Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism(CAT)refers to the presence of venous thromboem-bolism including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients with malignant cancer.Studies have indicated that CAT has become the second leading cause of death among cancer patients.Similar to other methods used to prevent and treat venous thromboembolism,anticoagulation remains to be the primary approach for CAT.However,the occurrence of CAT is influenced by various factors such as tumor type,staging,complications,treat-ment,and prognosis.This complexity makes the prevention and management of CAT more difficult and challeng-ing.This article reviews the classification of commonly used anticoagulant drugs in clinical practice,emphasizing the current status and advancements in their application for the prevention and treatment of cancer-related venous thromboembolism in order to provide valuable reference for clinical medication.

In recent years, fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET imaging, which targets the tumor microenvironment, has shown significant potential in evaluating solid tumors. Particularly, studies have demonstrated the value of 68Ga-FAPI PET in evaluation of gastric and colorectal cancer. This article reviews previous studies and provides an overview of how 68Ga-FAPI PET can be used in the diagnosis, staging, recurrence monitoring, clinical management, efficacy evaluation, and prognostic prediction of gastric and colorectal cancer, in order to provide a basis for the further utilization of this novel imaging agent, 68Ga-FAPI, in gastric and colorectal cancer.

Objective:To determine if preoperative 68Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04 PET/MR could contribute to predicting pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Methods:In this retrospective study, 35 patients (23 males, 12 females, age (59.1±7.9) years) with gastrointestinal cancer who underwent 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR after receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy between February 2021 and January 2024 were enrolled. Clinical data, PET imaging parameters including SUV, peak of SUV normalized by lean body mass (SUL peak), FAPI-positive tumor volume (FTV), and total FAPI-positive lesion burden (TLF), and pathological data were collected and analyzed. Patients were divided into pCR group and non-pCR group, and the independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare those parameters between the 2 groups. ROC curve analysis (Delong test) was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of each parameter to predict pCR. Results:The overall pCR rate of the neoadjuvant therapy was 40.0%(14/35). In the visual evaluation, 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET was limited in predicting pCR, showing false positivity in 12 patients and false negative in 1 patent. While SUV max( t=2.50, P=0.018), SUL peak( t=3.11, P=0.004), FTV( U=3.00, P=0.030) and TLF( U=2.96, P=0.042) in non-pCR group were all higher than those in pCR group. The predictive efficiency of FTV <1.925cm 3 for pCR was better than the efficiency of PET visual evaluation ( Z=3.61, P<0.001), with the prediction accuracy of 82.86%(29/35). Conclusions:68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR may provide an effective clinical tool for guiding further treatment of patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant immunotherapy. The quantitative features derived from 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET appear promising in predicting pCR, which are expected to provide a reference for avoiding surgery.

In recent years, the convergent media environment, which integrates text, video, audio, animation, and other media forms, has become indispensable in higher education. Online teaching within this environment leverages a " cloud-based, multi-screen" dissemination model, effectively integrating various forms of media resources to accommodate mobile and ubiquitous learning scenarios. This approach meets the diverse needs of different learners, and makes course content delivery more dynamic while enhancing teacher-student interaction. As a result, it fosters innovation in course instruction, shifting teaching methods from " standardization" to " differentiation" , thereby providing a platform and resources for personalized learning. This paper analyzes the design and resource development strategies for Nuclear Medicine online courses within the convergent media environment from three perspectives: constructing a high-quality online course system centered on learning outcomes, driving innovation in online teaching focused on the learning experience, and highlighting the efficacy of cultivating high-quality nuclear medicine professionals through a top-tier online course. By systematically summarizing the implementation experience in building the Nuclear Medicine online course, this article aims to provide strategies and pathways to enrich the content supply and cross-platform integration of online medical courses in China.

