Objective To compare the value of ultrashort echo time(UTE)and T1W sequences for detecting bone erosions of gouty arthritis.Methods Forty-four gouty patients were prospectively enrolled,including 32 cases with affected feet and 12 cases with affected knee.MR UTE and T1W sequence scanning of the affected area were performed,and subjectively scoring of imaging quality of 2 kinds of MRI were evaluated,respectively.Then total number and total score of bone erosions of each case were calculated according to all affected bones.Taken DECT as reference standard,the efficacy of UTE and T1WI for detecting bone erosions was assessed through comparing with DECT using Kappa coefficient.Results The imaging quality score of T1WI was lower than that of DECT(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found between UTE and DECT(all P＞0.05).There was high agreement between UTE and DECT for detecting bone erosions(κ=0.949),while the agreement between T1WI and DECT ranged from good to high(κ=0.718 to 0.805).The total number and total score of bone erosions based on T1WI were significantly lower than those based on DECT(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found between UTE and DECT(all P＞0.05).Conclusion UTE was better than T1WI for detecting bone erosions of gouty arthritis.

Objective:To develop fluorescent nanoprobes with aggregation-induced emission characteristics and to systematically evaluate their optical properties, biosafety, anti-tumor activity, and imaging capability, thereby assessing their potential for early precision diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer in mice.Methods:Control probes (PEG@TPD) were prepared by encapsulating ( E)-4-(2-(4′-(1-phenyl-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)vinyl)biphenyl-4-yl)vinyl)-4-(dicyanomethylene)-4 H-chromene (TPD) using 1,2-distearoyl- SN-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine- N-polyethylene glycol 2000-maleimide as the carrier. Fluorescent nanoprobes (GE11-PEG@TPD) were subsequently fabricated by surface modification with the targeting GE11 peptide. The morphology and particle size of the nanoprobes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The optical properties of the nanoprobes were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Mouse squamous carcinoma SCC-7 cells were randomly divided into six groups by the random number table method. The PBS, PEG@TPD, and GE11-PEG@TPD groups were not treated with light, while the PBS+L, PEG@TPD+L, and GE11-PEG@TPD+L groups were exposed to white light (25 W/cm 2, 10 min) at a nanoprobe concentration of 20 μg/ml (based on TPD concentration). Cell survival rate was assessed by the cell counting kit-8 assay. Cellular uptake, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and cytotoxicity were evaluated using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The apoptosis rate was evaluated by cell apoptosis assay. Twelve 6-week-old female C3H/HeN mice were randomly divided into two groups: PEG@TPD-1 group and GE11-PEG@TPD-1 group, with 6 mice in each group. Subcutaneous oral cancer models were established by injecting SCC-7 cell suspensions into the dorsal region of mice in two groups. Each mouse was intravenously administered 200 μl of PEG@TPD or GE11-PEG@TPD solution (1 mg/ml, based on TPD concentration). Tumor boundaries and scope were visualized using a small animal in vivo imaging system. At the optimal imaging time point, three mice from each group were euthanized, and major organs and tumor tissues were collected to measure probe accumulation. Statistical comparisons between two groups were performed using independent samples t-tests, while one-way or two-way analysis of variance was applied for multiple group comparisons. Results:Both PEG@TPD and GE11-PEG@TPD exhibited a relatively regular sphere, with average particle sizes of (92.76±8.80 and 117.50±6.40) nm, respectively. PEG@TPD showed two obvious absorption peaks at 352 and 444 nm. GE11 peptide showed a polypeptide characteristic absorption peak at 280 nm, GE11-PEG@TPD showed three characteristic absorption peaks at 280, 352 and 444 nm. Under dark conditions, cell survival rate remained above 80% even at a concentration of 160 μg/ml. After light irradiation, cell survival rate in the PEG@TPD+L group at 20 and 40 μg/ml [(68.2±5.2)% and (48.6±7.1)%] were higher than those in the GE11-PEG@TPD+L group [(55.0±2.8)% and (30.0±9.2)%], with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05, 