AIM:To investigate the effect of apoptosis stimulation protein 2(ASPP2)on the development of traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)in a rabbit model.METHODS:A total of 30 New Zealand white rabbits were selected, and the right eyes of all rabbits were inflicted with a scleral penetrating wound of approximately 6 mm. Then rabbits were randomly and evenly divided into experimental and control group. The experimental group received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL of ARPE-19 cell suspension transfected with lentivirus-ASPP2, while the control group received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL of ARPE-19 cell suspension transfected with negative control lentivirus. At 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after PVR modeling, a handheld tonometer was used to measure the intraocular pressure. Moreover, fundus photography and ocular ultrasound examination were performed to detect the retinal proliferation. At 4 wk after modeling, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphological retinal changes, and Western blot was used to determine the protein expressions of ASPP2 and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)marker Vimentin in the rabbit retinas.RESULTS:At 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after modeling, there were no significant changes in intraocular pressure within the experimental and control group of rabbit eyes, either before or after PVR modeling, the success rate of PVR modeling in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05), and the retinal proliferation and structural disorder was less severe in the experimental group. At 4 wk after modeling, the retinal protein expression level of ASPP2 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(t=3.193, P=0.033), while the Vimentin protein expression level was significantly lower in the experimental group(t=-3.599, P=0.023).CONCLUSION:ASPP2 may be involved in regulating the process of EMT in retinal pigment epithelial cells, thereby delaying the development and progression of traumatic PVR in rabbit eyes.

Astragaloside Ⅳ （AS-Ⅳ） is a natural triterpenoid saponin compound derived from Astragalus membranaceus and has shown significant potential in the regulation of liver diseases. This article reviews the latest research advances in AS-Ⅳ in the field of liver diseases in China and globally， and it is found that AS-Ⅳ exerts a liver-protecting effect by regulating lipid metabolism， exerting an anti-tumor/anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic effect， and modulating gut microbiota. Its mechanism of action involves multiple signaling pathways， such as AMPK， NLRP3， NF-κB， JAK2/STAT3， and Nrf2. These research findings provide a scientific basis for the development of liver-protecting drugs or functional foods based on the natural product AS-Ⅳ.

In recent years, fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET imaging, which targets the tumor microenvironment, has shown significant potential in evaluating solid tumors. Particularly, studies have demonstrated the value of 68Ga-FAPI PET in evaluation of gastric and colorectal cancer. This article reviews previous studies and provides an overview of how 68Ga-FAPI PET can be used in the diagnosis, staging, recurrence monitoring, clinical management, efficacy evaluation, and prognostic prediction of gastric and colorectal cancer, in order to provide a basis for the further utilization of this novel imaging agent, 68Ga-FAPI, in gastric and colorectal cancer.

Objective To systematically search,evaluate,and summarize the evidence for risk management of breast and ovarian cancers in carriers of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2(BRCA1/2)mutations.Methods A systematic search was conducted in BMJ Best Practice,UpTo-Date,the National Guideline Clearinghouse(NGC),the National Institute for Health and Care Ex-cellence(NICE),the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network(SIGN),the Guidelines Interna-tional Network(GIN),the New Zealand Guidelines Group(NZGG),the Canadian Medical Associa-tion Infobase(CMA InfoBase),the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario(RNAO),the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN),Cancer Care Ontario(CCO),the Medlive website,the American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO),the European Society for Medical Oncology(ESMO),the American Cancer Society(ACS),the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists(ACOG),the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI),the Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Em-base,CINAHL,ProQuest,ClinicalTrials.gov,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,VIP Database,and SinoMed for evidence related to risk management of breast and ovarian canc-ers in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers,including clinical decisions,guidelines,systematic reviews,expert consensus,and evidence summaries.The search period was from the inception of each database to September 20,2024.Results A total of 14 articles were included,comprising 1 clinical decision,8 guidelines,and 5 expert consensus documents.Based on five themes-risk assessment,risk moni-toring,risk-reducing surgery,pharmacologic prevention,and health guidance,a total of 24 pieces of evidence were summarized.Conclusion The evidence summarization process in this study is standardized,and the summarized evidence is relatively comprehensive.Healthcare professionals should comprehensively consider patients' individual characteristics,family history,personal prefer-ences,and the accessibility of healthcare resources to achieve effective prevention and control of he-reditary tumor risks.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth（SIBO）is a clinically common but poorly recognized disease with clinical symptoms that overlap with those of functional gastrointestinal disorders（FGID）. FGID is a common risk factor for the occurrence of SIBO，and its SIBO incidence rate is significantly higher than that of healthy people，and has a certain correlation. Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis（including SIBO）plays an important role in the pathophysiology of FGID. At present，the diagnosis and treatment of SIBO still face challenges，and the treatment plan of FGID is gradually introduced into the treatment of SIBO. SIBO and FGID are closely related in clinical manifestations，incidence rate，pathophysiology，treatment and other aspects，but there is little research on the relationship between them. Prospective and large-scale clinical research is still needed to improve understanding and diagnostic accuracy.This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between SIBO and FGID.

