The gradient field, one of the core magnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, is generated by gradient coils and plays a critical role in spatial encoding and the generation of echo signals. The uniformity or linearity of the gradient field directly impacts the quality and distortion level of MRI images. However, traditional point measurement methods lack accuracy in assessing the linearity of gradient fields, making it difficult to provide effective parameters for image distortion correction. This paper introduced a spherical measurement-based method that involved measuring the magnetic field distribution on a sphere, followed by detailed magnetic field calculations and linearity analysis. This study, applied to assess the nonlinearity of asymmetric head gradient coils, demonstrated more comprehensive and precise results compared to point measurement methods. This advancement not only strengthens the scientific basis for the design of gradient coils but also provides more reliable parameters and methods for the accurate correction of MRI image distortions.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation* ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Magnetic Fields ; Algorithms ; Phantoms, Imaging

Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol on the tumor microenvironment in osteosarcoma. Methods A C57BL/6 xenograft mouse model was established and treated with resveratrol. Single-cell sequencing was performed to analyze changes in the tumor microenvironment. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess immune cell infiltration, while Western blotting was conducted to examine alterations in cellular signaling pathways. Results Resveratrol significantly inhibited the proliferation of LM8 osteosarcoma cells in C57BL/6 mice compared to the control group. Additionally, CD8⁺ T cell recruitment was enhanced. The Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway was notably downregulated in LM8 osteosarcoma cells following resveratrol treatment. Conclusion Resveratrol promotes CD8⁺ T cell infiltration by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent in osteosarcoma treatment.
Osteosarcoma/genetics* ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics* ; Resveratrol/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Janus Kinase 2/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice ; Humans ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Bone Neoplasms/metabolism* ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects* ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

HDAC7, a member of class IIa HDACs, plays a pivotal regulatory role in tumor, immune, fibrosis, and angiogenesis, rendering it a potential therapeutic target. Nevertheless, due to the high similarity in the enzyme active sites of class IIa HDACs, inhibitors encounter challenges in discerning differences among them. Furthermore, the substitution of key residue in the active pocket of class IIa HDACs renders them pseudo-enzymes, leading to a limited impact of enzymatic inhibitors on their function. In this study, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology was employed to develop HDAC7 drugs. We developed an exceedingly selective HDAC7 PROTAC degrader B14 which showcased superior inhibitory effects on cell proliferation compared to TMP269 in various diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Subsequent investigations unveiled that B14 disrupts BCL6 forming a transcriptional inhibition complex by degrading HDAC7, thereby exerting proliferative inhibition in DLBCL. Our study broadened the understanding of the non-enzymatic functions of HDAC7 and underscored the importance of HDAC7 in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, particularly in DLBCL and AML.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as a neurodegenerative disease, and it has been proposed that AD may be a systemic disease. Studies have reported associations between non-neurological diseases and AD. The correlations between AD pathology and systemic (non-neurological) pathological changes are intricate, and the mechanisms underlying these correlations and their causality are unclear. In this article, we review the association between AD and disorders of other systems. In addition, we summarize the possible mechanisms associated with AD and disorders of other systems, mainly from the perspective of AD pathology. Regarding the relationship between AD and systemic pathological changes, we aim to provide a new outlook on the early warning signs and treatment of AD, such as establishing a diagnostic and screening system based on more accessible peripheral samples.
Alzheimer Disease/therapy* ; Humans ; Brain/pathology*

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans ; Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Pulpitis/therapy* ; Pulpotomy/standards*

Intentional tooth replantation (ITR) is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions. ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth; evaluation of the root surface, endodontic manipulation, and repair; and placement of the tooth back into its original socket. Case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery. However, variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials. This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners; therefore, guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated. This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR, the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration, and the main complications of this treatment, aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies; the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.
Humans ; Tooth Replantation/methods* ; Consensus ; Periapical Periodontitis/surgery*

