Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang was first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage （Shang Han Lun）. This prescription is composed of Bupleuri Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Zingiberis Rhizoma， Trichosanthis Radix， Ostreae Concha， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. It has the effects of soothing Lesser Yang， warming the spleen， and stimulating the generation of body fluid. It is mainly used to treat digestive tract diseases such as chronic cholecystitis （CC）， irritable bowel syndrome， and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dyspepsia caused by CC presents a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain， poor appetite， postprandial fullness， aversion to greasy food， soft stool， and bitter mouth， being a type of biliary dyspepsia. In modern medicine， dyspepsia caused by CC is mainly managed by medical treatment and surgical treatment. Internal medicine mainly focuses on reducing inflammation， promoting the function of gallbladder， resolving stones， alleviating spasms， and relieving the pain for CC， demonstrating definite short-term efficacy but suffering from single effects， high recurrence rate， and poor compliance. Although surgical treatment can cure cholecystitis， it is accompanied by the increased incidence of adverse events such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and dyspepsia. Modern clinical studies have confirmed that Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang can significantly alleviate the symptoms such as abdominal pain and dyspepsia of CC patients. Pharmacological studies have found that Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang mainly contains active ingredients such as Bupleuri Radix saponins， baicalin， cinnamaldehyde， gingerol， Trichosanthis Radix polysaccharide， Ostreae Concha polysaccharide， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma total flavonoids. Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang can ameliorate the symptoms of dyspepsia caused by CC by inhibiting inflammatory responses， improving gallbladder contraction and gastrointestinal motility， regulating the bile acid-intestinal flora axis and the brain-gut axis， and modulating blood lipids through multiple targets. By reviewing the previous literature， this article summarizes the research progress in the treatment of dyspepsia caused by CC with Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang and its main active ingredients as well as the pathogenesis of this disease and puts forward the shortcomings and improvement strategies for the current research. The review aims to provide a reference for the further research on Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang in the treatment of dyspepsia caused by CC.

Objective: To investigate the interactive effects of prenatal and postnatal factors on overweight and obesity in preschool children, so as to provide evidence for subsequent planning of prevention strategies and intervention measures. Methods: Between October 2020 and June 2021, a convenience cluster sample of 918 preschool children from four kindergartens in Xuzhou urban area underwent questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. The Chi square test was used to compare intergroup differences in overweight and obesity prevalence. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the effects of prenatal and postnatal factors, as well as their interactions, on overweight and obesity in preschool children. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children was 30.8%, with boys exhibiting a higher rate (37.0%) than girls (24.8%). Statistically significant differences in overweight and obesity prevalence were observed across age groups, genders, paternal pre pregnancy body mass index (BMI), paternal educational level, delivery mode, antibiotic use within the six months after birth, and rapid weight gain during infancy ( χ 2=5.08-17.67, all P <0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, gender, the only child, parental educational level and parental average monthly income, interaction analysis revealed that when the father was overweight or obese before conception, children delivered by caesarean section had an increased risk of overweight or obesity ( OR= 2.05 , 95%CI =1.02-3.39), and children with rapid weight gain during infancy also had an increased risk ( OR=2.05, 95%CI = 1.08 -3.88) (both P <0.05). Gender stratified analysis revealed that the interaction between paternal pre pregnancy BMI and mode of delivery on overweight and obesity was more pronounced among girls ( OR=4.00, 95%CI=1.51-10.58, P <0.05). While the interaction between the father s pre pregnancy BMI and rapid weight gain during infancy was more pronounced in boys ( OR= 2.85 , 95%CI=1.14-7.08, P <0.05). No significant interactions between prenatal and postnatal factors on overweight and obesity in preschool children were observed (all P >0.05). Conclusions Multiple prenatal and postnatal factors influence overweight and obesity in preschool children. Attention should be paid to mode of delivery and infant weight gain, particularly when the father is overweight or obese, to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in preschool children.

Objective To assess the exposure levels of heavy metals,including lead,arsenic,mercury,and cadmium,in the local population in Sichuan and Chongqing,China,to compare and analyze the differences in reference intervals(RIs)obtained from direct and indirect sampling methods,and to explore the interchangeability and limitations of these two sampling methods.Methods RIs were obtained by the direct sampling method and the indirect sampling method.In the direct sample method,the levels of blood arsenic,urinary cadmium,urinary mercury,and blood lead levels of 5562 healthy participants aged 22-50 years in Sichuan and Chongqing,China were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.Using the human biomonitoring(HBM)data,we established RIs for the population by a nonparametric method.On the other hand,in the indirect sampling method,RIs were established via a nonparametric method based on data from the laboratory information system(LIS)of a local hospital after stratifying healthy individuals using a Gaussian mixture model(GMM).Comparative analysis of the RIs derived from the two sampling methods were then conducted.Results The RI for blood arsenic was 0.11-1.3 μmol/L.The RI for urinary cadmium was 0.51-2.80 μmol/mol creatine for adults aged 22 to under 43 years and 0.66-2.96 μmol/mol creatine for adults aged 43-50 years.The RI for urinary mercury was 0.12-1.10 μmol/mol creatine.The RI for blood lead was 14.00-47.00 pg/L for adults aged 22 to under 41 year,16.00-53.38 pg/L for males aged 41-50 year,and 15.00-51.02 pg/L for females aged 41-50 year.Most of the RIs established by the direct sampling method had a narrower range compared to those established by the indirect sampling method,and the RIs established by both sampling methods were partially biased.Conclusions The RIs for blood arsenic,urine cadmium,urine mercury,and blood lead in healthy individuals aged 22-50 years in Sichuan and Chongqing,China were established using both direct and indirect sampling methods,which contributes to a better understanding of environmental exposure to metals in the general population and provides a reference for metal poisoning.For data from the same lab,the GMM-based indirect sampling method demonstrated relatively consistent performance in establishing RIs compared with the direct sampling method.

