Objective:To investigate the early clinical characteristics of elderly patients with severe burns and the risk factors on prognosis.Methods:This study was a retrospective case series study. Clinical data of 124 elderly patients with severe burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the 12 hospitals from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected, including 4 patients from the Fourth People's Hospital of Dalian, 5 patients from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 22 patients from Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, 5 patients from Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 27 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 9 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 10 patients from Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 9 patients from Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, 12 patients from the 924 th Hospital of PLA, 6 patients from Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, 4 patients from Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, and 11 patients from Zhengzhou First People's Hospital. The patients' overall clinical characteristics, such as gender, age, body mass index, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, inhalation injury, causative factors, whether combined with underlying medical diseases, and admission time after injury were recorded. According to the survival outcome within 28 days after injury, the patients were divided into survival group (89 cases) and death group (35 cases). The following data of patients were compared between the two groups, including the basic data and injuries (the same as the overall clinical characteristics ahead); the coagulation indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP), international normalized ratio (INR), and fibrinogen; the blood routine indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as white blood cell count, platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit; the organ function indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, urea, serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, globulin, blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, electrolyte indexes (potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in blood), uric acid, myoglobin, and brain natriuretic peptide; the infection and blood gas indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, pH value, oxygenation index, base excess, and lactate; treatment such as whether conducted with mechanical ventilation, whether conducted with continuous renal replacement therapy, whether conducted with anticoagulation therapy, whether applied with vasoactive drugs, and fluid resuscitation. The analysis was conducted to screen the independent risk factors for the mortality within 28 days after injury in elderly patients with severe burns. Results:Among 124 patients, there were 82 males and 42 females, aged 60-97 years, with body mass index of 23.44 (21.09, 25.95) kg/m 2, total burn area of 54.00% (42.00%, 75.00%) total body surface area (TBSA), and full-thickness burn area of 25.00% (10.00%, 40.00%) TBSA. The patients were mainly combined with moderate to severe inhalation injury and caused by flame burns. There were 43 cases with underlying medical diseases. The majority of patients were admitted to the hospital within 8 hours after injury. There were statistically significant differences between patients in the 2 groups in terms of age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, and inhalation injury, and PT, APTT, D-dimer, FDP, INR, white blood cell count, platelet count, urea, serum creatinine, blood glucose, blood sodium, uric acid, myoglobin, and urine volume within the first 24 hours of injury (with Z values of 2.37, 5.49, 5.26, 5.97, 2.18, 1.95, 2.68, 2.68, 2.51, 2.82, 2.14, 3.40, 5.31, 3.41, 2.35, 3.81, 2.16, and -3.82, respectively, P<0.05); there were statistically significant differences between two groups of patients in whether conducted with mechanical ventilation and whether applied with vasoactive drugs (with χ2 values of 9.44 and 28.50, respectively, P<0.05). Age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, serum creatinine within the first 24 hours of injury, and APTT within the first 24 hours of injury were the independent risk factors for the mortality within 28 days after injury in elderly patients with severe burns (with odds ratios of 1.17, 1.10, 1.10, 1.09, and 1.27, 95% confidence intervals of 1.03-1.40, 1.04-1.21, 1.05-1.19, 1.05-1.17, and 1.07-1.69, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:The elderly patients with severe burns had the injuries mainly from flame burns, often accompanied by moderate to severe inhalation injury and enhanced inflammatory response, elevated blood glucose levels, activated fibrinolysis, and impaired organ function in the early stage, which are associated with their prognosis. Age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, and serum creatinine and APTT within the first 24 hours of injury are the independent risk factors for death within 28 days after injury in this population.