Tourette syndrome(TS)is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder.Acupuncture can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of TS patients.This article systematically summarized the clinical research status of acupuncture for the treatment of TS in recent years from the aspects of characteristic acupuncture methods,characteristic needles and comprehensive therapies,and put forward suggestions and prospects for systematically elaborating the peripheral-central mechanism of acupuncture for TS around the intestinal immunity and brain network mechanism in the future,so as to provide reference for optimizing clinical research and treatment.

BACKGROUND:Due to the mismatch between the design of the proximal femoral nail antirotation Asian version(PFNA-Ⅱ)and Asian population,extrusion of the proximal femoral intertrochanteric nail may occur in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures.The influence of the protruding length on the curative effect of the operation needs to be further discussed. OBJECTIVE:To quantitatively measure the protruding length of the proximal trochanter of the femur with intramedullary nail after PFNA-Ⅱ,and to analyze the effect of protruding length on the efficacy of PFNA-Ⅱ in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS:Totally 68 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA-Ⅱ internal fixation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were selected.The extramedullary process of the proximal trochanter of the femur was quantitatively measured on the anterior and posterior X-ray films of the hip joint within 6 months after operation.According to the existence of extrusion of the proximal trochanter intramedullary nail,the patients were divided into protruding group and non-protruding group.The data of sex,height,fracture type,length and diameter of the intramedullary nail,the position of screw blade in the femoral neck and protruding length of proximal greater trochanter were collected.The postoperative curative effect was judged by visual analog scale pain score and hip joint Harris score at 6 months after operation.The influence of protruding proximal trochanter of the PFNA-Ⅱ intramedullary nail on the operative effect was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were significant differences in sexual characteristics between the protruding group and the non-protruding group(P=0.001).(2)According to AO/OTA classification,there were no significant differences in fracture type between the protruding group and the non-protruding group(P=0.289).(3)There was no significant difference in the length and diameter of the intramedullary nail between the two groups(P=0.067,P=1.000).(4)There was no significant correlation between the height of all patients and the length of the intramedullary nail(P=0.510),but there was a significant correlation between height and protruding length(P=0.034).There was no significant correlation between screw blade position and protruding length(P=0.968).(5)Six months after operation,there was no significant difference in the hip Harris score(P=0.373),but the visual analog scale pain score was significantly higher in the protruding group than that in the non-protruding group(P=0.000).(6)The results suggest that nail extrusion often occurs in the proximal greater trochanter when PFNA-Ⅱ is used in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in Asians.When the nail extended into the proximal soft tissue of the greater trochanter,patients complained of proximal greater trochanteric pain and the visual analog scale score of proximal greater trochanter pain in the patient was significantly higher than that in the non-protruding group.To be more suitable for the Asian population,we suggest that the PFNA-Ⅱ should be improved to further shorten the proximal nail end to obtain better clinical results of femoral intertrochanteric fracture fixation.

Objective:To analyze the effects of changes in the spectrum of deaths from malignant tumors on the life expectancies of residents of different ages, sexes, and regions (urban or rural) in Tianjin from 1999 to 2019.Methods:The Abridged Life Table method and the Arriaga's decomposition method were used to calculate the effects of changes in spectrum of deaths from malignant tumors on the life expectancies of Tianjin residents of different ages, sexes, and regions.Results:During 1999-2019, the life expectancies increased by 4.96 years and 5.69 years for males and females, respectively, in Tianjin. The decreases in the mortalities from malignant neoplasms contributed 0.12 year (3.30%) and 0.03 year (0.77%) for males and females, respectively, to the increase during 1999-2007, and 0.05 year (3.13%) and 0.12 year (6.08%) for males and females, respectively, during 2007-2019. The decreases in the mortality rates of malignant tumors contributed the most to the increase among residents in the 60-69 years group, and the decreases in mortality rates of lung, gastric, esophageal, and liver cancers had relatively larger contribution. Lung cancer had a negative effect on the life expectancies of men and rural residents, but a positive effect on those of women and urban residents. The significant increases in the mortality rates of lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers in the ≥85 years group had a large negative effect on the overall life expectancy. Breast and ovarian cancers contributed negatively to the life expectancy of female residents.Conclusion:The overall increase in the life expectancy in Tianjin from 1999 to 2019 was mainly attributed to the elderly and the decreases in the mortality rates of gastric, esophageal, and liver cancers, among other malignancies, while the increases in the mortality rates of lung, colorectal, gallbladder, pancreatic, and breast cancers were the most significant factors hindering the increase of the life expectancy in Tianjin.

To meet the emerging demands of clinical medicine development and transformation of doctor-patient relationship models,enhance medical students'theoretical knowledge and practical application level of medical humanities,as well as improve the educational experience,the medical humanities teaching team of Harbin Medical University introduced and innovated the workshop teaching model in teaching.By summarizing the basic connotation of workshop teaching mode and its innovation in medical humanities education,taking the"doctor-patient communication"course of Harbin Medical University as an example,this paper shared the specific practice and application of workshop teaching mode in course teaching from three aspects,including preparation,implementation,and evaluation and feedback of teaching,as well as explored its innovation and application prospects in medical humanities education,with a view to providing valuable references for the organic integration of medical humanities education and clinical professional education,professional theory and practice.