0.01). At incubation time points of 2, 4, and 6 h, the relative fluorescence intensity of the GE11-PEG@TPD group (119.4±10.2, 192.9±14.2, and 234.1±4.8) were higher than those of the PEG@TPD group (98.6±7.5, 163.8±3.1, 204.6±11.2), with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The relative fluorescence intensity of the PEG@TPD+L and GE11-PEG@TPD+L group (68.5±4.7 and 86.8±10.0) were higher than those in the PBS, PEG@TPD, GE11-PEG@TPD, and PBS+L groups (6.1±8.0, 7.6±1.8, 4.7±4.2 and 21.1±7.6), with statistically significant differences (all P<0.01). And the difference between the GE11-PEG@TPD+L and PEG@TPD+L groups was also statistically significant ( P<0.05). Viable cell proportions in the PBS, PEG@TPD, GE11-PEG@TPD, and PBS+L groups all exceeded 95.0%, while those in the PEG@TPD+L and GE11-PEG@TPD+L groups decreased to (11.1±3.7)% and (4.3±1.1)%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between them ( P<0.05). The apoptotic cell proportions in the PEG@TPD+L and GE11-PEG@TPD+L groups [(40.5±4.3)% and (55.3±7.4)%] were higher than those in the PBS, PEG@TPD, GE11-PEG@TPD, and PBS+L groups [(27.3±2.0)%, (28.2±1.9)%, (28.6±1.2)%, and (29.7±3.0)%], with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05, 0.01). Moreover, the difference between the GE11-PEG@TPD+L and the PEG@TPD+L groups was also statistically significant ( P<0.01). The mean fluorescence intensities of the GE11-PEG@TPD-1 group at 1, 3, 5, 8, and 24 h, as well as in ex vivo tumor tissues[(5.2±0.8, 5.9±0.7, 6.6±1.0, 7.9±0.6, 7.8±0.7 and 20.6±3.5)×10 6 p/s/cm 2/sr] were all higher than those in the PEG@TPD-1 group [(3.2±0.7, 4.2±0.7, 4.6±0.9, 5.1±0.9, 4.7±0.9 and 14.2±1.8)×10 6 p/s/cm 2/sr], with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05, 0.01). Conclusions:The fluorescent nanoprobes exhibit uniform particle size, high photostability, and good biocompatibility. They demonstrate significant tumor-killing effects at the cellular level and possess tumor-targeting capability in vivo, showing promising application potential for the early precision diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer.

Objective To assess the exposure levels of heavy metals,including lead,arsenic,mercury,and cadmium,in the local population in Sichuan and Chongqing,China,to compare and analyze the differences in reference intervals(RIs)obtained from direct and indirect sampling methods,and to explore the interchangeability and limitations of these two sampling methods.Methods RIs were obtained by the direct sampling method and the indirect sampling method.In the direct sample method,the levels of blood arsenic,urinary cadmium,urinary mercury,and blood lead levels of 5562 healthy participants aged 22-50 years in Sichuan and Chongqing,China were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.Using the human biomonitoring(HBM)data,we established RIs for the population by a nonparametric method.On the other hand,in the indirect sampling method,RIs were established via a nonparametric method based on data from the laboratory information system(LIS)of a local hospital after stratifying healthy individuals using a Gaussian mixture model(GMM).Comparative analysis of the RIs derived from the two sampling methods were then conducted.Results The RI for blood arsenic was 0.11-1.3 μmol/L.The RI for urinary cadmium was 0.51-2.80 μmol/mol creatine for adults aged 22 to under 43 years and 0.66-2.96 μmol/mol creatine for adults aged 43-50 years.The RI for urinary mercury was 0.12-1.10 μmol/mol creatine.The RI for blood lead was 14.00-47.00 pg/L for adults aged 22 to under 41 year,16.00-53.38 pg/L for males aged 41-50 year,and 15.00-51.02 pg/L for females aged 41-50 year.Most of the RIs established by the direct sampling method had a narrower range compared to those established by the indirect sampling method,and the RIs established by both sampling methods were partially biased.Conclusions The RIs for blood arsenic,urine cadmium,urine mercury,and blood lead in healthy individuals aged 22-50 years in Sichuan and Chongqing,China were established using both direct and indirect sampling methods,which contributes to a better understanding of environmental exposure to metals in the general population and provides a reference for metal poisoning.For data from the same lab,the GMM-based indirect sampling method demonstrated relatively consistent performance in establishing RIs compared with the direct sampling method.