Objective To systematically search,evaluate,and summarize the evidence for risk management of breast and ovarian cancers in carriers of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2(BRCA1/2)mutations.Methods A systematic search was conducted in BMJ Best Practice,UpTo-Date,the National Guideline Clearinghouse(NGC),the National Institute for Health and Care Ex-cellence(NICE),the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network(SIGN),the Guidelines Interna-tional Network(GIN),the New Zealand Guidelines Group(NZGG),the Canadian Medical Associa-tion Infobase(CMA InfoBase),the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario(RNAO),the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN),Cancer Care Ontario(CCO),the Medlive website,the American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO),the European Society for Medical Oncology(ESMO),the American Cancer Society(ACS),the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists(ACOG),the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI),the Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Em-base,CINAHL,ProQuest,ClinicalTrials.gov,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,VIP Database,and SinoMed for evidence related to risk management of breast and ovarian canc-ers in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers,including clinical decisions,guidelines,systematic reviews,expert consensus,and evidence summaries.The search period was from the inception of each database to September 20,2024.Results A total of 14 articles were included,comprising 1 clinical decision,8 guidelines,and 5 expert consensus documents.Based on five themes-risk assessment,risk moni-toring,risk-reducing surgery,pharmacologic prevention,and health guidance,a total of 24 pieces of evidence were summarized.Conclusion The evidence summarization process in this study is standardized,and the summarized evidence is relatively comprehensive.Healthcare professionals should comprehensively consider patients' individual characteristics,family history,personal prefer-ences,and the accessibility of healthcare resources to achieve effective prevention and control of he-reditary tumor risks.

Objective To explore the value of neutrophil extracellular trapping nets(neutrophil extracellular traps,NETs)in the diagnosis and monitoring of acute ischemic stroke(acute ischemic stroke,AIS).Methods From June 2023 to February 2024,63 patients newly diagnosed with AIS at the Ganmei Hospital Affiliated with Kunming Medical University were selected as the experimental group,and 58 non-AIS individuals matched in gender,age,and other characteristics were selected as the control group.The NETs levels of patients in the experimental group were detected before and 7-10 days after treatment,and general clinical data and related laboratory results were statistically analyzed.Results The experimental group showed significantly higher levels of NEUT,LYMPH,MONO,EO,FDP,D-dimer,and NETs compared to the control group(P<0.05).The NETs levels before treatment were significantly higher than those at 7～10 days after treatment and in the control group(P<0.05).The NETs levels 7～10 days after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).NEUT,MONO,FDP,D-dimer,and NIHSS scores were positively correlated with the pre-treatment NETs levels(P<0.05).Elevated serum NETs levels were associated with AIS risk factors(P<0.05).The combined diagnostic value of NEUT,D-dimer,and NETs for AIS was superior to other indicators.Conclusion NETs are highly expressed in the serum of patients with acute ischemic stroke,and serum NETs have certain value in the auxiliary diagnosis and monitoring of acute ischemic stroke.

Objective:Analyzing the epidemic trends and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of condyloma acuminatum in China from 2018 to 2023.Methods:Data of condyloma acuminatum cases and incidence rate including 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2018 to 2023 were collected through the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Incidence trend analysis was conducted using Joinpoint 4.9.1 software, and spatial autocorrelation analysis using ArcGIS 10.5 software. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis was carried out with SaTScan 10.1.2 software.Results:The incidence rate of condyloma acuminatum declined from 7.26 per 100 000 in 2018 to 7.19 per 100 000 in 2023. The average annual percent change was -0.26%, which was no statistically significant downward trend ( t=-0.26, P=0.806). A significant positive global spatial autocorrelation was observed in the county-level incidence rate across the country, with the global Moran's I ranging from 0.55 to 0.60 (all P<0.001); the Getis-Ord General test statistic Z( G) was all >1.96, indicating a high-value clustering pattern in the reported incidence rate of condyloma acuminatum. The local spatial autocorrelation analysis detected 256, 244, 246, 284, 308, and 315 hotspots each year, which were mainly located in the provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan and Chongqing. Spatio-temporal scanning analyses identified 76 statistically significant spatiotemporal clusters covering 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). Conclusions:From 2018 to 2023, the reported incidence rate of condyloma acuminata in China exhibited a mild decline. The distribution of hotspot areas and spatiotemporal clusters was largely consistent, primarily in the southeastern coastal and southwestern regions.

