture reduced the content of glutamate in the brain tissue of TBI rats,thereby inhibiting calcium overload,oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in the brain tissue,and thereby improving cognitive function and alleviating brain injury.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Shandong province from 2010 to 2022, analyze the trends in morbidity and mortality, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of SFTS.Methods:The data on SFTS cases and deaths were retrospectively collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System′s infectious disease surveillance system and the Shandong province all-cause mortality surveillance system. Descriptive epidemiological method was used for epidemiological analysis, and the Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze trends in morbidity and mortality.Results:From 2010 to 2022, 6 714 SFTS cases were reported in Shandong, with an average crude incidence rate (CIR) and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 0.52/100 000 and 0.43/100 000, respectively. Among these, 1, 064 cases died within 30 days of onset, with an average crude mortality rate (CMR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 0.08/100, 000 and 0.06/100 000, respectively, and an average case fatality rate of 15.85%. The average incidence rates for males and females were 0.52/100 000 and 0.53/100 000, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The average annual mortality rate for males (0.09/100 000) was higher than that for females (0.08/100 000), and the average annual case fatality rate for males (17.21%) was higher than that for females (14.48%), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05); 93.95% of the cases were over 45 years old, and 86.56% of the deaths were over 60 years old. Both cases and deaths were primarily among farmers, accounting for over 85% of the total. From 2010 to 2022, the incidence rate of SFTS in Shandong showed an overall upward trend, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) in CIR of 23.58% and an AAPC in ASIR of 19.97%, P<0.05. The mortality rate of SFTS cases in Shandong from 2010 to 2022 showed a continuous and significant upward trend, with a CMR AAPC of 27.64% and an ASMR AAPC of 22.70%, P<0.05. SFTS incidence and mortality in Shandong exhibited clear seasonality, with high occurrence from May to October, primarily concentrated in the Jiaodong Peninsula and the hilly areas of central Shandong. The number of affected counties increased in a wave-like pattern, expanding from 6 in 2010 to 79 in 2021 for cases and from 2 in 2010 to 53 in 2022 for deaths. Conclusions:From 2010 to 2022, the incidence and mortality of SFTS in Shandong showed an upward and expanding trend, with a particularly heavy disease burden among middle-aged and elderly farmers.

Hereditary dentine disorders are a series of diseases with abnormal dentin structure and mineralization caused by ge-netic factors,of which the proceeding and genetic mechanisms could be effectively studied based on mouse models.This review in-troduces the basic classification and common pathogenic genes of hereditary dentine disorders,and overviews developmental char-acteristics as well as major markers of mouse dentin.Various types of genetically modified mice simulating human hereditary den-tine disorders are briefly described,providing a theoretical foundation for the deep study of these kinds of diseases.

Objective To study whether electroacupuncture(EA)attenuates traumatic brain injury(TBI)by down-regulating glutamate carboxypeptidase Ⅱ(GCPII)gene expression in rats.Methods Rats were divided into Sham group(n=10),TBI group(n=11),TBI+EA group(n=11),TBI+EA+GCPII-NC group(n=11)and TBI+EA+GCPII-OE group(n=11).Sham group rats underwent sham surgery,while other groups rats underwent TBI modeling using an electronic brain injury instrument.The rats in Sham group and TBI group were fed normally,and the rats in other groups were treated with electroacupuncture for 14 days.On the basis of electroacupuncture treatment,rats in TBI+EA+GCPII-NC group and TBI+EA+GCPII-OE group were injected with GCPII-NC and GCPII-OE,respectively.After treatment,the cognitive function of rats was evaluated by neurological function score and Morris water labyrinth task.HE and TUNEL staining were performed on brain tissue.The water content,glutamate(Glu)content,calcium(Ca2+)concentration,superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in brain tissue of rats in each group were measured.The mRNA or protein expression of GCPII,Bax,Bcl2 and cleaved caspase-3 in brain tissue were detected by qRT-PCR or Western blot.Results Compared with Sham group,the expression of mRNA and protein of GCPII in TBI group increased,the neurological function score and escape latency increased,the number of crossing the platform decreased,the water content increased,the cortex showed obvious damage,the content of Glu increased,the concentration of calcium increased,the levels of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px decreased,the level of MDA increased,the positive rate of TUNEL increased,the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein increased,and the expression of Bcl2 protein decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with TBI group,the expression level of mRNA and protein of GCPII in TBI+EA group decreased,the neurological function score and escape latency decreased,the number of crossing platform increased,the water content decreased,the morphology of cortex improved obviously,the content of Glu decreased,the concentration of calcium decreased,the level of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px increased,the level of MDA decreased,the positive rate of TUNEL decreased,the expression level of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein decreased,and the expression level of Bcl2 protein increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with TBI+EA group and TBI+EA+GCPII-NC group,the expression level of mRNA and protein of GCPII in TBI+EA+GCPII-OE group increased,neurological function score and escape latency increased,the number of crossing platform decreased,water content increased,cortical injury aggravated,Glu content increased,calcium concentration increased,SOD,CAT and GSH-Px levels decreased,MDA level increased,TUNEL positive rate increased,Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression increased,and the expression of Bcl2 protein decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion By down-regulating the expression of GCPII gene,electroacupuncture reduced the content of glutamate in the brain tissue of TBI rats,thereby inhibiting calcium overload,oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in the brain tissue,and thereby improving cognitive function and alleviating brain injury.