Objective To explore the differences in the radiological features,clinical,and laboratory indicators of frequent versus infrequent gout flares in the feet and ankles using dual-energy computed tomography(DECT).Methods A retrospective selection was made on 385 gout patients,who were divided into the frequent flare group(≥2 gout attacks per year,219 cases)and the infre-quent flare group(<2 gout attacks per year,166 cases).Clinical data,laboratory indicators,and DECT imaging findings were col-lected for statistical analysis.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for frequent gout flares and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted.Results Statistically significant differences were found between the fre-quent flare group and the infrequent flare group in terms of disease duration,body mass index(BMI),blood pressure,triglyceride(TG),serum uric acid(SUA),monosodium urate(MSU)crystal deposition,total volume of MSU crystals,maximum diameter of individ-ual tophi,number of affected joints,bone erosion,maximum depth of bone erosion,soft tissue swelling,bone proliferation and sclero-sis,and joint space narrowing(P<0.05).SUA levels,MSU crystal deposition,total volume of MSU crystals,and maximum depth of bone erosion were identified as independent risk factors for frequent gout(P<0.05).Both the combination of four factors model and the maximum depth of bone erosion model had better diagnostic efficacy.Conclusion Gout patients with high SUA levels,MSU crystal deposition,larger total volume of MSU crystals,and greater maximum depth of bone erosion are more likely to experience frequent gout attacks.Patients with bone erosion depth>3.200 mm are more likely identified early as having frequent gout.

Objective To explore the differences in the radiological features,clinical,and laboratory indicators of frequent versus infrequent gout flares in the feet and ankles using dual-energy computed tomography(DECT).Methods A retrospective selection was made on 385 gout patients,who were divided into the frequent flare group(≥2 gout attacks per year,219 cases)and the infre-quent flare group(<2 gout attacks per year,166 cases).Clinical data,laboratory indicators,and DECT imaging findings were col-lected for statistical analysis.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for frequent gout flares and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted.Results Statistically significant differences were found between the fre-quent flare group and the infrequent flare group in terms of disease duration,body mass index(BMI),blood pressure,triglyceride(TG),serum uric acid(SUA),monosodium urate(MSU)crystal deposition,total volume of MSU crystals,maximum diameter of individ-ual tophi,number of affected joints,bone erosion,maximum depth of bone erosion,soft tissue swelling,bone proliferation and sclero-sis,and joint space narrowing(P<0.05).SUA levels,MSU crystal deposition,total volume of MSU crystals,and maximum depth of bone erosion were identified as independent risk factors for frequent gout(P<0.05).Both the combination of four factors model and the maximum depth of bone erosion model had better diagnostic efficacy.Conclusion Gout patients with high SUA levels,MSU crystal deposition,larger total volume of MSU crystals,and greater maximum depth of bone erosion are more likely to experience frequent gout attacks.Patients with bone erosion depth>3.200 mm are more likely identified early as having frequent gout.

