The construction of a medication safety culture is important for medication safety management and rational drug use.The construction of medication safety culture standards is formulated based on relevant national policies and regulations,accreditation standards for hospitals,expert opinions,the current situation,and the development trend of the healthcare industry.With scientificity,general applicability,instructive guidance,and practicality,they standardized basic requirements,management processes,and improvement of the construction of medication safety culture.To facilitate understanding and the implementation of the standards,we describe the process of standards formulation and explain the key points of the standards.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Mashao Pingchuan decoction （MSPC） on lipopolysaccharides （LPS）-induced autophagy in human bronchial airway epithelial cells （16HBE） via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway. Method16HBE cells were selected for the study， and cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was used to detect the activity of of LPS-induced 16HBE cells and the effect of MSPC-containing serum on the cells. Suitable LPS-induced 16HBE cells were screened by the CCK-8 method， and the content of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） was measured to identify the established model. And MSPC-containing serum was prepared. The cells were divided into normal group， LPS group， LPS+MSPC group， LY294002+LPS group and LY294002+LPS+MSPC group. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe the changes in autophagic vesicles and ultrastructure of the cells. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expressions of PI3K， phosphorylated PI3K （p-PI3K）， Akt， phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt）， mTOR， phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR） and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B （LC3B）， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the expressions of inflammatory factors interleukin-5 （IL-5）， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-10 in the five groups. ResultLPS inhibited the 16HBE cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the normal group， the LPS group （150 mg·L^-1 of LPS） increased the expression of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α after 24 h of treatment （P<0.05） and facilitated the autophagosome formation， and MSPC-containing serum exerted a concentration-dependent promotion effect on the 16HBE cells， inhibited the autophagy to a certain degree and enhanced the cell status. Western blot revealed that the protein expressions of p-PI3K， p-Akt and p-mTOR in the model group were lower （P<0.05） and the protein expression of LC3B was higher （P<0.01） than those in the normal group. Compared with the conditions in the LPS group， the protein expressions of p-PI3K， p-Akt and p-mTOR in the LPS+MSPC group were elevated （P<0.05） and that of LC3B was reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the LPS+LY294002 group， the LY294002+LPS+MSCP group had up-regulated protein expressions of p-PI3K， p-Akt and p-mTOR （P<0.05） and down-regulated protein expression of LC3B （P<0.05）. ELISA showed that the LPS group had higher levels of IL-5， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-10 than the normal group， while the levels of TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-8 were decreased （P<0.01） and the level of IL-10 was increased （P<0.01） after treatment with MSCP. ConclusionMSCP may lower the LPS-induced autophagy in 16HBE cells and improve the inflammatory response through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

The functionality of DNA biomacromolecules has been widely excavated, as therapeutic drugs, carriers, and functionalized modification derivatives. In this study, we developed a series of DNA tetrahedron nanocages (Td),