Objective Compared the 3-year retention rate and efficacy of levetiracetam(LEV),lamotrigine(LTG)and valproic acid(VPA)in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy.Methods According to the antiepileptic drugs selected for the first time,323 patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy were divided into the LEV group,LTG group and VPA group.They were followed up for more than 3 years by telephone and outpatient clinic.Results There were significant differences in the single drug retention rate and epileptiform discharge rate among the LEV group,LTG group and VPA group in the first 3 years(all P<0.05).Compared with those in LEV group,the single drug retention rates in LTG group were significantly decreased in the first year and the second year(χ2=6.265,χ2=5.376;all P<0.025),the epileptiform discharge rate were significantly increased in the first year and the second year(χ2=14.011,χ2=8.574;all P<0.025);the single drug retention rate in VPA group were significantly decreased in the second year and the third year(χ2=6.226,χ2=10.112;all P<0.025),the epileptiform discharge rate was significantly increased in the first year,the second year and the third year(χ2=11.504,χ2=14.206,χ2=7.596;all P<0.025).There were significant differences in the survival curve of single drug retention and epileptiform discharge among the LEV group,LTG group and VPA group(χ2=9.349,P<0.05;χ2=7.395,P<0.05).The survival curve of single drug retention in LEV group was significantly higher than that in LTG group(χ2=4.451,P<0.05)and VPA group(χ2=9.464,P<0.05).The survival curve of epileptiform discharge in LEV group was significantly lower than that in VPA group(χ2=7.523,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in drug effective rate and no epileptic seizure rate in the first 3 years between LEV group,LTG group and VPA group(all P>0.05).There was a significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions among the LEV group,LTG group and VPA group(χ2=8.068,P=0.018).Compared with that in LEV group,the incidence of adverse drug reactions in LTG group and VPA group were significantly increased(χ2=6.153,P=0.013;χ2=7.109,P=0.008).The main reasons for drug withdrawal,drug addiction and dressing change in LEV group were unsatisfactory curative effects,while those in LTG group and VPA group were adverse drug reactions.Conclusion The 3-year single drug retention rate of LEV is higher than that of LTG and VPA,and the EEG epileptiform discharge rate and the incidence of adverse drug reactions are significantly reduced,which was more suitable as the first choice for single drug treatment in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Objective:To investigate the influence of changes in the cognitive load of anesthesia residents on the teaching effectiveness of high-fidelity scenario simulation.Methods:Eighty-seven anesthesia residents in a grade-A tertiary hospital from February to November 2022 were divided into groups A, B, and C according to the random number method. Three cases were selected from the anesthesia crisis resource teaching case library for high-fidelity simulation training for the three groups, respectively, using the crossover design to control the order of the cases. Each round of training consisted of pre-training instruction, simulation teaching, and post-training summarization and analysis. After three rounds of simulation teaching, cognitive load, anxiety status, test scores, and non-technical skills were evaluated for all the study participants. SPSS 20.0 was used to perform analysis of variance with repeated measures and Pearson's correlation analysis.Results:All the three groups showed significantly higher cognitive load and anxiety scores during the first-round simulation training than during the second-round and third-round simulation trianing. The test scores were significantly lower in the first round [(87.07±5.66), (88.38±5.41), (89.07±6.17)] than in the second round [(95.69±2.29), (96.10±2.08), (96.07±2.60)] and the third round [(96.34±1.45), (96.38±1.50), (96.17±1.73); all P<0.05]. The non-technical skill scores were also significantly lower in the first round [(37.24±7.58), (38.69±7.27), (39.24±8.74)] than in the second round [(46.17±5.55), (47.07±5.59), (47.59±6.74)] and the third round [(47.17±5.21), (48.48±5.38), (48.24±6.83); all P<0.05]. For simulations with the same cases, the trainees showed significantly higher cognitive load and anxiety scores and significantly lower test scores and non-technical skill scores in the first round than in the second and third rounds ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Anesthesia residents have higher levels of cognitive load and anxiety in the first scenario simulation training, which can reduce learning outcomes, and repeated simulation training can reduce trainees' cognitive load and anxiety.