Objective To compare the value of ultrashort echo time(UTE)and T1W sequences for detecting bone erosions of gouty arthritis.Methods Forty-four gouty patients were prospectively enrolled,including 32 cases with affected feet and 12 cases with affected knee.MR UTE and T1W sequence scanning of the affected area were performed,and subjectively scoring of imaging quality of 2 kinds of MRI were evaluated,respectively.Then total number and total score of bone erosions of each case were calculated according to all affected bones.Taken DECT as reference standard,the efficacy of UTE and T1WI for detecting bone erosions was assessed through comparing with DECT using Kappa coefficient.Results The imaging quality score of T1WI was lower than that of DECT(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found between UTE and DECT(all P＞0.05).There was high agreement between UTE and DECT for detecting bone erosions(κ=0.949),while the agreement between T1WI and DECT ranged from good to high(κ=0.718 to 0.805).The total number and total score of bone erosions based on T1WI were significantly lower than those based on DECT(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found between UTE and DECT(all P＞0.05).Conclusion UTE was better than T1WI for detecting bone erosions of gouty arthritis.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor as the second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 63 patients with advanced HCC who were admitted to Department of Interventional Radiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,from January 2018 to December 2022,and all patients experienced progression/intolerance after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with first-line TKI and were switched to second-line TKI with or without immune checkpoint inhibitor.The 32 patients receiving second-line TKI with immune checkpoint inhibitor were enrolled as combination group,and the 31 patients receiving second-line TKI alone were enrolled as single treatment group.Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors was used to evaluate tumor response,and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 5.0 was used to evaluate adverse events.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate median overall survival(mOS)and median progression-free survival(mPFS)for the two groups,and the two groups were compared in terms of objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR).The chi-square test was used for comparison of baseline data and follow-up results between groups.Results The median follow-up time was 16.5(3.2-53.4)months for the 63 patients.The combination group had an mOS of 24.3(95%confidence interval[CI]:20.0-28.6)months and an mPFS of 9.8(95%CI:7.5-12.1)months,while the single treatment group had an mOS of 15.8(95%CI:11.4-20.1)months and an mPFS of 4.1(95%CI:3.2-4.9)months,and there were significant differences in mOS and mPFS between the two groups(P=0.029 and 0.038).The combination group had an ORR of 47%and a DCR of 84%,while the single treatment group had an ORR of 19%and a DCR of 65%;there was a significant difference in ORR between the two groups(P=0.021),but with no significant difference in DCR between the two groups(P=0.070).As for adverse events,4 patients(12.5%)in the combination group and 3(10.0%)in the single treatment group experienced grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ serious adverse events,with no fatal drug reactions in either group,and there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse events between the two groups(P=0.783).Conclusion Compared with TKI alone,TKI combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor has a more significant therapeutic effect as the second-line therapy for advanced HCC,without increasing serious adverse reactions.

Objective:To investigate the quality of life (QoL) and its related influencing factors of patients undergoing laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair (LHHR).Methods:The retrospec-tive cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 215 patients undergoing LHHR in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University from August 2020 to April 2022 were collected. There were 90 males and 125 females, aged (62±14)years. All patients underwent symptom scoring and quality of life assessment 6 months after LHHR. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison before and after operation within the group was conducted using the paired t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Stepwise linear regression analysis was used for influencing factors analysis. Optimal model was selected based on Akaike information criterion. Results:(1) Treatment. Of 215 patients, 162 cases underwent LHHR+gastric fundus folding surgery (Dor surgery), and 53 cases underwent LHHR+reconstruction of HIS angle. The score of visual analogue scale (VAS) of heartburn symptoms in 215 patients 6 months after surgery was 0(range, 0-4), with the score of VAS of acid reflux symptoms was 0(range, 0-9), the score of VAS of belching symptoms was 0(range, 0-9), the score of VAS of chest pain symptoms was 0(range, 0-9), the score of VAS of early satiety symptoms was 0(range, 0-9), respectively. (2) Assessment of QoL before and after surgery. The score of MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) of physiological function in 215 patients before and after LHHR was 80±24 and 87±18, with the score of SF-36 of physiological functionality before and after LHHR was 49±45 and 68±38, the score of SF-36 of body pain before and after LHHR was 65±23 and 74±19, the score of SF-36 of general health condition before and after LHHR was 46±7 and 51±9, the score of SF-36 of vigour before and after LHHR was 67±19 and 75±17, the score of SF-36 of social function before and after LHHR was 71±24 and 81±18, the score of SF-36 of emotional function before and after LHHR was 60±45 and 77±33, the score of SF-36 of emotional health before and after LHHR was 68±19 and 76±17, the score of SF-36 of health change before and after LHHR was 33±19 and 57±28. There were significant differences in the above indicators before and after surgery ( t=-7.82, -8.73, -8.20, -10.08, -9.75, -8.83, -8.00, -9.88, -12.95, P<0.05). (3) Factors influencing physical compo-nent summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) 6 months after LHHR. Results of multi-variate analysis showed that gender, age, mental disease, cerebral infarction, hypoproteinemia, score of VAS of acid reflux 6 month after surgery and score of VAS of chest pain 6 month after surgery were independent factors influencing PCS 6 months after LHHR ( P<0.05), and mental disease, malignant tumor, hypoproteinemia, score of VAS of heartburn 6 month after surgery and score of VAS of belching 6 month after surgery were independent factors influencing MCS 6 months after LHHR ( P<0.05). Conclusions:LHHR can improve patients′ QoL. Gender, age, mental disease, cerebral infarc-tion, hypoproteinemia, score of VAS of acid reflux 6 month after surgery and score of VAS of chest pain 6 month after surgery are independent factors influencing PCS 6 months after LHHR, and mental disease, malignant tumor, hypoproteinemia, score of VAS of heartburn 6 month after surgery and score of VAS of belching 6 month after surgery are independent factors influencing MCS 6 months after LHHR.

