To analyze the disease burden of acute lymphoid leukemia(ALL) and its changing trends in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention, treatment, and policy formulation.

Inflammatory bowel disease（IBD）is a type of disease characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation，mainly including Crohn's disease，ulcerative colitis，and undifferentiated IBD. Its pathogenesis is very complex and involves multiple factors. In recent years，studies have shown that heat shock proteins（HSPs）and cell apoptosis play important roles in the occurrence and progression of IBD. HSPs not only participate in cellular stress response，but also play a crucial role in regulating cell apoptosis. The specific mechanism of the interaction between HSPs and apoptosis in IBD is currently unclear. This article reviews the relationship and mechanism between HSPs and apoptosis in the occurrence and development of IBD，explores the roles of HSPs and apoptosis in IBD，and proposes potential treatment strategies to provide more effective treatment options for IBD patients in the future.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of filiform-heated needle stimulation on myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)based on the"pivot mechanism"theory in treating neck-shoulder myofascial pain syndrome(MPS).Methods Sixty-four patients diagnosed with neck-shoulder MPS from the Acupuncture Department(inpatient and outpatient)of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Dongguan Hospital between January 2023 and September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table,with 32 cases per group.The control group received oral administration of Celecoxib Capsules,while the observation group received additional filiform-heated needle therapy.The treatment duration was 2 weeks and 1 course per week.Clinical efficacy was evaluated after 2 weeks,with observing the changes in the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SF-MPQ)scores,Neck Disability Index(NDI)scores.The cervical range of motion(ROM)was compared between the two groups.Results(1)After treatment,the SF-MPQ scores of the two groups of patients were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the SF-MPQ scores,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the NDI scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the NDI scores,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the cervical joint mobility of patients in the two groups was significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving cervical joint mobility,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(4)The total effective rate was 96.88%(31/32)in the observation group and 84.38%(27/32)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Filiform-heated needle stimulation on MTrPs based on the"pivot mechanism"theory significantly alleviates pain,improves soft tissue injury,and enhances neck-shoulder mobility in patients with neck-shoulder MPS,demonstrating remarkable clinical efficacy.

Immune dysregulation is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and numerous studies have focused on the impact of immune cell metabolic pathways. Immune system cells dynamically adapt to the microenvironment, regulating the body's response to external stimuli through intricate metabolic pathways. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which glycolysis, fatty acid and amino acid metabolisms influence immune metabolism and thereby modulate IBD progression, offering new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.

Objective:To evaluate the characteristics of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its role in diagnosis and disease activity monitoring.Methods:A total of 66 IBD children admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital from December 2017 to August 2024 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, another 20 age-matched children who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy during the same period in the same hospital and showed no abnormalities were selected as the controls. Clinical data of IBD and control group were collected. Children with IBD were divided into active group and remission group according to clinical score and endoscopic score. The peripheral blood of IBD and control group were collected, and the levels of NET markers, including neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of NET markers in control group and different IBD groups were compared. Independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparisons. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for multiple group comparisons. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between NET markers and IBD activity. The efficacy of laboratory indicators in diagnosing IBD and control group was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:There were 66 children with IBD, including 36 in Crohn′s disease group with the age of (11.0±3.7) years, and 30 in ulcerative colitis (UC) group with the age of (8.3±5.0) years. The control group consisted of 20 children with the age of (10.1±3.5) years. Compared with control group, the levels of NE (958 (771, 1 328) vs. 303 (196, 501) μg/L) and MPO-DNA (0.11 (0.09, 0.18) vs. 0.09 (0.06, 0.12)) in peripheral blood of IBD group were significantly higher (both P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the levels of NE (1 008 (863, 1 301) vs. 807 (567, 1 535) μg/L) and MPO-DNA (0.11 (0.09, 0.21) vs. 0.12 (0.09, 0.14)) between Crohn′s disease and UC groups (both P>0.05). The NE levels in the endoscopic active group and remission group of Crohn's disease were higher than those in the control group (both P<0.05). The MPO-DNA level in the endoscopic active group of Crohn's disease was higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05), while the MPO-DNA level in the endoscopic remission group of Crohn's disease was lower than that in the control group ( P>0.05). The NE levels in the endoscopic activity group and remission group of UC were higher than those in control group (both P<0.05). NET markers were not correlated with the clinical activity and endoscopic activity of IBD (all P>0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of NE combined with MPO-DNA for distinguishing IBD from controls was 0.95, with a sensitivity was 90.0% and a specificity was 89.4%. Conclusion:The combination of NE and MPO-DNA demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing pediatric IBD patients from healthy children, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic biomarker panel of IBD.

