Osteoporosis is a common bone disease， whose incidence is still on the rise， posing great challenges to patients and society. This review mainly studies the pathogenesis of osteoporosis from the aspects of oxidative stress， inflammatory response， and glucolipotoxicity-induced injury and clarifies the efficacy and mechanism of some active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine against osteoporosis through the integration of in vitro and in vivo experiments. The experimental results suggest that some active ingredients can improve bone resorption markers and maintain bone homeostasis by modulating inflammation， oxidative stress， etc. These active ingredients regulate osteoporosis through the receptor activator of nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） ligand （RANKL） pathway， osteoprotegerin （OPG） pathway， Wnt/β-catenin pathway， NF-κB pathway， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway， adenosine monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway， and oxidative stress pathway. This review provides ideas for the progress of the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis with the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine， aiming to provide new potential lead compounds and reference for the development of innovative drugs and clinical therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis.

SPF chickens were immunized with HN-mRNA vaccine by intramuscular injection.He-magglutination inhibition(HI)test,lymphocyte proliferation test,RT-qPCR and pathological sec-tions were used to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity and protection against challenge in-duced by the candidate HN-mRNA vaccine.The results showed that 2.5,5.0,and 7.5 μg HN-mR-NA induced HI antibody antibodies in a dose-dependent manner.Among them,the Hi antibody in-duced by 7.5 μg HN-mRNA was slightly higher than that of the weak toxic vaccine(La Sota strain).In addition,in response to the stimulation of inactivated NDV virus,the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes in 2.5,5.0 and 7.5 μg HN-mRNA immunization groups and commercial vaccine group were observed.To further evaluate the antiviral protection provided by HN mRNA immunization,the 105 ELD50 NDV strong strain NA-1 was used to attack the 7.5 μg HN-mRNA immunised group and the commercial weakened vaccine(La Sota strain)and PBS groups using na-sal and ocular drops.The results showed that the survival rate of 7.5 μg HN-mRNA immunization group and commercial vaccine group was 100％,and these vaccines could protect tissues and or-gans from the damage caused by virus infection.At the same time,7.5 μg HN-mRNA and commer-cial vaccine could shorten the time of virus shedding in vitro and the viral load in vivo.This study provides a foundational framework for the clinical application of NDV HN mRNA candidate vac-cines and offers insights for the development of novel mRNA vaccines for poultry.

Objective:To investigate the application of transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT) in overweight patients.Methods:Clinical data of 109 thyroid tumor patients who underwent TORT at 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army from May. 2020 to Aug. 2023 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. After excluding 10 patients who underwent prophylactic lateral neck dissection, a total of 99 patients were included in this study. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, which define people with BMI:25-29.9 kg/m 2 as overweight, we divided the 99 patients into normal weight group (n=69) and overweight group (n=30) . To make the baseline data consistent between the two groups and ensure comparability, 20 matched pairs were generated using a 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM) method, considering four clinicopathologic factors: age, gender, diameter of tumor and operation scope. In the normal-weight group, there were 18 females and 2 males, aged (32.82±9.51) years (range: 17-53 years) , and there exhibited 18 females and 2 males in the overweight group, aged (35.14±10.63) years (range: 18-55 years) . Results:All patients successfully underwent the operation without conversions to open surgery. After matching, both groups had 2 cases of thyroid adenoma and 18 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( P=1) , with no statistically significant difference in the surgical scope between the two groups ( P=0.376) . There was no statistically significant difference in the mean tumor diameter between the normal-weight group and the overweight group (5.38±1.79 mm vs. 5.61±3.32 mm, P=0.575) . All malignant tumor cases in both groups were classified as T1 stage, and there was no statistically significant difference in N stage ( P=0.186) . All patients with malignant tumors underwent central lymph node dissection, there was no significant difference in the number of central lymph nodes dissected ( P=0.623) and metastatic lymph nodes ( P=0.109) between the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in operative duration (217.53±62.83 min vs. 220.67±73.73 min, P=0.808) , median postoperative hospital stay [6 (6,7.75) days vs. 6 (6,7) days, P=0.682], or 24-hour drainage volume (78.52±30.49 mL vs. 68.23±29.11 mL, P=0.180) between the normal-weight group and the overweight group. There was no permanent hypoparathyroidism, postoperative hemorrhage, lymphatic fistula, mental nerve injury, postoperative infection in both groups. In both groups, there occurred one case of transient hypoparathyroidism. As for other complications, 1 case of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and oral tearing occurred in the overweight group, while the normal-weight group had 1 case of skin scald. Conclusions:Among patients who underwent TORT, the overweight group exhibited comparable surgical outcomes and postoperative complications to those in the normal-weight group. TORT is a safe and feasible surgical option for overweight patients, which provides more surgical options for this patient population.

