ObjectiveTo explore the changes in color， odor and chemical components during wine-processing of Chuanxiong Rhizoma（CR）， identify differential markers， and provide a basis for standardizing the process and establishing quality standards. MethodsFifteen batches of CR samples from 4 producing areas were collected. Colorimeter and electronic nose were used to detect the color changes and odor components of CR before and after wine-processing. Multivariate statistical methods including partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）， principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor analysis（DFA） and Fisher discriminant analysis were applied to identify wine-processed CR at different processing stages and establish discriminant models， and differential components were screened out based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value1. Then， high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was employed to detect the content changes of four components（ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide A and ligustilide） during the processing stages. ResultsThe differences of wine-processed CR at various stages were primarily reflected in color parameters L^*（brightness value）， a^*（red-green value） and b^*（yellow-blue value）. Based on chromaticity differences， the color reference ranges were established for moderately processed CR， including L^* of 46.75-48.24， a^* of 5.37-6.07 and b^* of 20.32-21.70. In odor analysis， DFA revealed significant differences among processing stages， and 11 odor markers were identified， with four differential markers（4-hydroxy-3-butylphthalide， isopropyl butyrate， L-limonene and 1-methoxyhexane） based on VIP values. HPLC results showed that there was no significant difference of the four components except for ligustilide in wine-processed CR at different stages. ConclusionThis study achieved rapid identification of wine-processed CR with different processing degrees by electronic sensory technology and differential component content detection， with discrimination accuracy rates of 92.4% and 93.272% for color and odor， respectively. This paper also established the reference ranges of main colorimetric parameters for wine-processed CR at different stages， and four differential components were screened out， providing a basis for standardizing the processing of wine-processed CR and establishing quality standards for this decoction pieces.

ObjectiveTo explore the changes in color， odor and chemical components during wine-processing of Chuanxiong Rhizoma（CR）， identify differential markers， and provide a basis for standardizing the process and establishing quality standards. MethodsFifteen batches of CR samples from 4 producing areas were collected. Colorimeter and electronic nose were used to detect the color changes and odor components of CR before and after wine-processing. Multivariate statistical methods including partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）， principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor analysis（DFA） and Fisher discriminant analysis were applied to identify wine-processed CR at different processing stages and establish discriminant models， and differential components were screened out based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value1. Then， high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was employed to detect the content changes of four components（ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide A and ligustilide） during the processing stages. ResultsThe differences of wine-processed CR at various stages were primarily reflected in color parameters L^*（brightness value）， a^*（red-green value） and b^*（yellow-blue value）. Based on chromaticity differences， the color reference ranges were established for moderately processed CR， including L^* of 46.75-48.24， a^* of 5.37-6.07 and b^* of 20.32-21.70. In odor analysis， DFA revealed significant differences among processing stages， and 11 odor markers were identified， with four differential markers（4-hydroxy-3-butylphthalide， isopropyl butyrate， L-limonene and 1-methoxyhexane） based on VIP values. HPLC results showed that there was no significant difference of the four components except for ligustilide in wine-processed CR at different stages. ConclusionThis study achieved rapid identification of wine-processed CR with different processing degrees by electronic sensory technology and differential component content detection， with discrimination accuracy rates of 92.4% and 93.272% for color and odor， respectively. This paper also established the reference ranges of main colorimetric parameters for wine-processed CR at different stages， and four differential components were screened out， providing a basis for standardizing the processing of wine-processed CR and establishing quality standards for this decoction pieces.