"When warm evil is received,it first attacks the lungs and then spread to the pericardium reversely"is the general rule of warm diseases.Doctors of different dynasties have different views on the phrase"reverse spread to the pericardium",especially the word"reverse".Professor Tong Xiaolin proposed that the heart governs the mind,the pericardium and the heart are connected in qi,and when the heart is affected by evil,the pericardium instead suffers from the evil.The"reverse spread to the pericardium"proposed by Ye Tianshi is actually the spread of warm evil to the brain.Taking meningococcal meningitis as the basic disease,it can be matched one by one with the typical stages of the transmission of Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue.Combined with the theory of Dingjiao,it is believed that the function of"the heart governing the mind"focuses more on the brain in the modern anatomical sense.Combining traditional Chinese medicine's ideas on diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases with modern medicine,revealing the essence of the disease,grasping the core of the pathogenesis,analyzing the word"reverse"from a new perspective,and exploring its true meaning,is of great significance for clarifying its connotation,exploring the development laws of warm diseases,and guiding the diagnosis and treatment of warm disea-ses.

Objective:To analyze the nutritional development status and trends of preschool children aged 3-6 in Changping District,Beijing.Methods:The physical examination informations of preschool children aged 3-6 from over 180 kindergartens who participated in physical examinations in Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Changping District from 2021 to 2023 were collected retrospectively.The malnutrition,vision examination and dental caries of children with different ages across these years were compared.Results:A total of 135 215 children underwent physical examinations from 2021 to 2023,with 43 098 cases in 2021,45 985 cases in 2022,and 46 132 cases in 2023.Among them,there were 601 cases (0.44%) of malnutrition (including underweight,stunted growth,and wasting),and 13 512 cases (9.99%) of excessive nutrition (including overweight and obesity).The prevalence rates of overweight were 7.19%,5.56%,and 5.28% for the years 2021,2022,and 2023,respectively,with the highest rate in 2021; the obesity rates were 4.41%,3.79%,and 3.85% for the same years,also with the highest rate in 2021.The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05).The analysis of overweight and obese children of different ages in 2021 showed that the highest rate of overweight was in 3-year-olds (8.33%, P<0.05),and the highest rate of obesity was in 6-year-olds (6.19%, P<0.05).The detection rates of dental caries were 51.97%,39.14%,and 49.68%; the total caries treatment rates were 39.39%,43.09%,and 47.34%,showing an increasing trend,with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05).From 2021 to 2023,the detection rates of vision abnormalities among children aged 4 to 6 were 4.93%,3.74%,and 3.71%,respectively; the vision correction rates were 68.71%,76.51%,and 86.27%,showing an increasing trend over the years,with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The issues of overweight/obesity,dental caries,and vision abnormalities remain significant among children aged 3-6 in Changping District,Beijing.There is a need for continued attention to the physical examinations of preschool children and to further strengthen the prevention and control of common diseases in preschoolers to ensure their healthy growth.

