ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Notoginsenoside R1 （NGR1） ameliorates hypoxia/reoxygenation （H/R）-induced injury in AC16 human cardiomyocyte cell lines through the regulation of mitophagy. MethodsCommon genes linked to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and mitophagy were identified by intersecting data from GeneCards and MitoCarta databases. AC16 cell viability was assessed via CCK-8 assay under varying NGR1 concentrations （0， 6.25， 12.5， 25， 50， 100， 200， 300， 400， 500 μmol/L）. AC16 cells were divided into the following groups： control group （Control）， model group （H/R）， and treatment groups （H/R + NGR1 at 100， 200 and 300 μmol/L）. Mitochondrial membrane potential （ΔΨm） was measured using 5，5'，6，6'-tetrachloro-1，1'，3，3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide （JC-1） staining. Transcriptional levels of mitophagy-related genes （Parkin， Pink1， P62） were quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR （RT-qPCR）. Protein expression of mitophagy-related markers （Parkin， Pink1， P62， and LC3BⅡ） was evaluated via Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was visualized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. ResultsCompared to the control group， cell viability in the H/R group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Treatment with NGR1 at concentrations above 100 μmol/L significantly enhanced the cell viability of AC16 cells compared to the H/R group （P<0.01）. H/R induced a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential （P<0.01）， which was restored by NGR1 treatment （P<0.01）. The mRNA levels of Parkin， Pink1， and P62 in the H/R group were upregulated compared to the control group （P<0.05）， while NGR1 intervention downregulated their expression （P<0.05）. Protein expression levels of Parkin， Pink1， and LC3BⅡ in the H/R group significantly increased， while P62 expression decreased compared to the control group （P<0.01）. In contrast， different doses of NGR1 treatment significantly reduced the expression of Parkin， Pink1， and LC3BⅡ while increasing P62 expression （P<0.05）. TEM revealed that the mitochondrial structure in the H/R group was severely disrupted， with fragmented and disorganized cristae， which was alleviated by NGR1. ConclusionNGR1 ameliorates H/R-induced AC16 cell injury， and its mechanism may be associated with modulating the Pink1/Parkin pathway to suppress excessive mitophagy.

Enteric human adenovirus(HAdV),a common cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in children,frequently triggers spo-radic infections,nosocomial transmissions,and outbreaks in kindergarten settings.This study was aimed at investigating the molecular characteristics and genetic evolution of enteric HAdV among patients with acute gastroenteritis younger than 5 years in China,to pro-vide foundational data for disease prevention and control.A total of 8 074 stool samples were collected from hospitalized or outpatient children younger than 5 years with acute gastroenteritis in China during 2023.HAdV screening was conducted with real-time fluores-cence PCR.Positive samples were sequenced,then subjected to bioinformatics analysis including genotyping,homology assessment,and phylogenetic analysis with GenBank,BioAider,and MEGA11.0.A total of 370 samples(4.58%)tested positive for HAdV.Two enteric HAdV genotypes were identified:HAdV-F41(which predominated,at 98.09%)and HAdV-F40(1.90%).HAdV-F41 was the dominant genotype among patients with acute gastroenteritis younger than 5 years in China.Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the predominant HAdV lineages in China were lineage 1 and 2,whereas European lineage 3 showed no influence.Systematic and long-term surveillance of HAdV should help elucidate its diversity and evolutionary patterns in China,thereby providing scientific evi-dence for developing more effective prevention strategies.

This study investigated the full-genome molecular characteristics of a rotavirus vaccine-derived strain,G1P[8]geno-type A group rotavirus RVA/Human-wt/CHN/HN1140/2021/G1P[8](referred to as HN1140).The gene fragments of the HN1140 strain were amplified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)combined with whole-genome primers to obtain the full genome sequence.Genotyping was performed with the online genotyping tool RotaC 2.0,and similarity and genetic evolution analyses for each gene segment were conducted in DNAstar5.1 and MEGA11.0 software.The genotype of the HN1140 strain was deter-mined to be G1-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3.Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all 11 genomic segments clus-tered closely with the RotaTeq vaccine strains,sharing 99.7%-100%nucleotide sequence similarity.Notably,VP1,VP2,VP6,and NSP2-NSP5 segments showed 100%nucleotide identity with RotaTeq strains.Comparative genomic analysis identified 13 nucleotide and 8 amino acid substitutions between HN1140 and RotaTeq strains,localized within the VP7,VP4,VP1,VP2,VP3,and NSP1 segments.The HN1140 strain exhibited the genotype G1-P[8]-A3-T6-H3,which was consistent with the typical profile of a vaccine-derived reassortant.This strain demonstrated high genetic similarity to RotaTeq vaccine strains,with nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 99.7%to 100%.These findings suggested that HN1140 evolved from RotaTeq vaccine strains through genetic reassortment.