Objective To investigate the regulatory mechanism of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in different types of mitral valvular disease (MVD) with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods From August 2011 to August 2012, patients with moderate to severe MVD accompanied by AF who required mitral valve replacement at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, were included. Based on echocardiographic results, patients were divided into two groups: a mitral regurgitation (MR) with AF (MR-AF) group and a mitral stenosis (MS) with AF (MS-AF) group. Left atrial tissue samples were collected during surgery. Techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting were used to detect key molecules in the TGF-β1/JNK pathway. Results Sixteen patients were enrolled. There were 8 patients in the MR-AF group, including 5 males and 3 females, with an average age of (41.38±11.19) years; and 8 patients in the MS-AF group, including 6 males and 2 females, with an average age of (43.12±5.30) years. The left atrial volume load was higher in MR-AF patients, while the left atrial pressure load was higher in MS-AF patients. In MS-AF patients, the relative expression levels of MAPK9, JUN, CASP3, BAX, and BCL2 mRNA in left atrial tissues were significantly upregulated. The serum TGF-β1 protein level and the relative expression levels of p-JNK, p-c-Jun, and Caspase-3 proteins in the left atrial tissues of the MR-AF group were higher. Myocardial cell damage was more severe in the MS-AF group, and the protein expression level of Bcl-2 was higher. Conclusion Different MVD have distinct hemodynamic characteristics. The myocardium of the left atrium in MR-AF patients is more prone to apoptosis, possibly through the activation of the TGF-β1/JNK signaling pathway.

Objective: To understand the association of physical exercise willingness and insomnia with depressive symptoms among college students, so as to provide reference for improving depressive symptoms of college students. Methods: From October 2022 to April 2023, cluster sampling was used to recruit 11 101 college students from four colleges in Anhui Province. The questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the willingness to engage in physical exercise, insomnia and depressive symptoms of college students. The multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of physical exercise willingness and insomnia with depressive symptoms of college students. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among college students was 9.24%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that college students who were passive participants/non participants in physical activity, or who experienced insomnia, had a higher likelihood of depressive symptoms compared to those who were active participants or did not experience insomnia ( OR =1.84, 2.07, 4.02, all P <0.01). College students who were passive participants or non participants in physical activity and concurrently experienced insomnia had a higher risk of depressive symptoms compared with those who were active participants or did not experience insomnia ( OR =1.87-8.39, all P <0.01). Gender stratified analysis showed that the combined effect of passive physical exercise and insomnia increased the risk of depressive symptoms in both male ( OR = 1.81 -9.87) and female college students ( OR =1.67-7.39) (all P <0.05). Conclusions Both physical exercise willingness and insomnia are associated with depressive symptoms in college students. In order to improve the depressive symptoms of college students, it is necessary to improve the enthusiasm of physical exercise and strengthen the education of sleep health awareness.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is currently the most prevalent malignancy and the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although the early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a relatively good prognosis, a considerable number of lung cancer cases are still detected and diagnosed at locally advanced or late stages. Surgical treatment combined with perioperative multimodality treatment is the mainstay of treatment for locally advanced NSCLC and has been shown to improve patient survival. Following the standard methods of neoadjuvant therapy, perioperative management, postoperative adjuvant therapy, and other therapeutic strategies are important for improving patients' prognosis and quality of life. However, controversies remain over the perioperative management of NSCLC and presently consensus and standardized guidelines are lacking for addressing critical clinical issues in multimodality treatment. METHODS: The working group consisted of 125 multidisciplinary experts from thoracic surgery, medical oncology, radiotherapy, epidemiology, and psychology. This guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The clinical questions were collected and selected based on preliminary open-ended questionnaires and subsequent discussions during the Guideline Working Group meetings. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for available evidence. The GRADE system was used to evaluate the quality of evidence and grade the strengths of recommendations. Finally, the recommendations were developed through a structured consensus-building process. RESULTS: The Guideline Development Group initially collected a total of 62 important clinical questions. After a series of consensus-building conferences, 24 clinical questions were identified and corresponding recommendations were ultimately developed, focusing on neoadjuvant therapy, perioperative management, adjuvant therapy, postoperative psychological rehabilitation, prognosis assement, and follow-up protocols for NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS This guideline puts forward reasonable recommendations focusing on neoadjuvant therapy, perioperative management, adjuvant therapy, postoperative psychological rehabilitation, prognosis assessment, and follow-up protocol of NSCLC. It standardizes perioperative multimodality treatment and provides guidance for clinical practice among thoracic surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiotherapists, aiming to reduce postoperative recurrence, improve patient survival, accelerate recovery, and minimize postoperative complications such as atelectasis.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Perioperative Care