Objective: To understand the changing trends and related factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding the three major infectious diseases (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, hepatitis B) among freshmen in Jiangsu from 2019 to 2022, so as to provide a reference basis for the health education of infectious diseases in schools. Methods: From 2019 to 2022, a total of 33 944 freshmen from 20 universities in Jiangsu Province were randomly selected for four consecutive years to investigate their KAP levels online through self designed questionnaires on three major infectious diseases. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the changing trends of students KAP levels of the three major infectious diseases, and to explore the influencing factors of KAP. Results: From 2019 to 2022, the knowledge scores(18.0±3.1,18.4±3.2,18.7±3.2,18.8±3.2), related to the three major infectious diseases showed an upward trend ( F=436.50, P <0.01), and the positive attitude reporting rates were 81.77%, 81.46%, 82.68% and 81.74%, respectively. The reporting rates of positive practice were 80.11%, 79.25%, 79.08 % and 79.04%, respectively. Multiple linear regression showed that school type, parental education level, mother s occupation, average income per person in family and living arrangements during high school all had an impact on the knowledge ( β = -1.510 -0.559), attitudes ( β =-0.043-0.065) and practice ( β =-0.028-0.027) of the three major infectious diseases ( P < 0.05 ). The family residence areas only affected the reporting rate of positive attitude scores ( β =0.002-0.065), and whether only children or not affected the reporting rate of positive practice scores ( β =0.009)( P <0.05). The knowledge score showed an upward trend ( β= 0.297, P <0.01), the positive attitude reporting rate showed no statistically significant change ( β=0.001, P =0.22), and the positive practice reporting rate showed a downward trend ( β=-0.005, P <0.01). Conclusions Freshman in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022 have shown a separation in KAP scores regarding the three major infectious diseases. Targeted measures should be taken to improve their health practice level.

Objective To investigate the value of multiple quantitative parameters derived from Hawk spectral CT in predicting lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods Preoperative Hawk spectral CT images of 57 cancerous foci from 44 PTC patients confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively collected.All patients underwent lymph node dissection.Based on pathological results,the patients were categorized into metastatic group(26 patients with 35 cancerous foci)and non-metastatic group(18 patients with 22 cancerous foci).The CT morphological features of the primary PTC lesions included location,diameter,bite-cookie sign,and calcification,respectively.Quantitative parameters of Hawk spectral CT plain scan,arterial phase(AP)and venous phase(VP),including conventional CT values,virtual monoenergetic imaging(MonoE)CT values(40 keV,100 keV),effective atomic number(Zeff)and electron density(Rho),respectively.The rank sum test or chi-square test was used to compare the differences in CT morphological features and Hawk spectral CT quantitative parameters between the two groups.For parameters with significant differences,logistic regression was used to construct a combined model.Area under the curve(AUC),accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined model.Results There was statistically significant difference in the diameter of the primary lesion between the metastatic group and the non-metastatic group(P＜0.05),and the diameter of the primary lesion in the metastatic group was larger than that in the non-metastatic group.The conventional CT value,MonoE CT values(40 keV,100 keV),Rho and Zeff in plain scan,AP-Rho,and VP-MonoE CT value(100 keV)of the primary lesion in the metastatic group were all significantly lower than those in the non-metastatic group(P＜0.05).The AUC,accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of the Hawk spectral CT plain scan parameter combination model were 0.765,0.754,0.800,and 0.682,respectively.The AUC,accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity of the Hawk spectral CT enhancement parameter combination model were 0.726,0.667,0.600,and 0.786,respectively.Conclusion Through the analysis of multiple quantitative parameters from Hawk spectral CT of PTC primary lesion,the primary lesion in the metastatic group exhibited significant differences from those in the non-metastatic group in multiple quantitative parameters,which can further improve the predictive efficacy for lymph node metastasis.

Immune dysregulation is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and numerous studies have focused on the impact of immune cell metabolic pathways. Immune system cells dynamically adapt to the microenvironment, regulating the body's response to external stimuli through intricate metabolic pathways. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which glycolysis, fatty acid and amino acid metabolisms influence immune metabolism and thereby modulate IBD progression, offering new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.