Objective:To investigate the application of transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT) in overweight patients.Methods:Clinical data of 109 thyroid tumor patients who underwent TORT at 960th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army from May. 2020 to Aug. 2023 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. After excluding 10 patients who underwent prophylactic lateral neck dissection, a total of 99 patients were included in this study. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, which define people with BMI:25-29.9 kg/m 2 as overweight, we divided the 99 patients into normal weight group (n=69) and overweight group (n=30) . To make the baseline data consistent between the two groups and ensure comparability, 20 matched pairs were generated using a 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM) method, considering four clinicopathologic factors: age, gender, diameter of tumor and operation scope. In the normal-weight group, there were 18 females and 2 males, aged (32.82±9.51) years (range: 17-53 years) , and there exhibited 18 females and 2 males in the overweight group, aged (35.14±10.63) years (range: 18-55 years) . Results:All patients successfully underwent the operation without conversions to open surgery. After matching, both groups had 2 cases of thyroid adenoma and 18 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma ( P=1) , with no statistically significant difference in the surgical scope between the two groups ( P=0.376) . There was no statistically significant difference in the mean tumor diameter between the normal-weight group and the overweight group (5.38±1.79 mm vs. 5.61±3.32 mm, P=0.575) . All malignant tumor cases in both groups were classified as T1 stage, and there was no statistically significant difference in N stage ( P=0.186) . All patients with malignant tumors underwent central lymph node dissection, there was no significant difference in the number of central lymph nodes dissected ( P=0.623) and metastatic lymph nodes ( P=0.109) between the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in operative duration (217.53±62.83 min vs. 220.67±73.73 min, P=0.808) , median postoperative hospital stay [6 (6,7.75) days vs. 6 (6,7) days, P=0.682], or 24-hour drainage volume (78.52±30.49 mL vs. 68.23±29.11 mL, P=0.180) between the normal-weight group and the overweight group. There was no permanent hypoparathyroidism, postoperative hemorrhage, lymphatic fistula, mental nerve injury, postoperative infection in both groups. In both groups, there occurred one case of transient hypoparathyroidism. As for other complications, 1 case of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and oral tearing occurred in the overweight group, while the normal-weight group had 1 case of skin scald. Conclusions:Among patients who underwent TORT, the overweight group exhibited comparable surgical outcomes and postoperative complications to those in the normal-weight group. TORT is a safe and feasible surgical option for overweight patients, which provides more surgical options for this patient population.

SPF chickens were immunized with HN-mRNA vaccine by intramuscular injection.He-magglutination inhibition(HI)test,lymphocyte proliferation test,RT-qPCR and pathological sec-tions were used to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity and protection against challenge in-duced by the candidate HN-mRNA vaccine.The results showed that 2.5,5.0,and 7.5 μg HN-mR-NA induced HI antibody antibodies in a dose-dependent manner.Among them,the Hi antibody in-duced by 7.5 μg HN-mRNA was slightly higher than that of the weak toxic vaccine(La Sota strain).In addition,in response to the stimulation of inactivated NDV virus,the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes in 2.5,5.0 and 7.5 μg HN-mRNA immunization groups and commercial vaccine group were observed.To further evaluate the antiviral protection provided by HN mRNA immunization,the 105 ELD50 NDV strong strain NA-1 was used to attack the 7.5 μg HN-mRNA immunised group and the commercial weakened vaccine(La Sota strain)and PBS groups using na-sal and ocular drops.The results showed that the survival rate of 7.5 μg HN-mRNA immunization group and commercial vaccine group was 100％,and these vaccines could protect tissues and or-gans from the damage caused by virus infection.At the same time,7.5 μg HN-mRNA and commer-cial vaccine could shorten the time of virus shedding in vitro and the viral load in vivo.This study provides a foundational framework for the clinical application of NDV HN mRNA candidate vac-cines and offers insights for the development of novel mRNA vaccines for poultry.