Hereditary dentine disorders are a series of diseases with abnormal dentin structure and mineralization caused by ge-netic factors,of which the proceeding and genetic mechanisms could be effectively studied based on mouse models.This review in-troduces the basic classification and common pathogenic genes of hereditary dentine disorders,and overviews developmental char-acteristics as well as major markers of mouse dentin.Various types of genetically modified mice simulating human hereditary den-tine disorders are briefly described,providing a theoretical foundation for the deep study of these kinds of diseases.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Shandong province from 2010 to 2022, analyze the trends in morbidity and mortality, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of SFTS.Methods:The data on SFTS cases and deaths were retrospectively collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System′s infectious disease surveillance system and the Shandong province all-cause mortality surveillance system. Descriptive epidemiological method was used for epidemiological analysis, and the Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze trends in morbidity and mortality.Results:From 2010 to 2022, 6 714 SFTS cases were reported in Shandong, with an average crude incidence rate (CIR) and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 0.52/100 000 and 0.43/100 000, respectively. Among these, 1, 064 cases died within 30 days of onset, with an average crude mortality rate (CMR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 0.08/100, 000 and 0.06/100 000, respectively, and an average case fatality rate of 15.85%. The average incidence rates for males and females were 0.52/100 000 and 0.53/100 000, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The average annual mortality rate for males (0.09/100 000) was higher than that for females (0.08/100 000), and the average annual case fatality rate for males (17.21%) was higher than that for females (14.48%), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05); 93.95% of the cases were over 45 years old, and 86.56% of the deaths were over 60 years old. Both cases and deaths were primarily among farmers, accounting for over 85% of the total. From 2010 to 2022, the incidence rate of SFTS in Shandong showed an overall upward trend, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) in CIR of 23.58% and an AAPC in ASIR of 19.97%, P<0.05. The mortality rate of SFTS cases in Shandong from 2010 to 2022 showed a continuous and significant upward trend, with a CMR AAPC of 27.64% and an ASMR AAPC of 22.70%, P<0.05. SFTS incidence and mortality in Shandong exhibited clear seasonality, with high occurrence from May to October, primarily concentrated in the Jiaodong Peninsula and the hilly areas of central Shandong. The number of affected counties increased in a wave-like pattern, expanding from 6 in 2010 to 79 in 2021 for cases and from 2 in 2010 to 53 in 2022 for deaths. Conclusions:From 2010 to 2022, the incidence and mortality of SFTS in Shandong showed an upward and expanding trend, with a particularly heavy disease burden among middle-aged and elderly farmers.