Objective:To quantify the impact of injury-related deaths on the gender gap in life expectancy (GGLE).Methods:Abbreviated life table was used to analyse Tianjin residents' cause of death surveillance data from 2003 to 2021, and life expectancy was calculated by gender. SPSS 24.0 software was applied to calculate the injury-standardised mortality rate of Tianjin residents. The Arriaga decomposition method was used to calculate the effects of injury-related deaths on age-specific and urban-rural GGLE in 2003 and 2021.Results:The GGLE in Tianjin from 2003 to 2021 ranged from 2.63 to 4.47 years. Injury mortality rates declined significantly in males and showed no significant change in females. the incremental increase in life expectancy over the 19 years was 0.47 years (13.68%) for males, significantly higher than that for females (0.06 years, 1.09%). The GGLE caused by injury deaths in 2021 (0.34 years, 7.64%) decreased compared with 2003 (0.54 years, 20.40%) and decreased more in rural areas. Compared to 2003, the most significant reduction in the contribution rate of injury deaths on the GGLE was observed in the 5-49 age group in 2021, with a cumulative reduction of 12.11%. The contribution rates of transport accidents excluding motor vehicles, motor vehicle traffic accidents, drowning, accidental poisoning, and electrocution all decreased, with only motor vehicle traffic accidents increasing in rank, taking the first place in the injury contribution rates for 2021. The contribution rate of suicide was significantly higher in the 25-29 age group. The contribution of accidental falls was higher in the 50-79 age group and lower in the ≥85 age group, and that of other accidents and adverse effects was significantly lower in the ≥85 age group.Conclusions:Injury interventions for females in Tianjin should receive more attention, especially in preventing unintentional falls and other accidents and adverse effects among elderly females aged ≥85. Injury prevention for males should not be neglected, and efforts should be made to reduce the mortality rate of motor vehicle traffic accidents among males in rural areas of Tianjin. Attention should be paid to suicide intervention for males, especially those aged 25-29, and to prevent accidental falls among middle-aged and elderly males aged 50-79.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and mutation spectrum of monogenic diseases in Chinese population through a large-scale,multicenter carrier screening.Methods This study was conducted among a total of 33 104 participants(16 610 females)from 12 clinical centers across China.Carrier status for 223 genes was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and different PCR methods.Results The overall combined carrier frequency was 55.58%for 197 autosomal genes and 1.84%for 26 X-linked genes in these participants.Among the 16 669 families,874 at-risk couples(5.24%)were identified.Specifically,584 couples(3.50%)were at risk for autosomal genes,306(1.84%)for X-linked genes,and 16 for both autosomal and X-linked genes.The most frequently detected autosomal at-risk genes included GJB2(autosomal recessive deafness type 1A,393 couples),HBA1/HBA2(α-thalassemia,36 couples),PAH(phenylketonuria,14 couples),and SMN1(spinal muscular atrophy,14 couples).The most frequently detected X-linked at-risk genes were G6PD(G6PD deficiency,236 couples),DMD(Duchenne muscular dystrophy,23 couples),and FMR1(fragile X syndrome,17 couples).After excluding GJB2 c.109G>A,the detection rate of at-risk couples was 3.91%(651/16 669),which was lowered to 1.72%(287/16 669)after further excluding G6PD.The theoretical incidence rate of severe monogenic birth defects was approximately 4.35‰(72.5/16 669).Screening for a battery of the top 22 most frequent genes in the at-risk couples could detect over 95%of at-risk couples,while screening for the top 54 genes further increased the detection rate to over 99%.Conclusion This study reveals the carrier frequencies of 223 monogenic genetic disorders in the Chinese population and provides evidence for carrier screening strategy development and panel design tailored to the Chinese population.In carrier testing,genetic counseling for specific genes or gene variants can be challenging,and the couples need to be informed of these difficulties before testing and provided with options for not screening these genes or gene variants.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and mutation spectrum of monogenic diseases in Chinese population through a large-scale,multicenter carrier screening.Methods This study was conducted among a total of 33 104 participants(16 610 females)from 12 clinical centers across China.Carrier status for 223 genes was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and different PCR methods.Results The overall combined carrier frequency was 55.58%for 197 autosomal genes and 1.84%for 26 X-linked genes in these participants.Among the 16 669 families,874 at-risk couples(5.24%)were identified.Specifically,584 couples(3.50%)were at risk for autosomal genes,306(1.84%)for X-linked genes,and 16 for both autosomal and X-linked genes.The most frequently detected autosomal at-risk genes included GJB2(autosomal recessive deafness type 1A,393 couples),HBA1/HBA2(α-thalassemia,36 couples),PAH(phenylketonuria,14 couples),and SMN1(spinal muscular atrophy,14 couples).The most frequently detected X-linked at-risk genes were G6PD(G6PD deficiency,236 couples),DMD(Duchenne muscular dystrophy,23 couples),and FMR1(fragile X syndrome,17 couples).After excluding GJB2 c.109G>A,the detection rate of at-risk couples was 3.91%(651/16 669),which was lowered to 1.72%(287/16 669)after further excluding G6PD.The theoretical incidence rate of severe monogenic birth defects was approximately 4.35‰(72.5/16 669).Screening for a battery of the top 22 most frequent genes in the at-risk couples could detect over 95%of at-risk couples,while screening for the top 54 genes further increased the detection rate to over 99%.Conclusion This study reveals the carrier frequencies of 223 monogenic genetic disorders in the Chinese population and provides evidence for carrier screening strategy development and panel design tailored to the Chinese population.In carrier testing,genetic counseling for specific genes or gene variants can be challenging,and the couples need to be informed of these difficulties before testing and provided with options for not screening these genes or gene variants.

