Objective: To analyze the current burden of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children and adolescents in China and globally, and to predict the disease burden from 2024 to 2035, providing a scientific basis for formulating relevant public health policies and intervention measures. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database in 2023, the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the changing trends of the disease burden of ASD among children and adolescents in China and globally from 1990 to 2023, and the average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was constructed to predict the disease burden trends of ASD among children and adolescents in China and globally from 2024 to 2035. Results: The prevalence and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate of ASD among children and adolescents in China increased from 452.69/100 000 and 86.67/100 000 in 1990 to 762.84/100 000 and 148.52/ 100 000 in 2023(AAPC=1.60%, 1.65%, both P <0.01). The prevalence and DALYs rate of ASD among children and adolescents globally increased from 648.49/100 000 and 123.47/100 000 to 862.44/100 000 and 167.16/100 000(AAPC=0.87%, 0.93%, both P <0.01). In 2023, the highest ASD prevalence and DALY rates occurred in children under 5 years old, with China reporting 848.14/100 000 and 166.69/100 000, both below the global averages of 928.80/100 000 and 181.34/100 000. Projections indicated that by 2035, the ASD prevalence and DALY rates in China would rise to 906.83/100 000 and 168.71/100 000, still below the global averages of 938.04/100 000 and 184.49/100 000. Conclusion The disease burden of ASD among children and adolescents in China and globally has generally increased from 1990 to 2023, with a higher risk of disease at younger ages.

Aromatic inhalation therapy is a key traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） approach for preventing respiratory infectious diseases. Its foundational theory， "aromatics acting on the spleen"， is deeply rooted in TCM principles and supported by modern medical research. The theory posits that the aromatic properties of medicinals primarily act on the spleen， and the aromatic inhalation therapy achieved its protective effects by modulation of the spleen and spleen channel to enhance the regulation of wei qi， striae and interstices. In TCM， the spleen is considered the mother of the lungs， with the function of nurturing lung； it is also seen as the source of wei qi， responsible for external defense； and the root of healthy qi， forming the foundation of acquired （postnatal） constitution. Thus， preventive strategies for respiratory infectious diseases focus on strengthening the spleen. From a modern medical perspective， the spleen's role in regulating lung immune responses， the shared immune functions of the respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosa， and the spleen's overall immune modulation provide scientific evidence for using aromatic inhalation therapy to prevent respiratory infections. Additionally， aromatic inhalation therapy offers several advantages， including direct action， rapid onset， minimal side effects， controllable risks， convenience， and ease of dissemination， making it a practical and effective preventive measure for respiratory infectious diseases.

Aromatic Chinese medicinal essential oils are volatile oils extracted from aromatic Chinese herbs， which can prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases through multiple synergistic mechanisms including pathogen inhibition， immune regulation， and inflammatory response regulation. Essential oils are primarily used externally on the body to prevent infections and alleviate symptoms through methods like inhalation， smearing， topical application， bathing， gargling or as a suppository. They can also be utilized in the environment for disinfection and air purification， through methods like diffusion， vaporization， or spraying. The external application of essential oils extracted from Chinese aromatic herbs has the advantages of convenience， quick absorption， and simultaneous influence on both the body and mind. However， there are still challenges and deficiencies in aspects such as the positioning of functions， indications， safety， and the research on the mechanism of action. It has been proposed to combine the theory of aromatic Chinese medicinals with the characteristics of essential oils， and formulate prescriptions of Chinese medicinal essential oils under the principles of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation， and prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases efficiently， accurately， and safely， thereby expanding the clinical application of aromatic Chinese medicinals and the preventive theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

With the deepening of the "Belt and Road" initiative, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) presents new opportunities for the development of TCM. In recent years, CEE countries have made some progress in TCM by expanding legislation, establishing educational systems, and diversifying services. These advancements are attributed to cultural recognition, evolving health concepts, and government support. However, challenges persist in sustainability, legal adaptability, and a shortage of professional talents. To effectively tackle these challenges, this article proposed the following suggestions: gradual integration, initial implementation of non-pharmaceutical therapy-centered TCM health services to address legal adaptation issues; empowering with technology to alleviate talent shortage by launching remote medical service models; tailoring measures to local conditions and promote the sustainable development of the TCM industry by integrating regional characteristics; thereby promoting the robust development of TCM in the CEE regions.

Luxembourg boasts a strategically advantageous geographical location, a robust economic foundation, and an open cultural environment, all of which serve as essential pillars for the promotion of TCM. Its population is diverse and enjoys a significantly high average life expectancy; however, it faces notable health challenges such as chronic diseases, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and an aging population. The citizens benefit from extensive medical coverage, access to high-quality healthcare services, and substantial public investment in healthcare. Modern medicine forms the backbone of its healthcare system while traditional therapies, such as acupuncture and moxibustion, play a complementary role as alternative treatments. The development of TCM in Luxembourg has been influenced by neighboring countries, promoted by TCM experts, and supported by the government. At present, TCM is mainly regulated in Luxembourg based on modern medical regulations and relevant EU standards. Its clinical application in health care and chronic disease management has become increasingly important. Relevant education and training are also gradually promoted through international cooperation with the support of the government. It is suggested to promote the establishment of relevant legal norms of local TCM; promote the service and application of TCM to continuously adapt to market demand and sustainable development; increase support to deepen the research and education of TCM, and realize the in-depth promotion and application of TCM in Luxembourg and even in Europe.

