Objective: To assess the nutritional supply status of school meals for primary and secondary school students in Henan Province, so as to provide a basis for scientific guidance of school meals. Methods: During 2021-2023, 115 lunch and dinner samples were collected from 25 primary and secondary schools in Zhoukou, Anyang and Luoyang of Henan Province by a direct selection method, and 13 nutrients were determined for each sample. The nutrient supply was evaluated based on Nutrition Guidelines of School Meals and Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Chinese Residents (2023 Edition). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences of nutritional supply between urban and rural schools. Results: The median values for energy (709.77 kcal,1 kcal=4.18 kJ), fat energy supply ratio (0.27) and carbohydrate energy supply ratio (0.55) in the 66 lunches and dinners from primary school were within the recommended range. The supply of protein (28.39 g) and sodium (1 464.59 mg) was excessive. The median values of zinc (2.62 mg) and dietary fiber (5.19 g) were lower than the reference values. No statistically significant differences were observed in the supply of 13 nutrients between urban and rural primary schools( U = 427.00 -633.00, P > 0.05 ). Among 49 samples from secondary schools, the median value of energy supply (930.02 kcal), carbohydrate energy ratio ( 0.54 ) and fat energy supply ratio(0.25) were within the recommended range; and the median values of protein (38.82 g) and sodium (2 556.80 mg) were higher than the standard; and the median values of calcium (250.32 mg) and vitamin B1 (0.16 mg) were lower than the standard. Additionally, the differences in the level of vitamin B2 ( U =372.00) and zinc ( U =375.00) between the urban and rural secondary schools were statistically significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion Nutrient supply of primary and secondary school meals in three cities of Henan Province is inadequate and imbalanced, and the recipe need to be further optimized and improved.

Given the escalating number of cancer patients and the consequent rise in demand for radiation therapy in China, there is an urgent need to establish and improve a talent cultivation system for radiation dosimetrists. The United States, with an early-established cultivation system for radiation dosimetrists, boasts relatively mature and comprehensive systems of academic education and qualification certification. This study summarized and analyzed the educational and certification patterns for radiation dosimetrists in the United States based on public data from relevant institutions, related literature, and interviews with American radiation dosimetrists. Meanwhile, this study delved into and assessed the shortcomings in China′s radiation dosimetry education, examination, certification, and career advancement pathways. Furthermore, this study offered suggestions and recommendations for constructing a novel pattern tailored to the cultivation of radiation dosimetrists in China, in order to facilitate the high-quality development of the medical dosimetry discipline.

Medical physicists play an important role in radiodiagnosis, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine practices. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) suggests that medical physicists should be trained and achieve professional certifications. Many developed countries/regions have established comprehensive examination and certification programs for medical physicists. However, these systems are yet to be improved in China. This leads to a lack of control over the professional competence and practice standards in the workforce, posing a negative impact on the quality and safety of China’s clinical services in radiation medicine. The International Medical Physics Certification Board (IMPCB) is aimed at accrediting national/regional medical physics certification programs and providing certification of individual medical physicists in countries/regions lacking such certification programs. This study introduces the procedures and specific method for China’s medical physicists to achieve professional certifications via IMPCB, aiming to help improve their professionalism.

Liver disease is a major global health issue, severely impacting patients' quality of life and life expectancy. Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine demonstrates unique advantages in the field of liver disease treatment. Therefore, this article elaborates on the research progress of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in viral hepatitis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.

Objective:This study aims to investigate sex-specific abnormalities?? in gray matter volume (GMV) in Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their associations with gene expression.Methods:T 1-weighted brain MRI data were collected at the MRI Center of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China between 2022 and 2023 from 100 children with ASD and 90 typically developing (TD) children. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to explore GMV differences between ASD boys and TD boys, and between ASD girls and TD girls. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed based on the Allen Human Brain Atlas to identify genes associated with GMV alterations, followed by enrichment analyses. Cell-type-specific expression analyses were used to examine associations across developmental stages and brain structures. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to identify hub proteins. Results:Compared to TD boys, ASD boys showed increased GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, temporal pole, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, cuneus, and precuneus, as well as in the bilateral orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus and the gyrus rectus. Decreased GMV was observed in the cerebellar vermis and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. A total of 635 genes were associated with these GMV alterations, enriched in pathways related to DNA-templated transcription, RNA metabolism and biogenesis, and ion binding. Developmental analysis indicated strong associations with the cerebellum during early, middle-to-late childhood, and adolescence, and with the cerebral cortex in early adulthood. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis highlighted NOB1, GNL3L, ESF1, TFB2M, and WDR75 as specific hub proteins. Compared to TD girls, ASD girls exhibited increased GMV in the right middle and inferior temporal gyri, temporal pole, and fusiform gyrus, and decreased GMV in the cerebellar vermis and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. A total of 765 genes were associated, enriched in pathways related to ion channel activity, signal transduction, and regulation of membrane potential. These genes showed strong associations with the amygdala during mid-to-late fetal development, middle-to-late childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood; with the cerebellum during late infancy, early childhood, and early adulthood; with the cerebral cortex during the mid-to-late fetal development, early neonatal period, and adolescence; with the hippocampus during middle-to-late childhood and adolescence; with the striatum during adolescence and early adulthood; and with the thalamus during early-to-mid fetal development, early neonatal period, and early adulthood. PPI network analysis identified ANK3, ANK1, SCN4B, NFKB1, and PXN as specific hub proteins. Conclusion:Both ASD boys and ASD girls exhibit GMV abnormalities compared with TD controls. The specific genes associated with GMV alterations are enriched in distinct biological pathways in boys and girls. Cell-type-specific expression analyses further revealed sex-dependent differences in developmental timing and brain structural correlations, and distinct PPI networks were constructed for each group.