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of different approaches of ultrasound-guided adductor canal block (ACB) in postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and its impact on joint function recovery.Methods:Fifty-eight patients undergoing unilateral TKA at Nanjing First Hospital from March 2021 to March 2022 were randomly divided into two groups: group A (ultrasound-guided proximal ACB, n=29) and group B (ultrasound-guided distal ACB, n=29). Both groups received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCIA) combined with ultrasound-guided ACB. The resting and exercise Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores at various time points after surgery, the total amount of sufentanil used for PCIA, the effective compression times (P1) and actual compression times (P2) of PCIA, the analgesia satisfaction score, the number of additional tramadol analgesia cases, the quadriceps muscle strength and knee joint activity at various time points after surgery, and the complications were recorded for analysis. Results:The resting and exercise VAS scores at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery in the group B were lower than those in the group A (all P<0.05). The total amount of Sufentanil used for PCIA, P1 and P2, and the number of additional tramadol analgesia cases in the group B were less than those in the group A (all P<0.05). The analgesia satisfaction score in the group B was higher than that in the group A ( P<0.05). The quadriceps muscle strength at 24 hours after surgery and the knee joint activity at 24 and 48 hours after surgery in the group B were higher than those in the group A (all P<0.05). The incidence of nausea in the group B was lower than that in the group A ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided distal ACB is more effective in relieving postoperative pain after TKA, reducing the dosage of opioid drugs, improving quadriceps muscle strength and joint mobility, reducing the incidence of adverse reactions, and is conducive to the recovery of knee joint function.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of different flow rates of transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (Thrive) on hypoxic events during painless gastroscopy.Methods:Patients who underwent painless gastroscopy in Nanjing First Hospital from April to July 2020 were randomly selected by random number table method and assigned to Thrive groups of 30 L/min ( n=52), 50 L/min ( n=55) and 70 L/min ( n=54). The incidences of different degree of hypoxic events (including subclinical respiratory depression, hypoxia and severe hypoxia) and adverse events related to Thrive were recorded. Results:The total incidence of hypoxic events in the 70 L/min group was 0 (0/54), which was significantly lower than that in the 30 L/min group (21.3%, 11/52, χ2=12.75, P<0.001) and 50 L/min group (12.7%, 7/55, P=0.007). There were no significant differences in subclinical respiratory depression [13.5% (7/52) VS 5.5% (3/55), χ2=1.19, P=0.194] or hypoxia [7.7% (4/52) VS 7.3% (4/55), P=0.610] between 30 L/min group and 50 L/min group. No severe hypoxia occurred in any group. The oxygenation of patients with hypoxemia in 30 L/min and 50 L/min groups was improved (SpO 2>95%) after opening the airway by mandibular support. In addition, there were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events except hypoxemia among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The flow rates of Thrive of 30 L/min, 50 L/min, and 70 L/min can prevent the occurrence of severe hypoxia during painless gastroscopy, and the flow rate of 70 L/min can further reduce the incidence of subclinical respiratory depression.

Interstitial fluid (ISF) flow through vascular adventitia has been discovered recently. However, its kinetic pattern was unclear. We used histological and topographical identification to observe ISF flow along venous vessels in rabbits. By magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in live subjects, the inherent pathways of ISF flow from the ankle dermis through the legs, abdomen, and thorax were enhanced by paramagnetic contrast. By fluorescence stereomicroscopy and layer-by-layer dissection after the rabbits were sacrificed, the perivascular and adventitial connective tissues (PACTs) along the saphenous veins and inferior vena cava were found to be stained by sodium fluorescein from the ankle dermis, which coincided with the findings by MRI. The direction of ISF transport in a venous PACT pathway was the same as that of venous blood flow. By confocal microscopy and histological analysis, the stained PACT pathways were verified to be the fibrous connective tissues, consisting of longitudinally assembled fibers. Real-time observations by fluorescence stereomicroscopy revealed at least two types of spaces for ISF flow: one along adventitial fibers and another one between the vascular adventitia and its covering fascia. Using nanoparticles and surfactants, a PACT pathway was found to be accessible by a nanoparticle of <100 nm and contained two parts: a transport channel and an absorptive part. The calculated velocity of continuous ISF flow along fibers of the PACT pathway was 3.6‒15.6 mm/s. These data revealed that a PACT pathway was a "slit-shaped" porous biomaterial, comprising a longitudinal transport channel and an absorptive part for imbibition. The use of surfactants suggested that interfacial tension might play an essential role in layers of continuous ISF flow along vascular vessels. A hypothetical "gel pump" is proposed based on interfacial tension and interactions to regulate ISF flow. These experimental findings may inspire future studies to explore the physiological and pathophysiological functions of vascular ISF or interfacial fluid flow among interstitial connective tissues throughout the body.

Arteriosclerosis is the leading cause of stroke, with a fatality rate surpassing that of ischemic heart disease. High-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging is generally recognized as a non-invasive and panoramic method for the evaluation of arterial plaque; however, this method requires improved signal-tonoise ratio and scanning speed. Recent advances in high-density head and neck coil arrays are characterized by broad coverage, multiple channels, and closefitting designs. This review analyzes fast magnetic resonance imaging from the perspective of accelerated algorithms for vessel wall imaging and demonstrates the need for effective algorithms for signal acquisition using advanced radiofrequency system. We summarize different phased-array structures under various experimental objectives and equipment conditions, introduce current research results, and propose prospective research studies in the future.