Objective:A comparison was made between the predictive efficacy of the Padua Score and the simplified Assessment Scheme Recommended by Chinese experts (hereinafter referred to as the Simplified Method) for the risk assessment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in medical inpatients, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical selection of appropriate risk assessment tools.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted, selecting 42 257 internal medicine inpatients discharged from Peking University Shenzhen Hospital between May 1, 2021, and April 30, 2022, using a convenience sampling method. Data collected included general information upon admission, VTE-related information, occurrences of VTE during hospitalization, and results from the two assessment tools. The predictive efficacy of the tools was evaluated by plotting ROC curves and calculating AUC, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and predictive accuracy.Results:Among 42 257 patients, there were 21 065 male and 21 192 female participants, aged (55.04 ± 15.17) years old. The incidence rate of VTE among medical inpatients was 2.24% (948/42 257). The AUC for Padua Score and the Simplified Method in medical patients were 0.735 (95% CI 0.717-0.753) and 0.582 (95% CI 0.561-0.602), respectively. Sensitivities were 49.4% and 18.2%, specificities were 89.6% and 98.1%, positive predictive values were 9.9% and 17.7%, negative predictive values were 98.7% and 98.1%, and predictive accuracy were 88.7% and 96.3%, respectively. The departments with the highest incidence rates of VTE during hospitalization were rehabilitation medicine, emergency, neurology, geriatrics, and respiratory medicine. Within these departments, the AUC values for the Padua Score and the Simplified Method were as follows: 0.864 and 0.612, 0.782 and 0.653, 0.792 and 0.664, 0.850 and 0.551, 0.867 and 0.664, respectively. Conclusions:The Padua Score demonstrated better predictive efficacy compared to the Simplified Method. However, the Simplified Method had more accessible assessment criteria and could serve as an initial VTE risk screening tool in emergency situations or when complete data are not available.

Objective To predict the target and molecular mechanism of Huayu Xiaopi decoction in the intervention of Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC)based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,and to conduct experimental verification.Methods A total of 60 SPF SD male rats were randomly selected as blank control,and the other rats were replicated in PLGC model.After successful modeling,the rats were randomly divided into model group,folic acid group(2 mg·kg-1·d-1),Huayu Xiaopi decoction high,medium and low dose groups(24.8,12.4,6.2 g·kg-1·d-1),which were continuously administered for 90 days.The body mass and food intake of rats at 3 h were recorded,and the gastric histopathology was observed by HE staining.Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to predict the potential targets of Huayu Xiaopi decoction in PLGC intervention,and the core targets were verified by Western blot technique.Results Compared with the blank group,the body mass and 3 h food intake of rats in the model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the gastric mucosa of rats was significantly thinner,the glands were significantly reduced and disordered,and the intestinal metaplasia goblet cells and a large number of inflammatory cells were visible in some areas.Compared with the model group,the body mass and 3 h food intake of rats in each administration group were improved to varying degrees.Huayu Xiaopi Decoction improved significantly in medium and high doses(P<0.05),the gastric mucosa was repaired in different degrees,the glandular arrangement tended to be orderly,and the inflammatory cells in the interstitial were gradually reduced.The results of network pharmacology and molecular docking showed that TP53,JUN and MAPK3/1(ERK1/2)were the core targets of Huayu Xiaopi decoction in the intervention of PLGC.Molecular biological detection results showed that compared with blank group,the protein phosphorylation levels of TP53,c-Jun and ERK1/2 in gastric tissue of model group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the protein phosphorylation levels of TP53,c-Jun and ERK1/2 in gastric tissue of rats in all administration groups were decreased to different degrees,and significantly decreased in Huayu Xiaopi decoction high-dose and medium-dose groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Huayu Xiaopi Decoction can significantly improve the survival condition of PLGC rats and promote gastric mucosal repair,the specific mechanism of which may be related to the decrease of ERK1/2,c-Jun and TP53 protein phosphorylation levels in gastric tissue of PLGC rats,and then regulate the downstream signaling molecular response.

