Objective:This study aims to obtain the prevalence and features associated with Violence Against Children (VAC) in China and, thus, formulate a prevention strategy.Methods:The mortality-related data of VAC was sourced from the National Disease Surveillance Points System (DSP) during 2013-2021. We analyzed the DSP data regarding children aged 0-17 years old who died from violence. The hospital cases of VAC was sourced from the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), 2013-2021. We analyzed the data from NISS with the parameter of "intentional injury" caused by VAC in children aged between 0-17 years. Using robust linear regression, we analyze the time trend in the proportion of violence incidence. To understand the variations in the incidence of different types of violence across genders, we apply the chi-square test and adjusted Pearson residuals.Results:The overall trend of death caused by VAC has declined; it was reduced to 0.14/100 000 in 2021 from 0.33/100 000 in 2013. In 2021, male VAC mortality (0.15/100 000) was higher than females (0.13/100 000). The proportion of VAC cases to all injury cases has declined from 3.34% in 2013 to 2.29% in 2021. Among 9 344 VAC cases supervised by hospitals in 2021, the number of males (7 503 cases) was around 4 times that of females (1 841 cases), and the top three modes of violence were blunt tools (64.77%), falls (7.46%) and sharp instruments (6.18%), and 45 cases of sexual violence included 38 girls and 7 boys.Conclusions:The declining death rate due to VAC may be related to the benign development of Chinese society. Prevention strategies targeting training in parenting skills and problem-solving should be prioritized.

Being of its advantages of precision,minimally-invasive,clear visualization,controllable ablation range and immune-induced effect,the image-guided tumor cryoablation therapy has been widely used in clinical practice.However,complications such as skin frostbite,hypothermia and cold shock may occur during the process of ablation,and even acute renal failure and death may occur in severe cases.The perioperative nursing of imaging-guided tumor ablation therapy can prevent intraoperative and postoperative complications and improve the perioperative safety and comfortableness of patients.The Minimally Invasive Therapy Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association,Interventional Minimally Invasive Therapy Professional Committee of Chinese Medical Education Association has invited experts in the field of intervention to conduct an in-depth discussions and to formulate this consensus.It is expected that this technology of image-guided tumor cryoablation therapy can obtain continuous improvement while it is applied and promoted in clinical practice.

Purpose To investigate the difference of cerebral blood flow between sleep deprivation and rest wakefulness.Materials and Methods Fifty subjects were recruited from universities in Xi'an from October 2020 to December 2021.The psychomotor vigilance test(PVT)task was used to measure sustained attention.Arterial spin labeling technique was used to analyze and compare the relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)between sleep deprivation and rest wakefulness.The correlation between altered rCBF of specific brain regions and PVT task performance after sleep deprivation was analyzed.Results Compared with rest wakefulness,rCBF in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal lobe,bilateral parietal lobule,left orbital middle frontal gyrus,bilateral middle temporal gyrus,right posterior central gyrus,and bilateral angular gyrus was significantly decreased after sleep deprivation.The rCBF of bilateral thalamus,left precuneus,right medial prefrontal lobe,left posterior cingulate gyrus,and left inferior temporal gyrus was significantly increased(FDR corrected,P<0.05,cluster size≥20 voxels).The changes of rCBF in left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe and right parietal lobule were significantly negatively correlated with the PVT task performance(r=-0.56,P<0.001;r=-0.64,P<0.001),and the change of rCBF of left precuneus was significantly positively correlated with the PVT task performance(r=0.72,P<0.001).Conclusion The abnormal changes of CBF in default mode network,frontoparietal network-related brain regions and thalamic may be the important neural mechanism of sustained attentional decline after sleep deprivation.

【Objective】 To effectively differentiate adrenal adenoma (AA) and small diameter pheochromocytoma (PCC) by establishing a clinical-radiomic nomogram model before surgery. 【Methods】 A total of 132 pathologically confirmed patients (45 PCC cases, 87 AA cases) were enrolled. After the features of enhanced CT were assessed, the radiomic features and related clinical indicators were extracted. Based on multiple Logistic regression, a clinical-radiomic nomogram with radiomic features and independent clinical predictors was developed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used for internal evaluation to compare the diagnostic effectiveness of the three models. The clinical effectiveness of the nomogram was verified with decision curve analysis (DCA). 【Results】 One of the 108 candidate features was used to construct the radiological feature score. Individualized clinical-radiomic nomogram included independent clinical factors (24 h urinary vanmandelic acid/renin/angiotensin I) and original first-order median radiological feature scores. Internal evaluation of the prediction model showed that the AUC was 0.945 (95%CI:0.906-0.984), superior to the single clinical model or radiological model in precise differentiation. DCA showed that the nomogram had the best clinical use. 【Conclusion】 The clinical-radiomic nomogram model can effectively differentiate adrenal adenoma from small diameter pheochromocytoma, which can improve the preoperative differential diagnosis and preparation.