Based on the three delivery forms of CRISPR/Cas9 system at the levels of DNA, RNA and protein, this paper mainly approaches the development and new strategies of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems, as well as their application in the biomedical field and the clinical treatment of gene-related diseases. By summarizing and elaborating the CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery and gene therapy strategy, new ideas are provided for the discovery of innovative drugs and the development of gene therapy.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods Ninety children with HFMD were classified into three groups with 30 in each group:critical group (clinical stage 3), severe group (clinical stage 2) and common group (clinical stage 1, excluding encephalitis with CSF and other examinations). Another thirty healthy children were randomly selected as the control group. The levels of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were detected before and after treatment. Moreover, serum neuro-specific enolase ( NSE) and S100B protein were also measured to analyze their correlation with BNIP3. Receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of BNIP3 for the severity of HFMD. Results The levels of serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in the critical group were higher than those in the other three groups ( P<0. 01). CSF BNIP3 level in the critical group were significantly higher than that in the common and severe groups (P<0. 01). Serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE were significantly higher in the severe group than in common and control groups (P<0. 01). CSF BNIP3 was significantly increased in the severe group as compared with that in the common group (P<0. 01). After treatment, the levels of BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in serum and BNIP3 in CSF were decreased in both critical and severe groups (P<0. 01). The lev-els of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were positively correlated with the level of S100B protein and NSE ( P<0. 01). Serum BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 3. 015μg/L, with a sensitivity of 83. 33％ and a specificity of 90. 00％, in the prediction of severe HFMD. CSF BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 1. 735 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 73. 33％ and a specificity of 93.33％, in the prediction of severe HFMD. Conclusions BNIP3 is involved in the pathological process of brain injury in children with severe HFMD. Detection of BNIP3 helps evaluate the severity and prognosis of HFMD.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods: Ninety children with HFMD were classified into three groups with 30 in each group: critical group (clinical stage 3), severe group (clinical stage 2) and common group (clinical stage 1, excluding encephalitis with CSF and other examinations). Another thirty healthy children were randomly selected as the control group. The levels of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were detected before and after treatment. Moreover, serum neuro-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B protein were also measured to analyze their correlation with BNIP3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of BNIP3 for the severity of HFMD. Results: The levels of serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in the critical group were higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.01). CSF BNIP3 level in the critical group were significantly higher than that in the common and severe groups (P<0.01). Serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE were significantly higher in the severe group than in common and control groups (P<0.01). CSF BNIP3 was significantly increased in the severe group as compared with that in the common group (P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in serum and BNIP3 in CSF were decreased in both critical and severe groups (P<0.01). The levels of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were positively correlated with the level of S100B protein and NSE (P<0.01). Serum BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 3.015 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 90.00%, in the prediction of severe HFMD. CSF BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 1.735 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 73.33% and a specificity of 93.33%, in the prediction of severe HFMD. Conclusions BNIP3 is involved in the pathological process of brain injury in children with severe HFMD. Detection of BNIP3 helps evaluate the severity and prognosis of HFMD.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms. Methods: The clinical data of 33 children admitted to our hospital from 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The children were divided into three groups: idiopathic group (n=20), structural group (n=10) and genetic group (n=3). Among the structural etiology group, there were 1 case of megagyrus malformation, 1 case of focal cortical dysplasia type Ⅱ (FCDⅡ), 1 case of gestational age infant with enlarged ventricle, and 7 cases of perinatal ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy (HIE). In the genetic group, there were 1 case of PCDH19 gene mutation, 1 case of cyclin-dependent kinase like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder and 1 case of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. All three groups had ocular motor symptoms and secondary motor symptoms. Compared with the structural group, patients of the idiopathic group had more autonomic symptoms, less visual symptoms, longer ictal duration, less episodes, less abnormal background rhythm, and more epileptic discharges in the frontal lobe or Rolandic area. The genetic group had frequent seizures and the CDKL5 deficiency disorder patient had slowed background and spasms. Compared with the other two groups, patients of the idiopathic group had fewer MRI abnormalities, better seizure control effect, and better prognosis. Conclusions There are many causes of childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms. The idiopathic group accounts for a large proportion. The visual symptoms and autonomic symptoms are different between groups. Background abnormalities are detected more often in the structural group and the genetic group, which is also helpful for differential diagnosis. The treatment options and prognosis of different groups vary greatly. The overall therapeutic effect and prognosis of the idiopathic group are better than those of the structural group and the genetic group.

Objective To study the preoperative ultrasonographic parameters and their relationship with age in symptomatic CAS patients with different curative effects of stenting.Methods Fiftyseven symptomatic CAS patients admitted to our hospital for stenting were divided into young age group (n=7),middle age group (n=25),old age group (n=25) according to their age,and into very good curative effect group (n=18),good curative effect group (n=33) and no curative effect group (n=6) according to their postoperative NIHSS score.The carotid ultrasonographic parameters in different groups were compared and analyzed within 3 days before operation.Results A significant difference was found in the ratio of UPT,maximal ER of plaques,PV of stenosis,PI,resistance index (RI),carotid artery stiffness index (SI),distensibility coefficient (Dc) and compliance coefficient (Cc) in different curative effect groups (P＜0.01).The carotid artery SI was significantly higher in old age group than in young age group and middle age group (P＜0.01).A linear regression equation was established between carotid stiffness and age (y=0.075x-1.537,R2 =0.448,F=44.727,P =0.000).Conclusion The ratio of UPT,maximal ER of plaques,PV of stenosis,PI,RI,carotid artery SI,Dc and Cc are different in patients with different curative effects of stenting,and a linear relationship is found between carotid artery SI and age of patients.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of resveratrol in a rat model of complex region-al pain syndrome type Ⅰ(CRPS1). Methods 50 male SD rats were divided into control group(group A),sham operation group(group B),model group 1(group C),model group 2(group D),and model group 3(group E). Groups A,B and C received 5%DMSO;group D received ISO-1 of 1 mg/(kg·d);and group E received resveratrol of 20 mg/(kg · d)for 14 days. Pain behaviors were assessed on days 0,7,and 14. Serum levels of MIF and TNF-αwere detected by ELISA. MIF ,total ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in sciatic nerve were detected by Western blot. Re-sults On days 7 and 14 after treatment,resveratrol injection,similar to ISO-1,significantly improved the pain threshold;serum levels of MIF and TNF-α were significantly decreased;expressions of MIF ,total ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in sciatic nerve were also decreased significantly in group E,which were significantly lower than group C (P < 0.05). Conclusions Resveratrol can significantly improve pain threshold ,decrease expressions of MIF and p-ERK1/2 in a rat model of CRPS1,which might be involved in the inhibition of ERK signaling pathway.

DNA nanocages are nanoscale three-dimensional polyhedral structures formed by self-assembled oligonucleotide strands by base pairing.DNA nanocages,especially the tetrahedron DNA nanocages,were proved to be potential nanocarriers for drug delivery,due to their good stablility,high compatibility,intracellular ablility and hollow cavity for modification and drug loading..In this paper,we reviewed the structural characteristics,synthetic methods and targeted modification of DNA nanocages,as well as their development and application in drug carriers,biological imaging,in vitro diagnosis and materials science.