Autoimmune disease is a kind of disease characterized by immune imbalance,abnormal activation of immune cells,massive production of inflammatory factors and immune complexes,which leads to the damage of multiple organs and systems.Autoimmune disease is easy to recur in clinical practice.The previous studies showed that there is a correlation between dampness syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and immune dysfunction.This paper explains the theoretical basis for the correlation between dampness syndrome of TCM and the recurrence of autoimmune diseases,and the similarities between the two in macro appearance,pathogenesis characteristics,etc.,analyzes the possible correlation about biological mechanism between dampness syndrome and autoimmune diseases,and discussed the correlation between pathogenic dampness of TCM and the recurrence of autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis,rheumatoid arthritis,ulcerative colitis,and nephrotic syndrome.It is pointed out that pathogenic dampness of TCM is an important pathogenic factor for the recurrence of autoimmune diseases,and is closely related to the recurrence of autoimmune diseases.Autoimmune diseases can be treated from the perspective of pathogenic dampness in TCM,and therapy of invigorating spleen,replenishing qi and removing dampness is frequently adopted,which is beneficial to alleviating the clinical symptoms of patients and reducing the recurrence of autoimmune disease.

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and mechanism of Xiangzhu Fanggan Formula （香术防感方） by sniffing and nasal drops for preventing influenza A H1N1flu. MethodsFifty-six BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group， model group， zanamivir group， high-concentration sachet group， low-concentration sachet group， high-concentration nasal drops group， and low-concentration nasal drops group， with 8 mice in each group. In the low- and high-concentration sachet groups， 15 g and 30 g of Xiangzhu Fanggan Formula sachet were used for sniffing for 24 h per day； while in the low- and high-concentration nasal drops groups， nasal drops of Xiangzhu Fanggan Formula were given at a concentration of 0.11 and 0.22 g/ml， 20 μl each time， twice a day； in the zanamivir group， zanamivir was given at a concentration of 1.025 mg/ml of 20 μl each time， twice a day； in the normal group and the model group， nasal drops of normal saline were given at 20 μl each time， twice a day. Each group was given prophylactic intervention for 5 days. On day 5， 1 h after the administration of the drug， the mice in all groups except the normal group received 35 μl of 50 LD₅₀ A/PR/8/34/H1N1 viral solution as nasal drops to prepare influenza A H1N1 model mice. The body mass of the mice was recorded and the rate of change of body mass was calculated daily from day 5 to day 9 of the experiment， and the general status was observed. The mice were sampled on day 9， and the lung index and the inhibition rate of lung index were calculated； HE staining was used to detect pathological changes in lung tissues and to score lung tissue lesions； RT-qPCR was used to detect viral load in lung tissues； and ELISA was used to detect secretory immunoglobulin A （sIgA） and serum tumour necrosis factor α （TNF-α） and interleukin 2 （IL-2）， interleukin 6 （IL-6）， and interferon γ （IFN-γ） in the lavage fluid of the upper respiratory tract. ResultsOn days 7， 8 and 9 of the experiment， the rate of change in body mass of mice in the model group significantly lower than that in the normal group at the same time points （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. On days 8 and 9 of the experiment， the rate of change in body mass of mice in the zanamivir group and the high-concentration nasal drops group increased when compared with the model group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the normal group， mice in the model group had significantly higher lung index， lung tissue lesion score， lung tissue viral load， significantly higher serum TNF-α， IL-6， IL-2， IFN-γ levels， and significantly lower sIgA levels in the upper respiratory lavage fluid （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the lung index and lung tissue viral load reduced， serum IFN-γ， TNF-α， IL-2， IL-6 levels reduced， and sIgA levels increased in the zanamivir group and the high-concentration nosal drops group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； except for low-concentration sachet group， lung tissue lesion scores of the drug intervention groups reduced compared with those of the model group （P＜0.01）. Compared with the zanamivir group， the lung index increased in the low-concentration sachet group and the low- and high-concentration nasal drops groups， and the serum TNF-α and IL-2 levels increased in all Xiangzhu Fanggan Formula intervention groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with high-concentration nasal drops group， serum TNF-α and IFN-γ levels elevated in the high-concentration increased group， and lung tissue viral load elevated in the low-concentration nasal drops group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The lung index inhibition rate was 80.84% in the zanamivir group， 41.61% and 17.90% in the high- and low-concentration sachet groups， and 35.40% and 25.40% in the high- and low-concentration nasal drops groups， respectively. HE staining showed that the lung tissues of the model group showed thickening of alveolar septa， alveolar collapse， and infiltration of inflammatory cells； whereas， in each drug intervention group， the inflammation of the lung tissues of the mice and the damage reduced， and the most obvious improvement was in the zanamivir group and the high-concentration nasal drops group. ConclusionXiangzhu Fanggan Formula by sniffing and nasal drops could both prevent influenza A H1N1 virus infection， with antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects， also could improve the pathological damage of lung tissue， and improve the immunity of respiratory mucosa. The nasal drops may be better than sachets in inhibiting inflammatory response， especially the high-concentration nasal drops showed more effective.