Objective:To analyze the factors affecting delayed chemotherapy in children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and their influence on prognosis.Methods:Retrospective cohort study. Clinical data of 591 children aged ≤18 years with BL from May 2017 to December 2022 in China Net Childhood Lymphoma (CNCL) was collected. The patients were treated according to the protocol CNCL-BL-2017. According to the clinical characteristics, therapeutic regimen was divided into group A, group B and group C .Based on whether the total chemotherapy time was delayed, patients were divided into two groups: the delayed chemotherapy group and the non-delayed chemotherapy group. Based on the total delayed time of chemotherapy, patients in group C were divided into non-delayed chemotherapy group, 1-7 days delayed group and more than 7 days delayed group. Relationships between delayed chemotherapy and gender, age, tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy, bone marrow involvement, disease group (B/C group), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 4 times than normal, grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy, minimal residual disease in the interim assessment, and severe infection (including severe pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, chickenpox, etc.) were analyzed. Logistic analysis was used to identify the relevant factors. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the patients' survival information. Log-Rank was used for comparison between groups.Results:Among 591 patients, 504 were males and 87 were females, the follow-up time was 34.8 (18.6,50.1) months. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was (92.5±1.1)%,and the 3-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was (90.5±1.2)%. Seventy-three (12.4%) patients were in delayed chemotherapy group and 518 (87.6%) patients were in non-delayed chemotherapy group. The reasons for chemotherapy delay included 72 cases (98.6%) of severe infection, 65 cases (89.0%) of bone marrow suppression, 35 cases (47.9%) of organ dysfunction, 22 cases (30.1%) of tumor lysis syndrome,etc. There were 7 cases of chemotherapy delay in group B, which were seen in COPADM (vincristine+cyclophosphamide+prednisone+daunorubicin+methotrexate+intrathecal injection,4 cases) and CYM (methotrexate+cytarabine+intrathecal injection,3 cases) stages. There were 66 cases of chemotherapy delay in group C, which were common in COPADM (28 cases) and CYVE 1 (low dose cytarabine+high dose cytarabine+etoposide+methotrexate, 12 cases) stages. Multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that the age over 10 years old ( OR=0.54,95% CI 0.30-0.93), tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy ( OR=0.48,95% CI 0.27-0.84) and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy ( OR=0.55,95% CI 0.33-0.91)were independent risk factors for chemotherapy delay.The 3-year OS rate and the 3-year EFS rate of children with Burkitt lymphoma in the delayed chemotherapy group were lower than those in the non-delayed chemotherapy group ((79.4±4.9)% vs. (94.2±1.1)%, (80.2±4.8)% vs. (92.0±1.2)%,both P<0.05). The 3-year OS rate of the group C with chemotherapy delay >7 days (42 cases) was lower than that of the group with chemotherapy delay of 1-7 days (22 cases) and the non-delay group (399 cases) ((76.7±6.9)% vs. (81.8±8.2)% vs. (92.7±1.3)%, P=0.002).The 3-year OS rate of the chemotherapy delay group (9 cases) in the COP (vincristine+cyclophosphamide+prednisone) phase was lower than that of the non-chemotherapy delay group (454 cases) ((66.7±15.7)% vs. (91.3±1.4)%, P=0.005). Similarly, the 3-year OS rate of the chemotherapy delay group (11 cases) in the COPADM1 phase was lower than that of the non-chemotherapy delay group (452 cases) ((63.6±14.5)% vs. (91.5±1.3)%, P=0.001). Conclusions:The delayed chemotherapy was related to the age over 10 years old, tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy in pediatric BL. There is a significant relationship between delayed chemotherapy and prognosis of BL in children.

Objective:To analyze the surveillance data of population in rabies exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) clinics in Shandong province from 2019 to 2023, explore risk factors for exposure, and provide a basis for further standardizing PEP.Methods:Based on surveillance data from the rabies exposure treatment clinic vaccination information system, population, and spatial administrative division data in Shandong province from 2019 to 2023, descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze using SPSS 18.0.Results:The number of individuals receiving post-exposure treatment at PEP clinics in Shandong province from 2019 to 2023 was over 1 million annually and showed an increasing trend year by year, with the highest number of visits occurring from May to August each year. The number of female patients is increasing year by year. The 15-year-old and younger age group accounted for 31.69%-36.86% of clinic visits. Grade Ⅲ exposures accounted for 53.40%, and limbs accounted for approximately 89.81% of exposed areas. Approximately 1.94% is multi site exposure. The main injuring animals were dogs, followed by cats, and the proportion of cats is increasing year by year. The proportion of doctor′s office visitors who self-treated wounds increased from 32.32% to 45.46%, while the proportion of outpatient wound treatment decreased from 76.07% to 66.24%. The whole course vaccination rate after initial exposure is 63.79%. The whole course vaccination rate for the 15-29-year-old age group was lower than that for other age groups. The usage rate of passive immune preparations among grade Ⅲ exposed individuals is 35.66%. From 2019 to 2023, 8 cases of rabies were reported, none of whom received standard post-exposure treatment.Conclusions:The epidemic characteristics and exposure risk of people exposed to suspected rabies animals in Shandong province have changed. It is necessary to pay attention to the female population, the population with low vaccination rate between 15 to 29 years of age, cat bitten people, and carry out continuous monitoring on the exposed population, and timely adjust the prevention and control strategies.