Objective:To investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency(OCTD) in newborns in Zhejiang Province.Methods:A retrospective research was conducted.A total of 4 261 036 newborns from Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, between January 2009 and December 2021 were screened for inherited metabolic disorders using tandem mass spectrometry.OCTD was confirmed by urine organic acid and OTC gene analysis.Patients with OTCD received guidance on diet and lifestyle management, and were treated with citrulline and arginine.Long-term follow-up was performed.Their growth and intellectual development were evaluated. Results:A total of 7 patients with OCTD were diagnosed, with an incidence of 1.6/1 million.All patients were males.Two patients had neonatal-onset OCTD, and the other 5 had late-onset OCTD.Symptoms occurred several times in 6 patients, inducing hyperammonemia and hepatic impairment.One patient had no clinical manifestation.One patient died in the neonatal period.Blood citrulline levels were decreased in 7 patients to varying degrees.Uracil levels were increased in 4 patients, and 1 of them was complicated with elevated orotic acid levels.All patients had hemizygote variations in the OTC gene, including 6 missense variations(c.604C>T, c.386G>A, c.779T>C, c.1019C>T, c.594C>G, c.931G>A) and 1 intron variation(c.514-35C>G). Two variants(c.594C>G, c.514-35C>G) were never reported previously. Conclusions:The OTCD incidence by newborn screening is low with 1.6/1 million in Zhejiang province.All patients are males and present hypocitrullinemia.The clinical manifestations of OTCD are highly heterogeneous.The neonatal-onset form is severe and survivors always suffer serious sequelae.The late-onset form is mostly manifested with hyperammonemia and hepatic impairment.There may be association between phenotype and genotype.Two novel OTC variants are identified, which further expands the mutational spectrum.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the results of neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) in Zhejiang province from 1999 to 2022. METHODS: A total of 11 922 318 newborns were screened from September 1999 and December 2022 in Zhejiang province. The blood thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured by a fluorescence method and blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels were measured by fluorescence method or tandem mass spectrometry. TSH≥9 μIU/mL was considered positive for CH, while Phe>120 μmol/L and/or Phe/Tyr ratio>2.0 were considered positive for HPA. The positive newborns in screening were recalled, and the gene variations were detected by high-throughput sequencing and MassARRAY tests. RESULTS: The overall neonatal screening rate during 1999-2022 was 89.41% (11 922 318/13 333 929) and the screening rate was increased from 6.46% in 1999 to 100.0% in 2022. A total of 8924 cases of CH were diagnosed among screened newborns with an incidence rate of 1/1336. A total of 563 cases of HPA were diagnosed, including 508 cases of classic phenylketonuria (cPKU) and 55 cases of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (BH4D), with an incidence rate of 1/21 176. Ninety-seven out of 8924 cases of CH underwent genetic analysis. Gene mutations were detected in 9 CH related genes, the highest frequency mutations were found in DUOX2 gene (69.0%) with c.3329G>A (p.R1110Q) (18.2%) and c.1588A>T (p.K530X) (17.3%) as the hotspot mutations. There were 81 PAH gene variants detected in a total of 250 cases of cPKU, and c728G>A (p.R243Q) (24.4%), c.721C>T (p.R241C) (15.0%) were the hotspot mutations. Meanwhile 7 novel variants in PAH gene were detected: c.107C>A (p.S36*), c.137G>T (p.G46V), c.148A>G(p.K50E), c.285C>T (p.I95I), c.843-10delTTCC, exon4-7del and c.1066-2A>G. There were 12 PTS gene variants detected in 36 cases of BH4D, and c.259C>T (p.P87S) (31.9%) was the hotspot mutation. CONCLUSIONS The incident of CH has increased from 1999 to 2022 in Zhejiang province, and it is higher than that of national and global levels; while the incidence of HPA is similar to the national average. DUOX2 gene variation is the most common in CH patients; c.728G>A (p.R243Q) is the hotspot mutation in cPKU patients, while c.259C>T (p.P87S) is the hotspot mutation in BH4D patients.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; Dual Oxidases ; Congenital Hypothyroidism/genetics* ; Phenylketonurias/genetics* ; Thyrotropin