Objective To evaluate the value of a machine learning-based biparametric magnetic resonance imaging(bpMRI)radiomics model in predicting clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa)in the transitional zone.Methods A retrospective analysis was con-ducted on 507 cases in two medical centers.All patients underwent prostate MRI examinations before surgery,with complete patho-logical data.The case distribution was as follows:256 cases of csPCa,97 cases of clinically insignificant prostate cancer(ciPCa),and 154 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Using the R language,the data from Center One was randomly divided into training and test groups at a ratio of 7∶3,and the data from Center Two as an independent external validation group.The image features from T2 WI and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)were extracted,and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)was used to reduce dimensionality and filter features.Two datasets were constructed based on T2 WI features alone and combined T2 WI and DWI features.Six prediction models were established using random forest(RF),logistic regression(LR),and support vector machine(SVM).The efficacy of six models of T2 WI features and combined T2 WI and DWI features in the diagnosis of prostate dis-eases through receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,area under the curve(AUC),and decision curve analysis(DCA)were compared and evaluated.Results In the training group,feature screening identified 7 and 8 features from the T2WI single sequence and the T2WI with DWI dual sequence for csPCa prediction in the transitional zone.The results showed that the T2WI with DWI dual sequence RF model had the highest AUC performance.The AUC of the training,test,and validation groups were 0.950,0.866,and 0.818,respectively.The test group accuracy was 0.805,sensitivity was 0.690,and specificity was 0.920;the validation group accu-racy was 0.726,sensitivity was 0.661,and specificity was 0.793.DCA showed that within a wide probability threshold range,the T2 WI with DWI dual sequence RF model had the greatest net benefit.Conclusion Based on the bpMRI radiomics model,non-invasive prediction of csPCa in the transitional zone can be achieved before surgery,which helps to make clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Objective We systematically analyze the changes in the count and function of platelet at the early sepsis based on clinical study and single cell sequencing.Methods Clinical data of sepsis patients at the early stage were collected and had been compared between different prognostic groups in the prospective case-control study.The independent risk factors of death were analyzed by logistic regression,and the predictive efficacy of clini-cal indicators was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.The healthy volunteers and sepsis patients were recruited.Clinical researchers collected peripheral venous blood samples for sorting cell samples to carry out single-cell RNA sequencing(sc-RNA seq).Through bioinformatics techniques,we analyzed the changes in platelet count,the significantly differential-expressed genes and its enriched functional signaling pathways in the early stages of sepsis.Results(1)A total of 224 patients were enrolled,with a 90 day survival rate of 70.5%.Compared with the survival group,the count of platelet and MAP in the death group at the early stage of sepsis were significantly lower,but the plasma lactate content and SOFA score were significantly higher.(2)Based on single cell sequencing technology,cells are annotated as six groups.The proportion of innate immune cells(neutrophils,monocytes,and dendritic cells)was significantly increased in the early stage of sepsis compared to the healthy volun-teers(2.15∶1),while platelets significantly decreased(0.31∶1).(3)Through bioinformatics technology,CD41/CD42a/CD61 was identified as platelet specific molecules,with significantly increased expression levels in sepsis.Three molecules can distinguish platelets together.(4)771 genes were significantly upregulated and 1101 genes were significantly downregulated in platelets of patients with sepsis,including core molecules involved in physiological functions such as cell adhesion,chemotaxis,and immune response.Functional analysis suggests that differentially expressed genes are enriched in coagulation,immune functions and cell death,participating in oxidative phosphory-lation,leukocyte chemotaxis,iron death,and NOD like receptor signaling pathways.Conclusion Reduced platelet count is associated with poor prognosis in the early stage of sepsis.The specific high expression molecules CD41/CD42a/CD61 that are significantly upregulated in platelets can serve as biomarkers for platelets.Platelets not only mediate cell adhesion and coagulation cascade,but also participate in functional changes such as immune cell chemotaxis,inflammatory response,and the pathological death of inflammatory cells.