Objective To analyze the mortality rate and trend of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)among residents in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2023.Methods The collected mortality monitoring data of residents from 2011 to 2023 were analyzed using Joinpoint regression the trend of COPD mortality rate in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2023.Based on the COPD mortality rate data of residents from 2011 to 2023 to established an autoregressive integrated moving average method(ARIMA)to predict the trend of mortality rate changes.Results From 2011 to 2023,the crude mortality rate of males was 79.74/100,000,which was higher than that of females(64.82/105),and the standardized mortality rate of males(48.02/105)was higher than that of females(40.51/105)(P<0.05).From 2011 to 2023,the annual percentage change(APC)of male mortality rate and female mortality rate were-4.51% and-5.59%(P<0.05),and the APC of standardized mortality rate of male and female were-9.35%,and-9.91%,with a significant downward trend(P<0.05).From 2011 to 2023,the COPD mortality rates of residents aged 45～54,55～64,65～74 and≥75 years in Sichuan Province were-12.04%,-10.88%,-13.87% and-7.19%,respectively,and with an obvious downward trend in different age groups(P<0.05).The crude mortality rate of COPD in urban decreased from 100.67/105 to 52.93/105,and APC of the crude mortality rate was-5.71%;while the crude mortality rate of rural residents decreased from 86.13/105 to 60.10/105,and APC of the crude mortality rate was-3.69%,with an obvious downward trend(P<0.05%).The standardized COPD mortality rate of urban residents in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2023 decreased from 79.13/105 to 24.09/105,and APC of the standardizedmortality rate was-10.09%;while the rural residents decreased from83.99/105 to 31.58/105,and APCwas-7.98%,with an obvious downward trend(P<0.05%).The ARIMA model was used to fit the COPD mortality rate in Sichuan Province in 2011～2023,and the COPD mortality rates in Sichuan Province in 2024～2028 were predicted to be 53.49/105,49.28/105,46.11/105,42.59/105 and 41.68/105,respectively.Conclusion The mortality rate of COPD among residents in Sichuan Province showed a downward trend from 2011 to 2023,with rural,male,and elderly populations being high-risk groups for COPD mortality.The ARIMA model had certain reference value for short-term prediction of COPD mortality rate.

Objective: To investigate the self-monitoring blood pressure behavior and its influencing factors among residents in Jiangsu Province, so as to provide the basis for strengthening proactive blood pressure monitoring among residents. Methods: Permanent residents aged 35-75 years in six counties (cities, districts), Jiangsu Province, were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method in 2023. Data on basic information, disease history, and self-monitoring blood pressure behavior were collected, height and weight were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI); and blood glucose and lipid levels were measured. Self-monitoring blood pressure behavior was defined as having measured blood pressure at least once in the past three months. Factors affecting self-monitoring blood pressure behavior were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 12 475 residents were surveyed, including 5 748 males and 6 727 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1.17. There were 3 855 residents aged 45-<55 years (30.90%) and 5 511 residents who had self-monitoring blood pressure behaviors (44.18%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the residents who were males (OR=1.167, 95%CI: 1.081-1.261), lived in rural areas (OR=1.430, 95%CI: 1.321-1.547), aged 45-75 years (45-<55 years, OR=1.384, 95%CI: 1.241-1.543; 55-<65 years, OR=1.397, 95%CI: 1.243-1.570; 65-75 years, OR=1.196, 95%CI: 1.049-1.363), had an annual household income ≥30 000 yuan (30 000-<60 000 yuan, OR=1.190, 95%CI: 1.072-1.321; 60 000-<110 000 yuan, OR=1.330, 95%CI: 1.191-1.485; ≥110 000 yuan, OR=1.746, 95%CI: 1.536-1.984), were overweight (OR=1.170, 95%CI: 1.070-1.280) or obese (OR=1.248, 95%CI: 1.120-1.391), were unaware (OR=1.221, 95%CI: 1.103-1.353) or aware (OR=3.937, 95%CI: 3.575-4.335) of having hypertension, were aware of having diabetes (OR=1.538, 95%CI: 1.354-1.749), and aware of having dyslipidemia (OR=1.265, 95%CI: 1.106-1.447) were more likely to have self-monitoring blood pressure behaviors. Conclusions Among the residents aged 35-75 years in Jiangsu Province, 44.18% had self-monitoring blood pressure behavior. Gender, place of residence, age, annual household income, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were identified as influencing factors for self-monitoring blood pressure behavior.