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, computational pathology has been seamlessly integrated into the entire clinical workflow, which encompasses diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and biomarker discovery. This integration has significantly enhanced clinical accuracy and efficiency while reducing the workload for clinicians. Traditionally, research in this field has depended on the collection and labeling of large datasets for specific tasks, followed by the development of task-specific computational pathology models. However, this approach is labor intensive and does not scale efficiently for open-set identification or rare diseases. Given the diversity of clinical tasks, training individual models from scratch to address the whole spectrum of clinical tasks in the pathology workflow is impractical, which highlights the urgent need to transition from task-specific models to foundation models (FMs). In recent years, pathological FMs have proliferated. These FMs can be classified into three categories, namely, pathology image FMs, pathology image-text FMs, and pathology image-gene FMs, each of which results in distinct functionalities and application scenarios. This review provides an overview of the latest research advancements in pathological FMs, with a particular emphasis on their applications in oncology. The key challenges and opportunities presented by pathological FMs in precision oncology are also explored.
Humans ; Precision Medicine/methods* ; Medical Oncology/methods* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; Computational Biology/methods*

Speech imagery is an emerging brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm with potential to provide effective communication for individuals with speech impairments. This study designed a Chinese speech imagery paradigm using three clinically relevant words-"Help me", "Sit up" and "Turn over"-and collected electroencephalography (EEG) data from 15 healthy subjects. Based on the data, a Channel Attention Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network (CAM-Net) decoding algorithm was proposed, which combined multi-scale temporal convolutions with asymmetric spatial convolutions to extract multidimensional EEG features, and incorporated a channel attention mechanism along with a bidirectional long short-term memory network to perform channel weighting and capture temporal dependencies. Experimental results showed that CAM-Net achieved a classification accuracy of 48.54% in the three-class task, outperforming baseline models such as EEGNet and Deep ConvNet, and reached a highest accuracy of 64.17% in the binary classification between "Sit up" and "Turn over". This work provides a promising approach for future Chinese speech imagery BCI research and applications.
Humans ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Speech/physiology* ; Algorithms ; Male ; Adult ; Imagination

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of self-medication behaviors and the demand preferences for pharmaceutical services among residents in Xining， providing a basis for developing pharmaceutical service intervention strategies tailored to regional characteristics. METHODS A self-designed questionnaire， developed based on literature review and revised after expert panel discussion and a pre-survey， was used to conduct anonymous surveys among residents purchasing medicines at 12 retail pharmacies in Xining area from April 2023 to April 2024. Descriptive analysis， Chi-square test， and Spearman correlation analysis were employed to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of residents’ self-medication behaviors， and pharmaceutical service needs. RESULTS A total of 859 valid questionnaires were collected， with 605 respondents （70.43%） reporting self-medication behaviors. The primary reason for self-medication was mild symptoms （46.94%）. The main conditions treated were gastrointestinal discomfort （38.51%） and cold， fever， headache （35.37%）. Chinese patent medicines were the most commonly used （58.68%）. Drug selection relied mainly on recommendations by pharmacy staff （52.07%）， and retail pharmacies were the primary source of medicines （65.95%）. Dosage and administration were determined primarily by referring to the drug package insert （67.27%）， while a minority relied on personal experience （9.92%）. Notably， 20.33% of respondents never read the package insert before medication， with a higher tendency observed among ethnic minorities， farmers， and individuals with chronic diseases （P＜0.05）. While 65.29% of respondents reported partially understanding the insert content， those aged ≥60 years， ethnic minorities， and individuals with chronic diseases qhsrmyy-28） were more likely to report being completely unable to understand it （P＜0.05）. Self-medication was “often effective” for 52.73% of respondents， whereas 7.77%“ often experienced adverse drug reactions”； farmers were more prone to poor efficacy or adverse reactions （P＜0.05）. A majority （72.89%） of respondents residents believed it necessary to learn about self- medication knowledge， and 47.11% preferred to obtain pharmaceutical services through WeChat public accounts or mobile applications （APP）. CONCLUSIONS Self-medication is common among residents in Xining area. Issues such as neglecting to read package inserts and relying on personal experience are evident. It is essential to develop science popularization programs suitable for the characteristics of the local population and utilize digital platforms like WeChat public accounts and APP to disseminate self- medication knowledge， thereby enhancing residents’ awareness and capacity for rational medication use.

