Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is susceptible to opportunistic infection due to immune dysfunction and immunomodulatory drug therapy, which results in complex condition, and the infection of herpes virus is common. Timely screening of herpes virus infection has an important significance to rational selection of antiviral therapy and/or withdrawal of immunomodulators. This artical systematically summarizes the diagnosis and treatment strategies of IBD complicated with eight types of herpes virus infection, in order to provide references for clinical work.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is susceptible to opportunistic infection due to immune dysfunction and immunomodulatory drug therapy, which results in complex condition, and the infection of herpes virus is common. Timely screening of herpes virus infection has an important significance to rational selection of antiviral therapy and/or withdrawal of immunomodulators. This artical systematically summarizes the diagnosis and treatment strategies of IBD complicated with eight types of herpes virus infection, in order to provide references for clinical work.

Both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatic immune diseases have abnormal immune response. Genome-wide association studies have found that there is genetic overlap between IBD and certain rheumatic immune diseases, suggesting that there may be a common pathogenesis. The risk of rheumatic immune disease in IBD patients is higher than that of normal population, which brings challenges for diagnosis and treatment. When IBD patients are complicated with rheumatic immune diseases including spinal arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sj?gren′s syndrome, vasculitis and systemic sclerosis, the diagnosis should be comprehensive and the treatment should be specific. Drugs that can cover the two diseases should be selected as far as possible, or individualized treatment should be carried out according to the severity and activity of the two diseases.It is suggested to avoid drugs that treat one disease but increase the risk of another. Therefore, gastroenterologists should cooperate with rheumatologists, and adopt multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment mode to formulate the best treatment plan for patients. This paper summarizes the diagnosis and treatment strategies of IBD complicated with common rheumatic immune diseases, in order to provide references for clinical work.

Both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatic immune diseases have abnormal immune response. Genome-wide association studies have found that there is genetic overlap between IBD and certain rheumatic immune diseases, suggesting that there may be a common pathogenesis. The risk of rheumatic immune disease in IBD patients is higher than that of normal population, which brings challenges for diagnosis and treatment. When IBD patients are complicated with rheumatic immune diseases including spinal arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sj?gren′s syndrome, vasculitis and systemic sclerosis, the diagnosis should be comprehensive and the treatment should be specific. Drugs that can cover the two diseases should be selected as far as possible, or individualized treatment should be carried out according to the severity and activity of the two diseases.It is suggested to avoid drugs that treat one disease but increase the risk of another. Therefore, gastroenterologists should cooperate with rheumatologists, and adopt multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment mode to formulate the best treatment plan for patients. This paper summarizes the diagnosis and treatment strategies of IBD complicated with common rheumatic immune diseases, in order to provide references for clinical work.

Objective:To analyze the long-term efficacy and safety of thalidomide on refractory Crohn′s disease (CD).Methods:A total of 79 patients with refractory CD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University treated with thalidomide were enrolled in this retrospective study from September 2005 to July 2018. Clinical effects and adverse drug reactions were recorded and assessed.Results:In this cohort,69 patients were treated with thalidomide for ≥6 months. Sixty-eight patients among the 69 patients achieved complete clinical remission and were followed up for a median 33.5 months (range, 7-110 months). Seventeen cases relapsed during follow-up. The cumulative probabilities of remaining in remission at 12, 24, 60 months were 88.6% (95% CI 80.6%-96.6%), 80.7% (95% CI 70.3%-91.1%), 53.7% (95% CI 32.1%-75.3%) respectively. Disease activity was the only variable associated with relapse risk, with a hazard ratio ( HR) of 3.559 for Crohn′s disease activity index (CDAI) ≥220(95% CI 1.213-10.449, P<0.05). Adverse reactions were recorded in 42 (53.2%) patients including12 (15.2%) leading to discontinuation of thalidomide. No serious side effects were observed in all subjects. Conclusions:This study suggests a long-term benefit of maintenance treatment with thalidomide in refractory CD.Moderate to severe patients have an increased risk of relapse. The high incidence of drug adverse reactions may restrain the clinical application of thalidomide.