Objective To identify barriers and facilitators to implementing environmentally sustainable practices in nursing work through a scoping review,providing support for low-carbon nursing strategies.Meth-ods The PRISMA process was employed to search four databases:Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,and Scopus.We screened studies that explored environmentally sustainable practices in nursing work,focused on healthcare organizations,and provided insights into barriers and facilitators,and identified barriers and facilita-tors.Results A total of 718 articles published from January 2020 to June 2024 were screened,and 9 studies were ultimately included and analyzed.Barriers to implementing environmental sustainability practices in nursing work include insufficient personal knowledge and skills,lack of leadership and resource support from institutions,and limitations in policies and infrastructure.Facilitators include transformational leadership,clear responsibilities,and resource assurance.The study emphasizes that strong leadership,participatory approa-ches,and continuing education are crucial for successful implementation of environmental sustainability prac-tices.Conclusion Future research should focus on promoting low-carbon strategies in nursing practice.

BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies have indicated that Angong Niuhuang Pills (ANP) reduce cerebral infarct and edema volumes. This study aimed to investigate whether ANP safely reduces cerebral infarct and edema volumes in patients with moderate to severe acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial included patients with acute ischemic stroke with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores ranging from 10 to 20 in 17 centers in China between April 2021 and July 2022. Patients were allocated within 36 h after onset via block randomization to receive ANP or placebo (3 g/day for 5 days). The primary outcomes were changes in cerebral infarct and edema volumes after 14 days of treatment. The primary safety outcome was severe adverse events (SAEs) for 90 days. RESULTS: There were 57 and 60 patients finally included in the ANP and placebo groups, respectively for modified intention-to-treat analysis. The median age was 66.0 years, and the median NIHSS score at baseline was 12.0. The changes in cerebral infarct volume at day 14 were 0.3 mL and 0.4 mL in the ANP and placebo groups, respectively (median difference: -7.1 mL; interquartile range [IQR]: -18.3 to 2.3 mL, P = 0.30). The changes in cerebral edema volume of the ANP and placebo groups on day 14 were 11.4 mL and 4.0 mL, respectively ( median difference: 3.0 mL, IQR: -1.3 to 9.9 mL, P = 0.15). The rates of SAE within 90 days were similar in the ANP (3/57, 5%) and placebo (7/60, 12%) groups ( P = 0.36). Changes in serum mercury and arsenic concentrations were comparable. In patients with large artery atherosclerosis, ANP reduced the cerebral infarct volume at 14 days (median difference: -12.3 mL; IQR: -27.7 to -0.3 mL, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: ANP showed a similar safety profile to placebo and non-significant tendency to reduce cerebral infarct volume in patients with moderate-to-severe stroke. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy of ANP in reducing cerebral infarcts and improving clinical prognosis. TRAIL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov , No. NCT04475328.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy* ; Pilot Projects ; Stroke/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Stroke is the leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide, including China. This study aimed to provide timely updates on stroke burden and stroke-related risk factors to help improve population-based prevention and control strategies. METHODS: Based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2021, incidence rate, prevalence rate, mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rate were used to estimate stroke burden trend from 1990 to 2021. RESULTS: In 2021, China had 4.1 million incident stroke cases, 26.3 million prevalent stroke cases, 2.6 million stroke related deaths, and 53.2 million stroke related DALYs, compared to 11.9 million incident stroke cases, 93.8 million prevalent stroke cases, 7.3 million stroke related deaths, and 160.5 million stroke-related DALYs worldwide. In 2021, the top six risk factors contributing to stroke burden were high blood pressure, air pollution, tobacco consumption, dietary risk factors, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting plasma glucose, both in China and worldwide. From 1990 to 2021, China had significant increases of incidence rate, prevalence rate, mortality rate, and DALY rate for stroke, with estimates of 100.6 (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]: 87.2, 114.1)%, 102.9 (95% UI: 95.5, 110.9)%, 40.0 (95% UI: 14.9, 72.3)% and 15.7 (95% UI: -4.6, 41.2)%, respectively, while global incidence rate, prevalence rate, mortality rate and DALY rate for total stroke showed relatively moderate increases or even decreases, with estimates of 15.0 (95% UI: 12.1,18.0)%, 25.8 (95% UI: 23.7, 28.0)%, -2.6 (95% UI: -10.6, 5.5)%, and -10.7 (95% UI: -17.7, -3.6)%, respectively. CONCLUSION Stroke remains a huge disease burden worldwide and in China, and compared to the worldwide China has a significantly higher burden of stroke.
Humans ; Stroke/etiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Global Burden of Disease ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Prevalence ; Incidence ; Female ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Male

