Objective To investigate the mechanism by which hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α and circ-UBE2G1 mutually regulate and promote thyroid cancer(THCA)metastasis under hypoxic microenvironment.Methods The GEPIA database was used to analyze the expression characteristics and correlation between circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α in THCA.The relationship of circ-UBE2G1 and miR-330-3p with survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve.After THCA cells were exposed to hypoxia,HIF-1α was silenced by transfection to analyze its regulation for circ-UBE2G1 transcription.The targeting relationship between miR-330-3p and either circ-UBE2G1 or HIF-1α was verified by sequence prediction and dual luciferase reporter assay.The effects of HIF-1α overexpression and circ-UBE2G1 silencing on THCA cell migration and invasion were analyzed after corresponding transfections.A tumor-bearing nude mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of THCA cells with HIF-1α overexpression and circ-UBE2G1 silencing,respectively.THCA tissues and adjacent normal samples were clinically collected to analyze the expression levels and correlations of circ-UBE2G1,miR-330-3p,and HIF-1α.Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that circ-UBE2G1 was positively correlated with HIF-1α(P<0.01),and its high expression was associated with a low survival rate in THCA patients(P=0.024).Inhibition of HIF-1α blocked the promotive effect of hypoxia on circ-UBE2G1(P<0.05).Silencing circ-UBE2G1 inhibited the migration and invasion of THCA cells(P<0.05),and reversed the promotive effect of HIF-1α on these processes(P<0.05).Dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that miR-330-3p targeted both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α(P<0.05).Silencing circ-UBE2G1 led to increased levels of miR-330-3p(P<0.05),whereas increasing miR-330-3p inhibited the expression of HIF-1α(P<0.05).In clinical THCA samples,both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α were increased and positively correlated(P<0.05),while miR-330-3p was lowly expressed and negatively correlated with both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α(P<0.05).Conclusion Hypoxia promotes the transcription of circ-UBE2G1 by inducing HIF-1α expression,and circ-UBE2G1 promotes HIF-1α expression by targeting miR-330-3p,thereby promoting THCA metastasis.

Tuberculosis,as a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)infection,presenting a serious threat to human and animal health.When human body is infected by MTB,it quickly initiates an immune response,in which T lymphocyte-mediated cellular immunity plays a key role,as it can effectively recog-nize and eliminate MTB,serving as an important defense line for the body against MTB.However,during MTB in-fection process,myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)undergo amplification and activation,which exhibit in-hibitory effect on the immune function of T lymphocytes and interfere the normal immune response of the body,making MTB easier to survive and reproduce in the body.This article discusses the role of MDSCs in the occu-rrence,development and prognosis of tuberculosis from two different perspectives,expects to provide new perspec-tives and ideas for the immunotherapy of tuberculosis as well as the research and development of targeted drugs,so as to open up a new way for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.

Objective:To develop a prehabilitation program for patients undergoing cervical spondylosis surgery, optimize preoperative management, and provide guidance for specialized clinical nursing.Methods:In March 2024, a prehabilitation team was established to extract the best available evidence on preoperative rehabilitation for cervical spondylosis through a literature review. After group discussions, an initial draft of the prehabilitation program was developed. Between April and May 2024, 20 experts were selected for a two-round Delphi consultation to finalize the program content. Expert engagement was measured by questionnaire response rates, while expert authority was evaluated using an authority coefficient. The degree of consensus among experts was assessed using Kendall's coefficient of concordance and the coefficient of variation.Results:The response rate for both rounds of expert consultation was 100.00% (20/20), with an authority coefficient of 0.93. In the first round, the coefficient of variation ranged from 0.06 to 0.20, and Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.121 ( P<0.01). In the second round, the coefficient of variation ranged from 0 to 0.16, and Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.108 ( P<0.01). The final prehabilitation program consisted of five primary categories (exercise intervention, nutrition support, psychological intervention, pain management, and thrombosis prevention), 15 secondary categories, and 31 tertiary categories. Conclusions:The prehabilitation program developed in this study demonstrates strong scientific validity and feasibility. It provides a theoretical framework and practical guidance for implementing preoperative prehabilitation for patients undergoing cervical spondylosis surgery.