目的：探讨LINC00958/血管内皮生长因子C（VEGF-C）信号通路在宫颈癌的淋巴管生成和淋巴转移中的作用。方法：从2020年9月至2022年9月期间在河南省人民医院接受手术的患者中收集了42例宫颈癌组织标本，通过qPCR检测宫颈癌组织和宫颈癌细胞（Hela、C33A、SiHa、Caski）中LINC00958的表达情况。将LINC00958过表达载体（LINC00958组）或对照载体（CMV组）转染Caski细胞，敲减LINC00958（shLINC00958组）、VEGF-C（shVEGF-C组）的shRNA序列或阴性对照shRNA（shNC组）转染SiHa细胞。分别通过CCK-8法、Transwell实验检测过表达或敲减LINC00958对宫颈癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。观察转染后细胞的培养上清液对人淋巴管内皮细胞（HLEC）淋巴管形成能力的影响。建立小鼠腘淋巴结转移模型，观察过表达LINC00958或同时敲减VEGF-C对宫颈癌淋巴结转移的影响。结果：LINC00958在宫颈癌组织中呈高表达（P<0.001），高水平的LINC00958与大肿瘤、晚期肿瘤分级、浸润深度和淋巴转移有关联（P<0.05或P<0.01）。与正常人宫颈上皮细胞ende1617相比，宫颈癌细胞中LINC00958水平均显著升高（P<0.01或P<0.001）。shLINC00958组SiHa细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力及其培养上清液的促HLEC淋巴管形成能力均显著低于shNC组（P<0.05、P<0.01或P<0.001），LINC00958组Caski细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力及其培养上清液的促HLEC淋巴管形成能力显著高于CMV组（P<0.05、P<0.01或P<0.001）。通过RNA下拉、RNA免疫沉淀实验发现宫颈癌细胞中LINC00958能够特异性结合VEGF-C。LINC00958+shVEGF-C组Caski细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力及其培养上清液的促淋巴管形成能力显著低于LINC00958组（P<0.01或P<0.001）；在小鼠腘淋巴结转移模型中，LINC00958+shVEGF-C组中小鼠腘窝淋巴结的体积和VEGF-C蛋白、N-cadherin蛋白以及LYVE-1的阳性细胞比例均显著低于LINC00958组（均P<0.001）。结论：LINC00958通过直接与VEGF-C蛋白相互作用增强宫颈癌细胞的增殖、侵袭、淋巴管生成能力，促进小鼠腘淋巴结转移模型的淋巴结转移。

BACKGROUND:Superovulation is a common therapy in assisted reproductive technology.In clinical practice,some patients experience repeated superovulation to get pregnant. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of repeated superovulation on the developmental potential of oocytes in mice and humans. METHODS:Both animal experiments and retrospective clinical research were conducted.The animal study involved 90 SPF grade ICR 8-week-old female mice,who were randomly divided into three groups for 1,3,and 5 superovulations,respectively.The clinical study involved 306 patients who had undergone three consecutive in vitro fertilization cycles.The number of ovules obtained and embryonic development in different cycles were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The animal study indicated that repeated superovulation did not affect the embryonic development or developmental speed of mouse embryos.Similarly,there was no significant difference in the mouse blastocyst apoptosis,DNA damage,or the formation of inner cell mass and trophectoderm(P>0.05).(2)The clinical study also revealed no significant differences in the number of retrieved oocytes(8.60±5.04,8.58±4.87,and 8.38±4.63,P=0.81)and transferable embryos(2.42±1.99,2.40±1.92,and 2.64±2.00,P=0.26)over the three cycles.(3)In both the young group(<35 years)and the old group(≥35 years),the embryo quality was not affected by repeated superovulation(P>0.05).(4)These findings show that repeated superovulation does not affect the developmental potential of oocytes in mice and humans.

Objective To investigate the impact and significance of a precision nursing plan during the surgical manage-ment of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients.Methods From May 2022 to May 2023,70 patients with femoral neck frac-tures,including medium-sized neck and head-type,were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group equally.The two groups were managed with routine nursing interventions and specific nursing interventions,respectively.The two groups were compared in terms of the psychological status,complications,hip joint functions,and prognostic effects.Results After the intervention,the psychological status scores of both two groups significantly decreased.The observation group showed lower psy-chological status scores,indicating better psychological status compared to the control group(P＜0.05).The rate of postopera-tive complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Additionally,the scores of hip joint function in the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).At the time of dis-charge,the scores of self-care ability in both two groups had increased,and the scores of femoral head necrosis were significantly decreased after 3 months of interventions(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the self-care ability scores in the observation group were higher,and the scores of femoral head necrosis were lower compared to those of the control group,indicating that the prognosis of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The precise nursing interventions could effectively enhance the prognosis of elderly patients with femoral neck fractures and improve their self-care ability.