Objective:To investigate the quality of life (QoL) and its related influencing factors of patients undergoing laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair (LHHR).Methods:The retrospec-tive cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 215 patients undergoing LHHR in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University from August 2020 to April 2022 were collected. There were 90 males and 125 females, aged (62±14)years. All patients underwent symptom scoring and quality of life assessment 6 months after LHHR. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison before and after operation within the group was conducted using the paired t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Stepwise linear regression analysis was used for influencing factors analysis. Optimal model was selected based on Akaike information criterion. Results:(1) Treatment. Of 215 patients, 162 cases underwent LHHR+gastric fundus folding surgery (Dor surgery), and 53 cases underwent LHHR+reconstruction of HIS angle. The score of visual analogue scale (VAS) of heartburn symptoms in 215 patients 6 months after surgery was 0(range, 0-4), with the score of VAS of acid reflux symptoms was 0(range, 0-9), the score of VAS of belching symptoms was 0(range, 0-9), the score of VAS of chest pain symptoms was 0(range, 0-9), the score of VAS of early satiety symptoms was 0(range, 0-9), respectively. (2) Assessment of QoL before and after surgery. The score of MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) of physiological function in 215 patients before and after LHHR was 80±24 and 87±18, with the score of SF-36 of physiological functionality before and after LHHR was 49±45 and 68±38, the score of SF-36 of body pain before and after LHHR was 65±23 and 74±19, the score of SF-36 of general health condition before and after LHHR was 46±7 and 51±9, the score of SF-36 of vigour before and after LHHR was 67±19 and 75±17, the score of SF-36 of social function before and after LHHR was 71±24 and 81±18, the score of SF-36 of emotional function before and after LHHR was 60±45 and 77±33, the score of SF-36 of emotional health before and after LHHR was 68±19 and 76±17, the score of SF-36 of health change before and after LHHR was 33±19 and 57±28. There were significant differences in the above indicators before and after surgery ( t=-7.82, -8.73, -8.20, -10.08, -9.75, -8.83, -8.00, -9.88, -12.95, P<0.05). (3) Factors influencing physical compo-nent summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) 6 months after LHHR. Results of multi-variate analysis showed that gender, age, mental disease, cerebral infarction, hypoproteinemia, score of VAS of acid reflux 6 month after surgery and score of VAS of chest pain 6 month after surgery were independent factors influencing PCS 6 months after LHHR ( P<0.05), and mental disease, malignant tumor, hypoproteinemia, score of VAS of heartburn 6 month after surgery and score of VAS of belching 6 month after surgery were independent factors influencing MCS 6 months after LHHR ( P<0.05). Conclusions:LHHR can improve patients′ QoL. Gender, age, mental disease, cerebral infarc-tion, hypoproteinemia, score of VAS of acid reflux 6 month after surgery and score of VAS of chest pain 6 month after surgery are independent factors influencing PCS 6 months after LHHR, and mental disease, malignant tumor, hypoproteinemia, score of VAS of heartburn 6 month after surgery and score of VAS of belching 6 month after surgery are independent factors influencing MCS 6 months after LHHR.