Objective To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture in alleviating hyperlipidemia in a rat model by modulating mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)-mediated lipophagy in hepatocytes.Methods A total of 30 SD rats were randomly divided into blank(n=6)and modeling groups(n=24)using the random number table method.A hyperlipidemic rat model was established by feeding rats a high-fat diet(feeding for 8 weeks).After successful modeling,the modeling group was randomly divided into the model,electroacupuncture,mTORC1 inhibitor,and electroacupuncture+mTORC1 agonist groups,with six rats in each group.Except for the blank group,all other rats were fed with high fat diet.Rats in the electroacupuncture and electroacupuncture+mTORC1 agonist groups received electroacupuncture intervention at bilateral"Fenglong"(ST40)acupoints(dilatational wave 2 Hz/100 Hz,current intensity 1 mA)for 30 min once daily.Rats in the mTORC1 inhibitor group received intraperitoneal injections of the mTORC1 inhibitor,rapamycin(2 mg/kg),once daily.Rats in the electroacupuncture+mTORC1 agonist group received intraperitoneal injections of the mTORC1 agonist MHY1485(10 mg/kg)once daily.The interventions were administered for five consecutive days per week for 4 weeks.Upon completion of the intervention,the following analyses were performed:serum contents of total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TAG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),free fatty acids(FFA),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were measured using a fully automated biochemical analyzer.Hepatic histopathological changes and lipid deposition were observed using hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O staining.The liver condition was observed and the liver index was calculated.Hepatic TC and TAG levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The ultrastructure of the liver tissue was observed using transmission electron microscopy,and the mean fluorescence intensity of perilipin 2(PLIN2)and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ in the liver tissue was detected using immunofluorescence.Protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)/mTOR,and mTORC1 in liver tissue was detected using Western blotting.Results Compared to the blank group,the model group rats showed increased serum TC,TAG,LDL-C,ALT,AST,and FFA levels,along with decreased HDL-C levels(P<0.05).The liver index and hepatic TC and TAG levels were also elevated(P<0.05).Histological examination of liver tissue revealed substantial lipid accumulation,numerous lipid droplets within hepatocytes,abnormal mitochondrial morphology,and scarce autophagic vacuole.The mean fluorescence intensity of PLIN2 increased,whereas that of LC3-Ⅱ decreased(P<0.05).Additionally,the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio was reduced,whereas the p-mTOR/mTOR ratio and mTORC1 protein expression were increased(P<0.05).Compared to the model group,rats in the mTORC1 inhibitor and electroacupuncture groups exhibited decreased serum TC,TAG,LDL-C,ALT,AST,and FFA levels(P<0.05),along with a reduced liver index and hepatic TC and TAG levels(P<0.05).Histological examination showed markedly attenuated lipid accumulation and visible autophagic vacuole in the hepatocytes.The mean fluorescence intensity of PLIN2 decreased,whereas that of LC3-Ⅱ increased(P<0.05).Moreover,the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio increased,whereas the p-mTOR/mTOR ratio and mTORC1 protein expression decreased(P<0.05).In comparison with both the electroacupuncture and mTORC1 inhibitor groups,the electroacupuncture+mTORC1 agonist group demonstrated increased serum TAG,TC,LDL-C,ALT,AST,and FFA levels(P<0.05)as well as elevated liver index and hepatic TC and TAG levels(P<0.05).Liver tissues exhibited aggravated lipid deposition and absence of autophagic vacuole in liver cells.The mean fluorescence intensity of PLIN2 was enhanced,whereas that of LC3-Ⅱ was reduced(P<0.05).Furthermore,the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio decreased,and the p-mTOR/mTOR ratio and mTORC1 protein expression increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at"Fenglong"(ST40)may improve blood lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats by inhibiting mTORC1 and promoting hepatocyte lipophagy.