Objective:To analyze the effects of changes in the spectrum of deaths from malignant tumors on the life expectancies of residents of different ages, sexes, and regions (urban or rural) in Tianjin from 1999 to 2019.Methods:The Abridged Life Table method and the Arriaga's decomposition method were used to calculate the effects of changes in spectrum of deaths from malignant tumors on the life expectancies of Tianjin residents of different ages, sexes, and regions.Results:During 1999-2019, the life expectancies increased by 4.96 years and 5.69 years for males and females, respectively, in Tianjin. The decreases in the mortalities from malignant neoplasms contributed 0.12 year (3.30%) and 0.03 year (0.77%) for males and females, respectively, to the increase during 1999-2007, and 0.05 year (3.13%) and 0.12 year (6.08%) for males and females, respectively, during 2007-2019. The decreases in the mortality rates of malignant tumors contributed the most to the increase among residents in the 60-69 years group, and the decreases in mortality rates of lung, gastric, esophageal, and liver cancers had relatively larger contribution. Lung cancer had a negative effect on the life expectancies of men and rural residents, but a positive effect on those of women and urban residents. The significant increases in the mortality rates of lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers in the ≥85 years group had a large negative effect on the overall life expectancy. Breast and ovarian cancers contributed negatively to the life expectancy of female residents.Conclusion:The overall increase in the life expectancy in Tianjin from 1999 to 2019 was mainly attributed to the elderly and the decreases in the mortality rates of gastric, esophageal, and liver cancers, among other malignancies, while the increases in the mortality rates of lung, colorectal, gallbladder, pancreatic, and breast cancers were the most significant factors hindering the increase of the life expectancy in Tianjin.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum soluble CD40 ligand(sCD40L)and an-giotensin Ⅱ receptor-like 1 endogenous ligand 13(Apelin-13)levels for the short-term prognosis in patients after traumatic brain injury surgery.Methods A total of 89 patients with traumatic brain injury who under-went treatment and surgery in Zhongwu Hospital of Suqian from June 2020 to December 2022 were collected as the research group.A total of 89 healthy individuals who came to Zhongwu Hospital of Suqian during the same period for physical examination were selected as the control group.The clinical data of the study subjects were collected and the expression levels of sCD40L and Apelin-13 in the serum were detected.Pearson method was applied to analyze the correlation between sCD40L and Apelin-13 in the serum of patients in the research group.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the predictive value of serum sCD40L and Apelin-13 for the short-term prognosis in patients after traumatic brain injury surgery.Results Compared with the control group,the serum level of sCD40L in the research group was significantly increased,and the serum level of Apelin-13 was significantly decreased(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in age and gender between the poor prognosis group and the good prognosis group(P>0.05).The proportions of patients with preoperative hospitalization time≥10 h,surgical duration≥4 h,intraoperative bleeding vol-ume≥400 mL,and permanent implants were higher than those in the good prognosis group,and the Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS)score was lower than that in the good prognosis group(P<0.05).The serum sCD40L level in good prognosis group was lower than that in poor prognosis group,and the serum Apelin-13 level was higher than that in poor prognosis group(P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum sCD40L and Apelin-13 levels for predicting the short-term prognosis in patients after traumatic brain injury surgery was 0.776 and 0.819,respectively,with sensitivity of 79.31%and 75.86%,specificity of 75.00%and 81.67%,respectively,and the AUC of the combination of the two was 0.909,with sensitivity of 89.66%and specificity of 75.00%,respectively.Conclusion The serum sCD40L level increases and the serum Apelin-13 level decrea-ses in patients with poor short-term prognosis after traumatic brain injury surgery.The combined detection of the two has high predictive value for the short-term prognosis in patients.

To analyze the trends in disease burden and risk factors of depression among the elderly population in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention, treatment, and policy-making of geriatric depression in China.