Given the escalating number of cancer patients and the consequent rise in demand for radiation therapy in China, there is an urgent need to establish and improve a talent cultivation system for radiation dosimetrists. The United States, with an early-established cultivation system for radiation dosimetrists, boasts relatively mature and comprehensive systems of academic education and qualification certification. This study summarized and analyzed the educational and certification patterns for radiation dosimetrists in the United States based on public data from relevant institutions, related literature, and interviews with American radiation dosimetrists. Meanwhile, this study delved into and assessed the shortcomings in China′s radiation dosimetry education, examination, certification, and career advancement pathways. Furthermore, this study offered suggestions and recommendations for constructing a novel pattern tailored to the cultivation of radiation dosimetrists in China, in order to facilitate the high-quality development of the medical dosimetry discipline.

Medical physicists play an important role in radiodiagnosis, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine practices. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) suggests that medical physicists should be trained and achieve professional certifications. Many developed countries/regions have established comprehensive examination and certification programs for medical physicists. However, these systems are yet to be improved in China. This leads to a lack of control over the professional competence and practice standards in the workforce, posing a negative impact on the quality and safety of China’s clinical services in radiation medicine. The International Medical Physics Certification Board (IMPCB) is aimed at accrediting national/regional medical physics certification programs and providing certification of individual medical physicists in countries/regions lacking such certification programs. This study introduces the procedures and specific method for China’s medical physicists to achieve professional certifications via IMPCB, aiming to help improve their professionalism.

Liver disease is a major global health issue, severely impacting patients' quality of life and life expectancy. Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine demonstrates unique advantages in the field of liver disease treatment. Therefore, this article elaborates on the research progress of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in viral hepatitis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.

Objective:This study aims to investigate sex-specific abnormalities?? in gray matter volume (GMV) in Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their associations with gene expression.Methods:T 1-weighted brain MRI data were collected at the MRI Center of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China between 2022 and 2023 from 100 children with ASD and 90 typically developing (TD) children. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to explore GMV differences between ASD boys and TD boys, and between ASD girls and TD girls. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed based on the Allen Human Brain Atlas to identify genes associated with GMV alterations, followed by enrichment analyses. Cell-type-specific expression analyses were used to examine associations across developmental stages and brain structures. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to identify hub proteins. Results:Compared to TD boys, ASD boys showed increased GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, temporal pole, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, cuneus, and precuneus, as well as in the bilateral orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus and the gyrus rectus. Decreased GMV was observed in the cerebellar vermis and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. A total of 635 genes were associated with these GMV alterations, enriched in pathways related to DNA-templated transcription, RNA metabolism and biogenesis, and ion binding. Developmental analysis indicated strong associations with the cerebellum during early, middle-to-late childhood, and adolescence, and with the cerebral cortex in early adulthood. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis highlighted NOB1, GNL3L, ESF1, TFB2M, and WDR75 as specific hub proteins. Compared to TD girls, ASD girls exhibited increased GMV in the right middle and inferior temporal gyri, temporal pole, and fusiform gyrus, and decreased GMV in the cerebellar vermis and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. A total of 765 genes were associated, enriched in pathways related to ion channel activity, signal transduction, and regulation of membrane potential. These genes showed strong associations with the amygdala during mid-to-late fetal development, middle-to-late childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood; with the cerebellum during late infancy, early childhood, and early adulthood; with the cerebral cortex during the mid-to-late fetal development, early neonatal period, and adolescence; with the hippocampus during middle-to-late childhood and adolescence; with the striatum during adolescence and early adulthood; and with the thalamus during early-to-mid fetal development, early neonatal period, and early adulthood. PPI network analysis identified ANK3, ANK1, SCN4B, NFKB1, and PXN as specific hub proteins. Conclusion:Both ASD boys and ASD girls exhibit GMV abnormalities compared with TD controls. The specific genes associated with GMV alterations are enriched in distinct biological pathways in boys and girls. Cell-type-specific expression analyses further revealed sex-dependent differences in developmental timing and brain structural correlations, and distinct PPI networks were constructed for each group.

Purpose: This study examined the diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) features in differentiating between benign and malignant skin lesions. Methods: A total of 1,392 patients with 1,422 skin lesions who underwent HFUS examinations were included in an initial dataset (cohort 1) to identify features indicative of malignancy. Qualitative clinical and HFUS characteristics were recorded for all lesions. To determine which HFUS and clinical features were suggestive of malignancy, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. The diagnostic performance of HFUS features combined with clinical information was evaluated. This assessment was validated using internal data (cohort 2) and multicenter external data (cohort 3). Results: Features significantly associated with malignancy included age above 60 years; lesion location in the head, face, and neck or genital regions; changes in macroscopic appearance; crawling or irregular growth pattern; convex or irregular base; punctate hyperechogenicity; blood flow signals; and feeding arteries. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity of HFUS features combined with clinical information were 0.946, 92.5%, and 86.9% in cohort 1; 0.870, 93.1%, and 80.8% in cohort 2 (610 lesions); and 0.864, 86.2%, and 86.6% in cohort 3 (170 lesions), respectively. However, HFUS is not suitable for evaluating lesions less than 0.1 mm in thickness or lesions exhibiting surface hyperkeratosis. Conclusion In a clinical setting, the integration of HFUS with clinical information exhibited good diagnostic performance in differentiating malignant and benign skin lesions. However, its utility was limited in evaluating extremely thin lesions and those exhibiting hyperkeratosis.