"Technology-consumption separation"in pricing of medical testing programs,refers to the medical testing programs in the pricing process will be the cost of technology and consumables cost accounting separately,this is the basis for large-scale centralized procurement of test reagents,for the standardization of medical testing programs to carry out,reduce the cost of medical testing programs is critical.The medical testing programs pricing"technology and consumption separation"of the connotation is deeply analyzed.It is considered that the main difficulties in the implementation of the"technology-consumption separation"in the pricing of medical testing programs are the difficulty of costing,the difficulty of calculating the use of special reagents,and the difficulty of policy implementation.The implementation of the"technology-consumption separation"in the pricing of medical testing programs are proposed from"pricing according to the current price minus the cost of specialized reagents","based on big data to measure the loss of specialized reagents"and"appropriate increase in the pricing level".

Under the new situation,the selection of operation assistants in public hospitals is a major measure to improve the level of lean operation management of hospitals,so it is very important to design a scientific and reasonable selection and training mechanism for operation assistants.Through literature research and drawing on the competency model,a tertiary grade A cardiovascular disease hospital was selected as a case study to explore the construction of a selection mechanism from four aspects:selection objects,selection conditions,selection methods and selection criteria.Five training mechanisms were formulated from five aspects:capacity improvement,clinical service,data analysis,evaluation and feedback,and organizational behavior norms,and then it was proposed that attention should be paid to the scientific,feasible,replicable and innovative nature of the selection and training mechanism,so as to build an effective public hospital operation assistant team.

Objective To understand the current situation of reprocessing reusable sterilized items in the central sterile supply departments(CSSD)of hospitals and provide a scientific basis for further standardized management.Methods Using the convenience sampling method,a self-designed questionnaire on the current situation of reprocessing of reusable disinfection items in CSSDs was used to conduct a survey in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)from June 11th to 23rd,2024.The questionnaire covered 2 aspects,including the basic situation of the hospital and the reprocessing of disinfection items.Results A total of 1 835 questionnaires were distributed,and 1 603 valid questionnaires were retrieved.Regarding the use of reusable disinfection items,with the most frequently used items being humidification bottles,tourniquets,breathing bags and their accessories,and ventilator tubing systems etc.Among them,1 558 hospitals(97.19％)established standardized disposal procedures,and 996 hospitals(62.13％)assigned dedica-ted personnel to be responsible.In terms of the reprocessing procedures of reusable disinfection items,all 1 603 hospitals carried out drying process for the items;the main packaging method was plastic self-sealing bags(59.95％),and 541 hospitals(33.75％)sterilized the packaging materials.Additionally,935 hospitals(58.33％)used oil-free air compressors;among them,51 hospitals(58.62％)installed activated carbon filters at the end of the compressors.Conclusion The current situation of reprocessing reusable sterilized items in CSSDs of nationwide hospitals needs improvement.It is recommended to strengthen the training of professional disinfection knowledge,unify the sterilization standards for plastic self-sealing bags,develop a storage management system,and adopt a medical air compressor system without oil and water to reduce the risk of hospital infections.