Objective:To evaluate the preventive effect of an antimicrobial peptide spray on chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mu-cositis in patients with hematologic malignancies.Methods:From December 2021 to July 2023,a total of 191 newly diagnosed pa-tients with hematologic malignancies undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy at our hospital were included in the study.Patients were divided into a treatment group(n=124,received antimicrobial peptide spray)and a control group(n=67,received placebo spray).All patients underwent standardized chemoradiotherapy regimens and oral care.Outcomes compared between groups includ-ed the incidence and severity of oral mucositis,ulcer healing time,pain scores,antibiotic usage,inflammatory markers[C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT)],duration of neutropenia,adverse events,and quality of life.Results:The incidence of oral mucositis in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group(12.90％vs.31.34％,P＜0.05),with a relative risk reduction(RRR)of 58.84％,absolute risk reduction(ARR)of 18.44％,and a number needed to treat(NNT)of 5.423.The treatment group showed shorter ulcer healing time,lower pain scores,reduced antibiotic usage and intensity,lower mean levels of CRP and PCT,and a shorter duration of neutropenia.The incidence of exacerbated local pain and drug-related adverse reactions was also significantly lower in the treatment group,compared to the control group(P＜0.05),with no evident systemic toxicity ob-served.Patients in the treatment group reported higher quality of life and satisfaction scores(both P＜0.05).Conclusion:The an-timicrobial peptide spray effectively reduces the incidence and severity of chemoradiotherapy-associated oral mucositis,mitigates in-flammation and infection risk,and improves quality of life.

Objective:To investigate protective effect and mechanism of Tim-3 on sepsis-induced acute lung injury(ALI)by pro-moting mitophagy of alveolar macrophages and inhibiting activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.Methods:LPS-stimulated mouse alveo-lar macrophage(MH-S)model and sepsis-induced ALI mouse model were constructed.Tim-3 siRNA interference technique was used to knock down Tim-3 expression in MH-S cells,and anti-Tim-3 antibody mice were injected intraperitoneally to block Tim-3 function.Western blot was used to detect protein expressions of NLRP3,ASC,cleaved-caspase-1 and mitophagy-related proteins(LC3B,P62,PINK1 and Parkin)in MH-S cells and lung tissue of mice with sepsis-induced ALI.Laser confocal fluorescence staining was used to measure ROS level and mitochondrial membrane potential of MH-S cells.Pathological examination of lung tissue was performed in mice with sepsis-induced ALI in each group,and degree of lung tissue injury was evaluated by Smith scoring system.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and lung tissue were collected from mice with ALI induced by sepsis in each group.BCA protein quantification method was used to determine protein concentration in BALF.MPO activity in lung tissue was detected by colorimetry.MDA content in lung tissue was detected by TBA method.LC3B protein expression in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:In mouse alveolar macrophages,Tim-3 knockdown could promote expressions of NLRP3,ASC,cleaved-caspase-1 and P62 proteins,increase ROS release,inhibit PINK1/Parkin pathway activation and LC3B protein expression,and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential.In mice with sepsis-induced ALI,Tim-3 functional blockade could promote expressions of NLRP3,ASC,cleaved-caspase-1 and P62 proteins in lung tissue,aggravate lung pathological injury and pulmonary edema,increase MPO activity and MDA content in lung tissue,and reduce positive rate of LC3B protein.Conclusion:Tim-3 plays a protective role in sepsis-induced ALI by promoting mitophagy in alveolar macrophages and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via PINK1/Parkin.

Objective:To conduct a visual analysis of the research status, hotspots, and trends concerning fear of falling in stroke patients both at home and abroad based on CiteSpace.Methods:Literature on fear of falling in stroke patients was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP. The retrieval time is from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2023. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used for visual analysis of countries, institutions, authors, and keywords.Results:A total of 113 English and 53 Chinese papers were included, showing an overall upward trend in publications. The United States ranked first in the number of English publications, followed by China, with the UK and Canada tied for third. Institutional and author collaborations were more cohesive internationally than domestically. Research hotspots included the elderly population, influencing factors, quality of life, intervention methods, and psychological states.Conclusions:The visual analysis using CiteSpace reveals research hotspots and trends in fear of falling among stroke patients globally, offering a novel perspective for researchers. Future research in China should integrate international research trends and pursue multidisciplinary, large-sample, multi-center studies to promote methodological diversity and broaden research content, thereby providing effective interventions for stroke patients with fear of falling.