Objective:To investigate the biochemical properties of porcine improved perfusion-acellular pancreatic bioscaffold (APB).Methods:The fresh pancreas from 10 health pigs [age: 4-6 months, weight: (20.0±2.5) kg] were perfused through portal vein and pancreatic duct by our Easy-Load Digital Drive peristaltic pumps. The histological structure, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and DNA quantification of APB were evaluated. The biocompatibility of APB was evaluated by transplantation experiment. Also, we observed the proliferation and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) reseeded on the APB.Results:The pancreatic tissue became translucent and the macroscopic three-dimensional architectures of native pancreas were retained after decellularization. The histological evaluation indicated that the ECM ultrastructure was preserved, and there was no cellular components retained. Compared with the native pancreas, the major ECM components didn’t show significant difference [collagen: (846.1±280.0) ng/mg dry weight vs (754.7±249.6) ng/mg dry weight; sGAG: (433.6±142.6) ng/mg dry weight vs (397.2±98.7) ng/mg dry weight; both P>0.05]. The DNA content of APB decreased significantly compared with native pancreas [(83 464.2±27 813.4) ng/mg dry weight vs (298.9±96.8) ng/mg dry weight, t=11.56, P<0.001]. The histological analysis of the subcutaneous implantation site showed the enhanced histological remold score and benefit remodeling results with time after implantation. The proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs could be promoted on the recellularized APB. Conclusion:Our APB in this study meets the stringent requirement to define a successful decellularization, which could allow APB preserving 3D architecture and represented a biocompatible scaffold capable of supporting and enhancing cell proliferation and differentiation.

Objective:To establish and evaluate a nomogram for long-term survival of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after radical resection.Methods:The data of ICC patients who underwent radical resection for the first time at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2014 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 167 patients who were enrolled, there were 104 males and 63 females, with the age of (60.3±10.9) years. Tumor tissues were collected for immunohistochemical staining and interpretation. Univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyze influencing factors of postoperative long-term survival after ICC. R software was used to construct a nomogram in predicting ICC prognosis.Results:Cox regression analysis showed that TNM staging, poorly differentiated tumor, positive resection margin, positive mucin 5 expression and abnormal P53 expression to be independent risk factors associated with poor long-term survival after radical resection. The prognostic nomogram model of ICC was constructed based on these factors. The C-index was 0.821. The nomogram model consistency index had a high degree of prognostic differentiation. The 45° diagonal of the 3-year postoperative calibration curve which represented the actual survival fitted well with the segmented line which represented the predicted survival of the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the nomogram model was higher than that of AJCC TNM staging (0.894 vs. 0.803, z=4.10, P<0.001). The nomogram model was more effective in predicting postoperative survival of ICC patients than the TNM staging. Conclusion:TNM staging, poorly differentiated tumor, positive resection margin, positive mucin 5 expression and abnormal P53 expression were independent risk factors for postoperative survival of ICC. The nomogram model could better evaluate long-term prognosis of ICC patients after radical resection than the traditional TNM staging system.

Renal pelvic hemangioma is a rare benign tumor, presenting with intermittent, total, painless, gross hematuria, accompanied by low back pain, abdominal pain or other symptoms in some cases. Four cases of pyelonephric hemangioma were treated, which were misdiagnosed as malignancy before surgery. For middle-aged patients with intermittent hematuria, if the imaging data cannot rule out renal pelvic hemangioma, it is recommended to perform renoscopy, renal artery angiography or renal puncture biopsy. For patients diagnosed with renal pelvic hemangioma, either partial nephrectomy, ureteroscopic cauterization, or selective renal artery embolization can achieve good results.

HIV infection is a serious challenge to global public health. Timely and accurate early diagnosis and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy can effectively resist the spread of the virus, and improve the immune function of HIV-infected patients, thereby improve patients′ outcomes and reduce patients′ hospitalization and mortality. Efficient and sensitive testing is a prerequisite for early diagnosis of HIV infection and is also a focus in the prevention and control of HIV epidemics. Serologic testing has been the most widely used HIV detection technology till now. However, it has been difficult for the traditional antibody detection technology to detect HIV acute infection in a timely and accurate manner and therefore restricted the early diagnosis of HIV infection. In recent years, a variety of new detection technologies, such as HIV antigen/antibody combined detection and biosensors, with their high sensitivity, have significantly shortened the window period for the diagnosis of HIV infection, bringing new hope for early diagnosis of HIV. This paper reviews the principle, scope of application, and application prospect of serological detection technology for HIV infection and provides a reference for the development of new HIV testing strategies.