Objective:To explore the relationship of body mass index and blood pressure with the incidence of diabetes in Jinchang cohort.Methods:We designed a nested case-control study, a total of 29 572 workers who had no history of diabetes in baseline survey in Jinchang cohort were selected as the study cohort from June 2011 to December 2013. After 2 year follow-up, 1 021 workers with first diagnosed diabetes were selected as the case group, after 1∶1 matching according to the same gender and age ±2 years among those without diabetes, circulatory system, or endocrine system diseases during the same follow-up period, 1 021 controls was selected and 2 042 subjects were finally included. We used multivariate conditional logistic regression model, additive interaction model and multiplicative interaction model to explore the relationship of body mass index and blood pressure with the incidence of diabetes.Results:After adjusting for factors such as occupation, alcohol use, family history of diabetes, hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low-HDL cholesterolemia and high-LDL cholesterolemia, multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of diabetes increased with body mass index and blood pressure. Hypertension and overweight/obesity had a multiplicative interaction on the incidence of diabetes. The risks of diabetes in men and women with hypertension and overweight/obese were 2.04 times (95% CI: 1.54-2.69) and 3.88 times (95% CI: 2.55-5.91) higher than those in men and women with normal body weight and blood pressure, respectively. In the combination of BMI and blood pressure, obese individuals with SBP≥160 mmHg were 4.57 times (95% CI: 2.50-8.34) more likely to have diabetes than those with normal BMI and SBP, obese individuals with DBP≥90 mmHg were 3.40 times (95% CI: 2.19-5.28) more likely to have diabetes than those with normal BMI and DBP. Conclusions:Overweight/obesity and hypertension can increase the risk of diabetes. Health education about body weight and blood pressure controls should be strengthened to reduce the risk of diabetes.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and characteristics of depressive symptoms among urban elderly six years after Lushan earthquake in Ya'an， so as to provide references for the mental health interventions for elderly following catastrophic stressful life events. MethodsFrom March to April 2019， a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to enroll 885 urban elderly people aged 60 and above in Ya'an. A self-compiled questionnaire was used to collect the general demographic information， health-related and disaster-related information， meantime， the elderly was assessed using Geriatric Depression Scale （GDS-30）. Thereafter， univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were applied to explore the influencing factors of depressive symptoms in urban elderly. ResultsA total of 783 valid questionnaires were collected， with a questionnaires response rate of 88.47%. Depressive symptoms were detected in 161 cases （20.56%）. The prevalence of depression showed statistical differences among the elderly of different gender， age， marital status， family relationship， monthly per capita household income， physical exercise status， health status， self-care ability， sleep status and disaster-affected degree （P<0.05 or 0.01）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the urban elderly of the female gender （OR=1.552， P=0.040）， monthly per capita household income of 2000~3000 yuan （OR=6.982， P<0.01）， monthly per capita household income≤2000 yuan （OR=6.857， P<0.01）， lack of physical exercise （OR=1.693， P<0.01）， being less capable of self-care （OR=3.838， P<0.01）， being incapable of self-care （OR=8.547， P<0.01）， complicating multiple curable diseases （OR=4.892， P<0.01） and complicating refractory chronic diseases （OR=5.657， P=0.031） were at high risk of depressive symptoms. The risk of depressive symptoms among the divorced or widowed elderly was greater than that among married elderly （OR=0.063， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe prevalence of depressive symptoms is relatively high among the urban elderly six years after Lushan earthquake in Ya'an， moreover， female gender， low monthly per capita household income， lack of physical exercise， being incapable of self-care and poor health status are risk factors affecting the depressive symptom， while being married is a protective factor.

Objective:To ananlyze the toxic effects and mechanisms of Cr (Ⅵ) subchronic exposure based on metabonomics techniques.Methods:Twenty-nine female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, low dose group and high dose group, 10, 9, 10, respectively. The control group, low dose group and high dose group were treated with 0, 10, 50 mg/L Cr (Ⅵ) for 90 days respec tively. The serum samples of rats with different dose of Cr (Ⅵ) treatment were detected Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique and data was analyzed by PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA to compare with metabolic profile in different Cr (Ⅵ) dose treatments. Pathway analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 software.Results:UPLC-Q- TOF-MS/MS has stable detection performance and reliable experimental data. The control group, low Cr (Ⅵ) and high Cr (Ⅵ ) metabolic profiles of rats serum differences was obviously, and there is significant difference of serum metabolic profile among rats treated with different dose of Cr (Ⅵ) . 18 differential metabolites were screened between Cr (Ⅵ) low dose group and control group, 23 differential metabolites between Cr (Ⅵ) high dose group and control group. Compared to control group, there were 13 differential metabolites in both Cr (Ⅵ) high dose group and Cr (Ⅵ ) low dose group, such as 3-Hydroxy-11Z-octadecenoylcarnitine, Anserine, Farnesyl pyrophosphate, Linoleoyl ethanolamid e, Linoleyl carnitine, Lithocholate 3-O-glucuronide, LysoPC [20∶2(11Z, 14Z) ], LysoPC[20∶3 (5Z, 8Z, 11Z) ], LysoPC[22∶2(13Z, 16Z) ], PG[16∶0/22∶5(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z) ], PI[18∶1 (11Z) /20∶4(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z) ], PI[20∶3(5Z, 8Z, 11Z) /18∶0], Serotonin. These differential metabolites were related to Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism, Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis.Conclusion:Cr (Ⅵ) subchronic exposure could induce the significant difference of serum metabolic profile. The differential metabolites induced by Cr (Ⅵ) subchronic ex- posure were mainly related to amino acid and lipid metabolism.