Objective:To evaluate the preventive effect of an antimicrobial peptide spray on chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mu-cositis in patients with hematologic malignancies.Methods:From December 2021 to July 2023,a total of 191 newly diagnosed pa-tients with hematologic malignancies undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy at our hospital were included in the study.Patients were divided into a treatment group(n=124,received antimicrobial peptide spray)and a control group(n=67,received placebo spray).All patients underwent standardized chemoradiotherapy regimens and oral care.Outcomes compared between groups includ-ed the incidence and severity of oral mucositis,ulcer healing time,pain scores,antibiotic usage,inflammatory markers[C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT)],duration of neutropenia,adverse events,and quality of life.Results:The incidence of oral mucositis in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group(12.90％vs.31.34％,P＜0.05),with a relative risk reduction(RRR)of 58.84％,absolute risk reduction(ARR)of 18.44％,and a number needed to treat(NNT)of 5.423.The treatment group showed shorter ulcer healing time,lower pain scores,reduced antibiotic usage and intensity,lower mean levels of CRP and PCT,and a shorter duration of neutropenia.The incidence of exacerbated local pain and drug-related adverse reactions was also significantly lower in the treatment group,compared to the control group(P＜0.05),with no evident systemic toxicity ob-served.Patients in the treatment group reported higher quality of life and satisfaction scores(both P＜0.05).Conclusion:The an-timicrobial peptide spray effectively reduces the incidence and severity of chemoradiotherapy-associated oral mucositis,mitigates in-flammation and infection risk,and improves quality of life.

Tuberculosis,as a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)infection,presenting a serious threat to human and animal health.When human body is infected by MTB,it quickly initiates an immune response,in which T lymphocyte-mediated cellular immunity plays a key role,as it can effectively recog-nize and eliminate MTB,serving as an important defense line for the body against MTB.However,during MTB in-fection process,myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)undergo amplification and activation,which exhibit in-hibitory effect on the immune function of T lymphocytes and interfere the normal immune response of the body,making MTB easier to survive and reproduce in the body.This article discusses the role of MDSCs in the occu-rrence,development and prognosis of tuberculosis from two different perspectives,expects to provide new perspec-tives and ideas for the immunotherapy of tuberculosis as well as the research and development of targeted drugs,so as to open up a new way for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.

Objective:To investigate protective effect and mechanism of Tim-3 on sepsis-induced acute lung injury(ALI)by pro-moting mitophagy of alveolar macrophages and inhibiting activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.Methods:LPS-stimulated mouse alveo-lar macrophage(MH-S)model and sepsis-induced ALI mouse model were constructed.Tim-3 siRNA interference technique was used to knock down Tim-3 expression in MH-S cells,and anti-Tim-3 antibody mice were injected intraperitoneally to block Tim-3 function.Western blot was used to detect protein expressions of NLRP3,ASC,cleaved-caspase-1 and mitophagy-related proteins(LC3B,P62,PINK1 and Parkin)in MH-S cells and lung tissue of mice with sepsis-induced ALI.Laser confocal fluorescence staining was used to measure ROS level and mitochondrial membrane potential of MH-S cells.Pathological examination of lung tissue was performed in mice with sepsis-induced ALI in each group,and degree of lung tissue injury was evaluated by Smith scoring system.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and lung tissue were collected from mice with ALI induced by sepsis in each group.BCA protein quantification method was used to determine protein concentration in BALF.MPO activity in lung tissue was detected by colorimetry.MDA content in lung tissue was detected by TBA method.LC3B protein expression in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:In mouse alveolar macrophages,Tim-3 knockdown could promote expressions of NLRP3,ASC,cleaved-caspase-1 and P62 proteins,increase ROS release,inhibit PINK1/Parkin pathway activation and LC3B protein expression,and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential.In mice with sepsis-induced ALI,Tim-3 functional blockade could promote expressions of NLRP3,ASC,cleaved-caspase-1 and P62 proteins in lung tissue,aggravate lung pathological injury and pulmonary edema,increase MPO activity and MDA content in lung tissue,and reduce positive rate of LC3B protein.Conclusion:Tim-3 plays a protective role in sepsis-induced ALI by promoting mitophagy in alveolar macrophages and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via PINK1/Parkin.

Objective:To conduct a visual analysis of the research status, hotspots, and trends concerning fear of falling in stroke patients both at home and abroad based on CiteSpace.Methods:Literature on fear of falling in stroke patients was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP. The retrieval time is from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2023. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used for visual analysis of countries, institutions, authors, and keywords.Results:A total of 113 English and 53 Chinese papers were included, showing an overall upward trend in publications. The United States ranked first in the number of English publications, followed by China, with the UK and Canada tied for third. Institutional and author collaborations were more cohesive internationally than domestically. Research hotspots included the elderly population, influencing factors, quality of life, intervention methods, and psychological states.Conclusions:The visual analysis using CiteSpace reveals research hotspots and trends in fear of falling among stroke patients globally, offering a novel perspective for researchers. Future research in China should integrate international research trends and pursue multidisciplinary, large-sample, multi-center studies to promote methodological diversity and broaden research content, thereby providing effective interventions for stroke patients with fear of falling.