Objective:To research the efficacy and safety of robotic thyroidectomy and bilateral modified radical neck dissection through bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) .Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 37 patients with thyroid cancer who received bilateral modified radical neck dissection through the BABA at the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of the 960th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army from Jan. 2014 to Jan. 2023. There were 24 females and 13 males, and the average age of the patients was (33,22±10.53) years old. The tumor diameter, number of lymph node dissection and metastasis in the central and lateral regions, average operation time, average hospital stay, complications, and aesthetic score were recorded. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the measurement data was calculated using mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and the counting data was expressed in percentages and numbers. Results:A total of 37 thyroid cancer patients underwent robotic bilateral regional lymph node dissection. The 37 patients received total thyroidectomy, bilateral central compartment and cervical lateral regional lymph node dissection. All the pathological types were papillary carcinoma, with a maximal tumor diameter of (1.47±0.85) cm. The average number of central lymph nodes dissected was 19.46±8.84, and there were (10.24±5.95) metastases; The average number of lymph nodes removed from the bilateral cervical region was 38.92±14.21, and there were (7.92±5.84) metastases. The average operation time was (288.05±77.09) min, the average length of stay in the hospital was (10.76±3.92) days, and the average length of stay in the hospital following surgery was (8.03±2.08) days. These patients had no permanent hypoparathyroidism, permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, infection, accessory nerve injury and phrenic nerve injury after operation. Transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in 15 patients, transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in 1 patient, and chyle leak occurred in 2 patients. One month after surgery, the aesthetic score was 9.51±0.69.Two patients were found lymph node metastases during the (27.81±15.10) months of follow-up, and received robotic cervical lymph node dissection with BABA.Conclusion:For carefully chosen thyroid cancer patients with bilateral lateral cervical region lymph node metastases, robotic bilateral cervical lymph node regional dissection via BABA is safe and feasible, and good cosmetic results can be obtained.

Objective:To investigate the short-term outcome of transoral robotic thyroidectomy.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The clinicopathologic characteristics and postoperative results of 107 patients who underwent transoral robotic thyroidectomies in the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of the 960 th Hospital of People′s Liberation Army from May 2020 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 95 females, with an age of (31.8±9.4) years (range: 11 to 55 years), including 20 benign tumors and 87 thyroid papillary carcinoma. Postoperative follow-up was carried out through returning visit and telephone, mainly to observe the recovery of postoperative complications, cosmetic effects and recurrence results. Results:All transoral robotic thyroidectomy was successfully completed without conversion to open surgery. The tumor size of thyroid papillary carcinoma patients was (5.6±2.7) mm (range: 2 to 15 mm). Furthermore, central cervical lymph node metastasis was found in 45 cases. The number of central cervical lymph nodes retrieved and metastasized ( M(IQR)) were 11 (8) (range: 3 to 26) and 1 (3) (range: 0 to 13), respectively. There was no recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and permanent hypoparathyroidism. The transient hypoparathyroidism after surgery was 8 cases. Other complications occurred as follows: postoperative infection ( n=1), left submandibular perforation ( n=1), skin scald ( n=1), and perioral numbness ( n=1), oral tear ( n=2). The postoperative stay was 6 (2) days (range: 3 to 11 days). No local lymph node recurrence or metastasis occurred after a follow-up of (22.6±10.0) months (range: 1.0 to 37.4 months). All patients were satisfied with the postoperative cosmetic results, the aesthetic effect score was 9.3 (0.2) (range: 8.4 to 9.6) one month after surgery. Conclusion:For highly screened patients with early thyroid cancer, experienced surgeons can perform a transoral robotic thyroidectomy that has excellent cosmetic results.

Objective To investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)SNHG15 on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced injury of human alveolar epithelial cells and the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods A549 cells were treated with LPS to construct a neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)cell model.A549 cells were divided into Control group,LPS group,LPS+si-NC group,LPS+si-lncRNA SNHG15 group,LPS+miR-NC group,LPS+miR-942-5p group,LPS+si-lncRNA SNHG15+anti-miR-NC group and LPS+si-lncRNA SNHG15+anti-miR-942-5p group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression levels of lncRNA SNHG15 and miR-942-5p.Flow cytometry and Western blot were conducted to detect cell apoptosis.ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),in-terleukin-1β(IL-1β),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the targeting rela-tionship between lncRNA SNHG15 and miR-942-5p.Results Compared with the Control group,lncRNA SNHG15 expression,apoptosis rate,and levels of Bax,IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α were increased in the LPS group,while miR-942-5p expression and Bcl-2 protein level were decreased(all P＜0.05).After knockdown of lncRNA SNHG15 or overexpression of miR-942-5p,cell apop-tosis rate and levels of Bax,IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased,while Bcl-2 level was increased(all P＜0.05).lncRNA SNHG15 targeted miR-942-5p,and downregulation of miR-942-5p reversed the effect of lncRNA SNHG15 knockdown on LPS-induced A549 cell injury(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Silencing of lncRNA SNHG15 alleviates LPS-induced A549 cell injury by upregulation of miR-942-5p.