Objective:To research the efficacy and safety of robotic thyroidectomy and bilateral modified radical neck dissection through bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) .Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 37 patients with thyroid cancer who received bilateral modified radical neck dissection through the BABA at the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of the 960th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army from Jan. 2014 to Jan. 2023. There were 24 females and 13 males, and the average age of the patients was (33,22±10.53) years old. The tumor diameter, number of lymph node dissection and metastasis in the central and lateral regions, average operation time, average hospital stay, complications, and aesthetic score were recorded. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the measurement data was calculated using mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and the counting data was expressed in percentages and numbers. Results:A total of 37 thyroid cancer patients underwent robotic bilateral regional lymph node dissection. The 37 patients received total thyroidectomy, bilateral central compartment and cervical lateral regional lymph node dissection. All the pathological types were papillary carcinoma, with a maximal tumor diameter of (1.47±0.85) cm. The average number of central lymph nodes dissected was 19.46±8.84, and there were (10.24±5.95) metastases; The average number of lymph nodes removed from the bilateral cervical region was 38.92±14.21, and there were (7.92±5.84) metastases. The average operation time was (288.05±77.09) min, the average length of stay in the hospital was (10.76±3.92) days, and the average length of stay in the hospital following surgery was (8.03±2.08) days. These patients had no permanent hypoparathyroidism, permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, infection, accessory nerve injury and phrenic nerve injury after operation. Transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in 15 patients, transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in 1 patient, and chyle leak occurred in 2 patients. One month after surgery, the aesthetic score was 9.51±0.69.Two patients were found lymph node metastases during the (27.81±15.10) months of follow-up, and received robotic cervical lymph node dissection with BABA.Conclusion:For carefully chosen thyroid cancer patients with bilateral lateral cervical region lymph node metastases, robotic bilateral cervical lymph node regional dissection via BABA is safe and feasible, and good cosmetic results can be obtained.

Craniosynostosis is a prevalent congenital craniofacial anomaly characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures. It is of great social significance for the study and prevention of the genetic mechanism of craniosynostosis. Mutant genes such as FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1, MSX2, RAB, ERF related to craniosynostosis has been identified in humans, leading to the generation of a large number of recombinant animal models with similar functional acquisition or loss mutations to simulate various manifestations of craniosynostosis. The similarity of craniofacial development and molecular pathways between mice and humans makes them a good animal model for studying craniosynostosis. This article reviews the research progress of mouse models related to syndromic, non-syndromic craniosynostosis and craniosynostosis with non-human gene mutations, in order to provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the genetic pathogenesis and treatment of this disease.

Objective:To investigate the short-term outcome of transoral robotic thyroidectomy.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The clinicopathologic characteristics and postoperative results of 107 patients who underwent transoral robotic thyroidectomies in the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of the 960 th Hospital of People′s Liberation Army from May 2020 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 95 females, with an age of (31.8±9.4) years (range: 11 to 55 years), including 20 benign tumors and 87 thyroid papillary carcinoma. Postoperative follow-up was carried out through returning visit and telephone, mainly to observe the recovery of postoperative complications, cosmetic effects and recurrence results. Results:All transoral robotic thyroidectomy was successfully completed without conversion to open surgery. The tumor size of thyroid papillary carcinoma patients was (5.6±2.7) mm (range: 2 to 15 mm). Furthermore, central cervical lymph node metastasis was found in 45 cases. The number of central cervical lymph nodes retrieved and metastasized ( M(IQR)) were 11 (8) (range: 3 to 26) and 1 (3) (range: 0 to 13), respectively. There was no recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and permanent hypoparathyroidism. The transient hypoparathyroidism after surgery was 8 cases. Other complications occurred as follows: postoperative infection ( n=1), left submandibular perforation ( n=1), skin scald ( n=1), and perioral numbness ( n=1), oral tear ( n=2). The postoperative stay was 6 (2) days (range: 3 to 11 days). No local lymph node recurrence or metastasis occurred after a follow-up of (22.6±10.0) months (range: 1.0 to 37.4 months). All patients were satisfied with the postoperative cosmetic results, the aesthetic effect score was 9.3 (0.2) (range: 8.4 to 9.6) one month after surgery. Conclusion:For highly screened patients with early thyroid cancer, experienced surgeons can perform a transoral robotic thyroidectomy that has excellent cosmetic results.