Objective To compare the efficacy and tolerability of the novel bowel-cleansing agent TCIC-001 and the traditional polyethylene glycol (PEG) regimen for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. Methods Prospective inclusion of 62 patients who were scheduled to undergo colonoscopy at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from July 2021 to July 2022. They were randomly divided into TCIC-001 group (n=31) and PEG group (n=31) using a random number table method. The TCIC-001 group took TCIC-001 orally, drinking water in stages, with a total liquid intake of 1 500 mL; the PEG group took PEG orally, taking it in 4 doses, with a total liquid intake of 3 000 mL. The primary endpoint indicator is the quality of intestinal hygiene evaluated by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), the secondary endpoint indicators were medication adherence, medication duration, frequency of bowel movements, duration of bowel movements, and incidence of adverse events between two groups. Results No significant differences were observed in sex, age, or defecation frequency between the two groups. For efficacy, both groups achieved equivalent bowel cleanliness, with a “good preparation” rate of 93.55% and comparable BBPS score of each intestinal segment and total scores. For tolerability, the TCIC-001 group had a shorter medication duration compared to the PEG group ([48.8±25.9] min vs [82.8±28.4] min, P<0.001), a longer defecation duration ([288.6±74.0] min vs [236.5±74.3] min, P<0.001), and a lower incidence of first defecation before medication completion (9.68% vs 41.94%, P=0.004). Regarding safety, no significant differences were observed between the TCIC-001 group and the PEG group in incidences of chloride disturbances (0% vs 9.68%) and calcium disturbances (3.23% vs 6.45%), and no other adverse events. Conclusions TCIC-001 demonstrated comparable bowel-cleansing efficacy to PEG while significantly improving tolerability (reduced medication time and lower risk of premature defecation) and maintaining favorable safety.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of RNA-Specific adenosine deaminase 3 (Adar3) in regulating macrophage polarization during Coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)-induced viral myocarditis (VM). Methods Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from mice were cultured in vitro and induced into M1/M2 macrophages using interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin 4 (IL-4), respectively. The mRNA expression levels of Adar1, Adar2, and Adar3 in each group of cells were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Specific siRNAs targeting the Adar3 gene were designed, synthesized, and transiently transfected into M2 macrophages. The mRNA levels of M2 polarization-related marker genes-including arginase 1 (Arg1), chitinase 3-like molecule 3 (YM1/Chi3l3), and resistin-like molecule alpha (RELMα/FIZZ1)-were detected by qRT-PCR. RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the signaling pathways affected by Adar3. The expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were further validated using qRT-PCR and Western blot. The adeno-associated virus overexpressing Adar3 was designed, synthesized, and injected into mice via tail vein. Three weeks later, a myocarditis mouse model was established. After an additional week, the phenotype and function of cardiac macrophages, as well as multiple indicators of VM (including echocardiography, body weight, histopathology and serology) were examined. Additionally, the protein levels of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were assessed. Results Compared to M0-type macrophages, the expression level of Adar3 was significantly increased in M2-type macrophages. After transfection of Adar3 siRNA, the mRNA levels of Arg1, YM1 and FIZZ1 in M2 macrophages were downregulated. RNA sequencing revealed 149 upregulated genes and 349 downregulated genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and subsequent validation experiments indicated that Adar3 modulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Adar3 overexpression alleviated the cardiac dysfunction of VM mice. The proportion of M1 macrophages in the heart decreased, while the proportion of M2 macrophages increased. At the same time, the Adar3 overexpression activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion Adar3 promotes macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby alleviating VM.
Animals ; Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism* ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics* ; Myocarditis/immunology* ; Mice ; Coxsackievirus Infections/metabolism* ; Male ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Enterovirus B, Human/physiology* ; beta Catenin/genetics*