Objective To explore the mechanism of the thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)/thioredoxin-1(Trx-1)pathway in regulating the polarization of retinal microglia in rats after retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)in rats,and to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of retinal ischemia reperfusion injury(RIRI).Methods For-ty-two healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a Sham group,a RIRI group and a TXNIP siRNA group.The right eye of the rats was experimented.For RIRI and TXNIP siRNA groups,RIRI models were established using the anterior chamber high intraocular pressure method.Rats in the TXNIP siRNA group were given the intravitreal injection of TXNIP siRNA 3 d before modeling.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to analyze retinal histopathologic changes of rats in all groups 24 h after modeling.Immunohistochemical staining of brain-specific homeobox/POU domain proteins 3A(Brn-3a)was made to count the number of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).The dynamical changes in the number of TXNIP+cells 6 h,24 h,72 h and 7 d after modelling were analyzed through immunohistochemical staining in the RIRI group.The retinal microglia polarization and changes in the expression of TXNIP and Trx-1 proteins in each group were de-tected by double immunofluorescence staining and Western blot 24 h after modeling.Results HE staining results showed that 24 h after modelling,the retinal cells were disordered and the inner retinal layer was thickened and swelled in RIRI and TXNIP siRNA groups,compared with those in the Sham group(all P＜0.05).Immunohistochemical staining results of Brn-3a showed that 24 h after modeling,the number of Brn-3a+cells in RIRI and TXNIP siRNA groups significantly decreased,compared with that in the Sham group(both P＜0.05).The number of Brn-3a+cells in the TXNIP siRNA group was signifi-cantly higher than that in the RIRI group(P＜0.05).Immunohistochemical staining results of TXNIP at different time points after modeling showed that the expression of TXNIP+proteins started to increase 6 h after modeling.The TXNIP+protein level reached a peak at 24 h and then decreased gradually.Western blot results revealed that 24 h after modeling,RIRI and TXNIP siRNA groups had significantly higher TXNIP levels and significantly lower Trx-1 levels than the Sham group(all P＜0.05).Compared with those in the RIRI group,the expression of TXNIP proteins was significantly lower and the expression of Trx-1 proteins was significantly higher in the TXNIP siRNA group(both P＜0.05).Double immunofluores-cence staining showed that 24 h after modeling,Iba1+/CD206+cells were significantly more and Iba1+/CD16+cells were significantly less in the TXNIP siRNA group than those in the RIRI group(both P＜0.05).RIRI and TXNIP siRNA groups had significantly more Ibal+/TXNIP+cells and significantly less Iba1+/Trx-1+cells than the Sham group(both P＜0.05).The number of Iba1+/TXNIP+cells was significantly lower and the number of Iba1+/Trx-1+cells was significantly higher in the TXNIP siRNA group than those in the RIRI group(both P＜0.05).Conclusion RIR activates the TXNIP/Trx-1 path-way to induce the activation of retinal microglia and regulate the polarization of microglia,thereby resulting in RIRI in rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the antidepressant effects and mechanisms of total flavonoids from Cuscutae Semen （TFCC） in the mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. MethodsFifty male 4-week-old ICR mice were randomized into five groups （n=10 per group）： blank control， model， Cuscutae Semen decoction （10.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， paroxetine （2.6 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and TFCC （173.2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）. The other groups except the blank control group underwent chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） for 4 weeks. Behavioral assessments were conducted post-modeling. Then， the model group received distilled water （10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1）， while treatment groups were administrated with respective agents via oral gavage （10 mL·kg^-1） for 4 weeks. Depression-like behaviors were evaluated by the sucrose preference test （SPT）， forced swimming test （FST）， and tail suspension test （TST）. Hippocampal neuronal morphology was observed via hematoxylin-eosin staining， and apoptosis in the brain tissue was assessed via terminal- deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the hippocampal levels of inflammatory cytokines ［interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α）］ and neurotransmitters ［5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， dopamine （DA）， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）］， while the reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels were quantified via the DCFH-DA probe. Real-time PCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 （Caspase-1）， IL-1β， and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）. Western blot was employed to evaluate the protein levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， uncoupling protein 2 （UCP2）， and thioredoxin-interacting protein （TXNIP）. ResultsCompared with the blank control group， the model group exhibited weight loss （P<0.01）， reduced sucrose preference （P<0.01）， prolonged immobility time in FST and TST （P<0.01）， neuron disarrangement with nuclear pyknosis in hippocampal CA3 region， increased apoptosis in the brain tissue， elevated levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.01）， declined levels of 5-HT， DA， and BDNF （P<0.01）， increased ROS accumulation （P<0.01）， upregulated mRNA levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and iNOS （P<0.01）， down-regulated protein level of UCP2 （P<0.01）， and up-regulated protein levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， and TXNIP （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the interventions restored sucrose preference （P<0.01）， shortened immobility time （P<0.01）， repaired hippocampal neuronal structure， reduced apoptosis， lowered the levels of inflammatory cytokines （P<0.01）， restored the levels of neurotransmitters （P<0.01）， alleviated ROS accumulation （P<0.01）， downregulated the mRNA levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and iNOS （P<0.01）， upregulated the protein level of UCP2 （P<0.01）， and reduced the protein levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， and TXNIP （P<0.01）. Moreover， TFCC outperformed Cuscutae Semen decoction in ameliorating depressive behaviors. TFCC excelled in neuronal repair， neurotransmitter regulation， anti-inflammatory effects， and modulation of the UCP2/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway （P<0.05）. ConclusionTFCC modulates the hippocampal UCP2/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway to inhibit inflammasome activation， reduce oxidative stress， restore neurotransmitters， thus suppressing neuronal apoptosis and promoting the rearrangement and morphology recovery of hippocampal cells. It outperforms Cuscutae Semen decoction in the antidepressant efficacy.