Enteric human adenovirus(HAdV),a common cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in children,frequently triggers spo-radic infections,nosocomial transmissions,and outbreaks in kindergarten settings.This study was aimed at investigating the molecular characteristics and genetic evolution of enteric HAdV among patients with acute gastroenteritis younger than 5 years in China,to pro-vide foundational data for disease prevention and control.A total of 8 074 stool samples were collected from hospitalized or outpatient children younger than 5 years with acute gastroenteritis in China during 2023.HAdV screening was conducted with real-time fluores-cence PCR.Positive samples were sequenced,then subjected to bioinformatics analysis including genotyping,homology assessment,and phylogenetic analysis with GenBank,BioAider,and MEGA11.0.A total of 370 samples(4.58%)tested positive for HAdV.Two enteric HAdV genotypes were identified:HAdV-F41(which predominated,at 98.09%)and HAdV-F40(1.90%).HAdV-F41 was the dominant genotype among patients with acute gastroenteritis younger than 5 years in China.Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the predominant HAdV lineages in China were lineage 1 and 2,whereas European lineage 3 showed no influence.Systematic and long-term surveillance of HAdV should help elucidate its diversity and evolutionary patterns in China,thereby providing scientific evi-dence for developing more effective prevention strategies.

This study investigated the full-genome molecular characteristics of a rotavirus vaccine-derived strain,G1P[8]geno-type A group rotavirus RVA/Human-wt/CHN/HN1140/2021/G1P[8](referred to as HN1140).The gene fragments of the HN1140 strain were amplified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)combined with whole-genome primers to obtain the full genome sequence.Genotyping was performed with the online genotyping tool RotaC 2.0,and similarity and genetic evolution analyses for each gene segment were conducted in DNAstar5.1 and MEGA11.0 software.The genotype of the HN1140 strain was deter-mined to be G1-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3.Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all 11 genomic segments clus-tered closely with the RotaTeq vaccine strains,sharing 99.7%-100%nucleotide sequence similarity.Notably,VP1,VP2,VP6,and NSP2-NSP5 segments showed 100%nucleotide identity with RotaTeq strains.Comparative genomic analysis identified 13 nucleotide and 8 amino acid substitutions between HN1140 and RotaTeq strains,localized within the VP7,VP4,VP1,VP2,VP3,and NSP1 segments.The HN1140 strain exhibited the genotype G1-P[8]-A3-T6-H3,which was consistent with the typical profile of a vaccine-derived reassortant.This strain demonstrated high genetic similarity to RotaTeq vaccine strains,with nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 99.7%to 100%.These findings suggested that HN1140 evolved from RotaTeq vaccine strains through genetic reassortment.

Objective:To determine the content of the released nickel ion through the 7 extraction media to extract the Ni-Ti wires and to plot the curve of the released nickel ion so as to identify a leaching medium that can be substituted for blood for in vitro Ni release evaluation. Methods:The release of Ni through microwave digestion/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the goat serum was determined. Because of the high content of Ni release, it could be determined by diluting the extraction medium, and other extraction media could be determined directly. Ni release standard curves were plotted by the release amount and different time point variables. Though the different extraction media Ni release curves confirm the specificity of extraction media instead of blood.Results:By analyzing the Ni release curves of seven leaching media, it was found that none of these seven extraction media was suitable for the evaluation of Ni release in in vitro leaching media. Considering the safety of the leaching medium and the simplicity of preparation, hydrochloric acid solution was chosen as the leaching medium, but the concentration needed to be diluted accordingly. Finally, a hydrochloric acid solution was created as an alternative to blood for the in vitro study of Ni release from Ni-Ti alloy cardiovascular products, with a volume fraction of 0.005%. Conclusions:The in vitro leaching medium that can replace blood was found to be hydrochloric acid for the time being, but its concentration was too high, resulting in too much Ni release as well, which deviated from the actual situation. Therefore, the hydrochloric acid solution was diluted step by step, and the Ni release curve was examined until it was close to the clinical release level, and the actual concentration was determined, thus laying a solid foundation for the subsequent evaluation of the safety and risk.

Objective To summarize the manifestation of pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis by ultrasound and discuss the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Methods The ultrasonic appearances of 31 cases of pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis confirmed by clinics and pathology were reviewed and analyzed. Results Nineteen of 31 cases were observed in association with eosinophilic infiltration of other organs which were diagnosed as idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.Eosinophilic cystitis was the most common among the complications(89.4%,17/19).Twelve of 31 cases were diagnosed as eosinophilic gastroenteritis without complications.The endoscopic appearances of eosinophilic gastroenteritis were nonspecific which include erythematous,hyperemia edema,and partiality erosion changes.Endoscopy demonstrates increased numbers of eosinophils in the propria of stomach and the duodenum.Ultrasound features of the gastroenteritis appeared diffuse or the parts of gastrointestinal tract.The most common sites of eosinophilic gastroenteritis were the stomach and duodenum.Involvement of muscle layer and serosal layer showed wall thickening of cyclic annular and uniformity.Ultrasound might show nodular or irregular thickening of the folds in the gastric antrum when the submucosa were thickening.The mucosal layer involvement was not easy to be found by ultrasound.The echo of serous layer and submucosa associated with the disease stage.The thickening of surrounding omentum and mesenteric tissue,echo enhancement and nonspecific hyperplastic mesenteric lymph nodes infiltrated with eosinophils might be present.Eosinophilic ascites could often be detected.Conclusions Ultrasound has obvious advantages in the diagnosis of pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis,and the ultrasonic changes of pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis are characterized.Ultrasonography can provide the possible diagnosis when combined with inflammatory of other organs,especially cystitis inflammatory changes.