Objective:To investigate the short-term outcome of transoral robotic thyroidectomy.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The clinicopathologic characteristics and postoperative results of 107 patients who underwent transoral robotic thyroidectomies in the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of the 960 th Hospital of People′s Liberation Army from May 2020 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 95 females, with an age of (31.8±9.4) years (range: 11 to 55 years), including 20 benign tumors and 87 thyroid papillary carcinoma. Postoperative follow-up was carried out through returning visit and telephone, mainly to observe the recovery of postoperative complications, cosmetic effects and recurrence results. Results:All transoral robotic thyroidectomy was successfully completed without conversion to open surgery. The tumor size of thyroid papillary carcinoma patients was (5.6±2.7) mm (range: 2 to 15 mm). Furthermore, central cervical lymph node metastasis was found in 45 cases. The number of central cervical lymph nodes retrieved and metastasized ( M(IQR)) were 11 (8) (range: 3 to 26) and 1 (3) (range: 0 to 13), respectively. There was no recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and permanent hypoparathyroidism. The transient hypoparathyroidism after surgery was 8 cases. Other complications occurred as follows: postoperative infection ( n=1), left submandibular perforation ( n=1), skin scald ( n=1), and perioral numbness ( n=1), oral tear ( n=2). The postoperative stay was 6 (2) days (range: 3 to 11 days). No local lymph node recurrence or metastasis occurred after a follow-up of (22.6±10.0) months (range: 1.0 to 37.4 months). All patients were satisfied with the postoperative cosmetic results, the aesthetic effect score was 9.3 (0.2) (range: 8.4 to 9.6) one month after surgery. Conclusion:For highly screened patients with early thyroid cancer, experienced surgeons can perform a transoral robotic thyroidectomy that has excellent cosmetic results.

Objective:To observe the application of near-infrared autofluorescence imaging (NIRAF) technology combined with carbon nanoparticle (CNP) negative imaging in identification of parathyroid gland (PG) during thyroid carcinoma surgery.Methods:80 patients with thyroid cancer who underwent total thyroidectomy + central lymph node dissection performed by the same experienced physician team at the 960th Hospital of the PLA from Jan. to Mar. 2022 were prospectively included. Before operation, they were divided into two groups using random number table method before surgery: control group (40 cases) using CNP negative imaging, and experimental group (40 cases) using CNP negative imaging combined with NIRAF technique for intraoperative identification of PG. The gold standard for the identification of parathyroid glands was to compare the amount of intraoperative discovery retention misresection and transplantation of PG and the number of postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the number of complications in the two groups by immune colloidal gold technique. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:All patients in the two groups were successfully operated and followed up. 137 149 PG were found and confirmed in the control group and the observation group, 108 132 PG were retained in situ and 29 17 PG were transplanted, the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05) ; The number of A1 PG was 103 and 109, respectively. Among them, 84 102 were retained in situ and 19 7 were transplanted, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05) . There was no significant difference in the amount of A2 type PG and B type PG between the two groups ( P >0.05) . No A3 type PG was found in the two groups, and a total of 3 A3 types of PG were confirmed in postoperative pathological reports. There were no significant differences in misresection in the control group and the observation group, 5 and 2 PG were mistakenly cut, respectively (all P >0.05) . The PTH 1 day after surgery was 17.7 (5.6,30.4) pg/mL in the control group and 21.7 (12.8,38.3) pg/mL in the observation group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in the levels of serum calcium and serum phosphorus 1 day after operation and PTH 1 month after surgery between the two groups (all P > 0.05) . Conclusion:Compared with CNP alone, combined with NIRAF technique can quickly and effectively identify PG, and PG can be better protected in situ and postoperative hypoparathyroidism can be reduced.