Objective:To ananlyze the toxic effects and mechanisms of Cr (Ⅵ) subchronic exposure based on metabonomics techniques.Methods:Twenty-nine female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, low dose group and high dose group, 10, 9, 10, respectively. The control group, low dose group and high dose group were treated with 0, 10, 50 mg/L Cr (Ⅵ) for 90 days respec tively. The serum samples of rats with different dose of Cr (Ⅵ) treatment were detected Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique and data was analyzed by PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA to compare with metabolic profile in different Cr (Ⅵ) dose treatments. Pathway analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 software.Results:UPLC-Q- TOF-MS/MS has stable detection performance and reliable experimental data. The control group, low Cr (Ⅵ) and high Cr (Ⅵ ) metabolic profiles of rats serum differences was obviously, and there is significant difference of serum metabolic profile among rats treated with different dose of Cr (Ⅵ) . 18 differential metabolites were screened between Cr (Ⅵ) low dose group and control group, 23 differential metabolites between Cr (Ⅵ) high dose group and control group. Compared to control group, there were 13 differential metabolites in both Cr (Ⅵ) high dose group and Cr (Ⅵ ) low dose group, such as 3-Hydroxy-11Z-octadecenoylcarnitine, Anserine, Farnesyl pyrophosphate, Linoleoyl ethanolamid e, Linoleyl carnitine, Lithocholate 3-O-glucuronide, LysoPC [20∶2(11Z, 14Z) ], LysoPC[20∶3 (5Z, 8Z, 11Z) ], LysoPC[22∶2(13Z, 16Z) ], PG[16∶0/22∶5(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z) ], PI[18∶1 (11Z) /20∶4(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z) ], PI[20∶3(5Z, 8Z, 11Z) /18∶0], Serotonin. These differential metabolites were related to Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism, Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis.Conclusion:Cr (Ⅵ) subchronic exposure could induce the significant difference of serum metabolic profile. The differential metabolites induced by Cr (Ⅵ) subchronic ex- posure were mainly related to amino acid and lipid metabolism.

Objective To establish an animal model suitable for neurosurgeons for the comprehensive training of microvascular anastomosis using rat abdominal aorta and common iliac artery. Methods Twelve adult SD rats were selected,they were generally anesthetized and laparotomized.The abdominal aortas and bilateral common iliac arteries were exposed and fully separated.The lengths and diameters of abdominal aortas and common iliac arteries of each segment were measured.The end-to-end anastomosis were performed choosing the main trunk of the abdominal aorta without a branching artery and longer segment.The unilateral common iliac artery and the sacral median artery were used for end-to-side anastomosis.The bilateral common iliac arteries were used for end-to-side and side-to-side anastomosis.The micro Doppler ultrasound probe was used to detect the blood flow patency of each anastomotic stoma. Results Anatomical separation of the abdominal aortas and the common iliac arteries was successfully performed in 12 SD rats.Each rat could provide 4 vascular anastomosis exercises.The length of abdomen aorta trunk was 15.6 ± 2.5 mm and the diameter was 1.6 ±0.2 mm between the lower left renal artery and right iliolumbar artery.The side-to-side anastomosis was performed.The mean diameter of the median sacral arteries was 0.80 ±0.08 mm.After the fish mouth-like cutting,the end-to-side anastomosis of the right common iliac arteries were conducted.The lenth of left common iliac artery was 9.0 ± 1.5 mm,the diameter was 1.0 ± 0.1 mm,and was cut off at its origin and then the end-to-side anastomosis of the right common iliac arteries were conducted.After end-to-side anastomosis of bilateral common iliac arteries,its distal segment was arranged in parallel with a length of 5.1 ± 0.3 mm,and then the side-to-side anastomosis could be conducted. Conclusions The rat abdominal aorta and iliac artery model can be comprehensively used to simulate the commonly used neurosurgery bypass graft.It is suitable for neurosurgeons with a certain microsurgical basis to conduct a preliminary vascular anastomosis training.