This paper introduces the academic characteristics of Professor ZHANG Ren in treatment with acupuncture for refractory eye diseases in modern times, guided by "homotherapy for heteropathy" (same therapy for different diseases sharing the same pathogenesis). The refractory eye diseases in modern times include a variety of conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, high myopia and its complications, dry eye, cortical visual impairment and genetic eye diseases. The same therapy is used because these diseases share the similar location and pathogenesis. Professor ZHANG optimizes the methods of acupoint selection and provides the comprehensive prescriptions, "basic prescription, prescription based on disease differentiation, and supplementary prescription". A variety of acupuncture manipulation techniques are operated in clinical practice, such as compound needling methods, penetration needling, manipulations for promoting qi movement and conducting qi flow. "Early, regular and persistent" treatment is the common requirement with "the same acupoints, the same prescription and the same acupuncture method" as well as at "the same time". It is also proposed that the treatment should be provided flexibly according to the different symptoms, "identifying the differences within similarities".
Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Humans ; Eye Diseases/history* ; Acupuncture Points ; History, 20th Century ; China ; History, 21st Century

OBJECTIVES: To explore the efficacy of DSA-guided intrathecal drug delivery system combined with Zi Wu Liu Zhu Acupoint Therapy for management of cancer pain and provide reference for its standardized clinical application. Methods and. RESULTS: Recommendations were formulated based on literature review and expert group discussion, and consensus was reached following expert consultation. The consensus recommendations are comprehensive, covering the entire treatment procedures from preoperative assessment and preparation, surgical operation process, postoperative management and traditional Chinese medicine treatment to individualized treatment planning. The study results showed that the treatment plans combining traditional Chinese with Western medicine effectively alleviated cancer pain, reduced the use of opioid drugs, and significantly improved the quality of life and enhanced immune function of the patients. Postoperative follow-up suggested good treatment tolerance among the patients without serious complications. CONCLUSIONS The formulated consensus is comprehensive and can provide reference for clinicians to use DSA-guided intrathecal drug delivery system combined with Zi Wu Liu Zhu Acupoint Therapy. The combined treatment has a high clinical value with a good safety profile for management of cancer pain.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Cancer Pain/therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Pain Management/methods* ; China

Objective To explore and construct the clinical questions and outcome indicators of the Clinical Practice Guideline of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome;To provide a basis for the subsequent preparation of this guide to form recommendations.Methods First,by searching the databases of seven major Chinese and English journals,including CNKI,the preliminary list of clinical problems and outcome indicators in the Clinical Practice Guideline of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome were sorted out,and then the clinical questions and outcome indicators that formed the recommendations of the guide were finally determined based on the modified Delphi method in the form of three rounds of online.The first two rounds were conducted in the form of online questionnaires filled out by experts,and the importance ratings of clinical issues and outcome indicators were imported into the SPSS 27.0 software for statistical analysis.The first and second rounds of clinical questions and outcome indicators were rated as the average score≥4,full score frequency≥30%,and the coefficient of variation≤25%,respectively;the inclusion criteria for entering the second round of evaluation were an average score of≥7 and an average score of≤25%.The third round would be further discussed and voted on by experts in an online consensus meeting,with a voting rate of≥80%as the standard to determine the final items to be included in the guidelines.Results A total of 109 questionnaires were distributed nationwide in the first round of inquiry,and 107 were collected;a total of 20 questionnaires were distributed for the second round of expert research,and 20 were collected.The positive coefficients of the first and second rounds of experts were 98.17%and 100%;the Cronbach coefficients of clinical questions were 0.937 and 0.943,respectively;the Cronbach coefficients of the outcome indicators were 0.970 and 0.940,respectively.In the third round,a total of 22 experts participated in the meeting and all voted,resulting in a positive coefficient of 100%and an authority coefficient of 0.88.13 clinical questions and 17 outcome indicators were finally included in Clinical Practice Guideline of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Conclusion According to the results of the above three rounds of modified Delphi method,it indicates that the questionnaire survey in the process of formulating the guidelines is highly reliable,which can provide a reliable basis for the writing of this guide,and to provide a reference for the development of acupuncture guidelines in related fields.

Objective:To develop and validate a knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire for clinical nurses on postoperative thirst management.Methods:From July 2023 to May 2024, based on the theory of knowledge, belief and practice, a preliminary questionnaire was formed after literature review, Delphi expert consultation and pre-survey. A total of 243 clinical nurses were investigated, and the questionnaire was compiled and the reliability and validity were tested.Results:The questionnaire was composed of 31 items in three dimensions of knowledge, attitude and behavior. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the three factors in exploratory factor analysis was 76.130%. The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.965. The test-retest reliability was 0.913. The items of the questionnaire ranged from 0.857 to 1.000, and the questionnaire was 0.968. Conclusions:The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, which is suitable for clinical nurses to investigate the knowledge, attitude and behavior of postoperative thirst management.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of gut. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex, and gut microbiota plays an important role. Gut bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles (GBEV), as a large number of bacterial derivatives and an important mediator between host and microbiome, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. In recent years, many studies have found that GBEV involves in the occurrence and development of IBD, and has a broad prospect in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD. This article reviews the production and classification of GBEV, especially the mechanism of GBEV in maintaining epithelial barrier, regulating immunity and regulating dysbacteriosis in IBD, in order to provide new ideas for the research of GBEV in IBD.

The theory of "holism of five organs" highly encapsulates the understanding of TCM on the integrity, connectivity, and unity of the internal life functions and morphological structures of the human body. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) frequently overlap, and TCM has significant advantages in their prevention and treatment based on the theory of the holistic view and syndrome differentiation and treatment. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles whose secretory form and biological functions fully reflect the "holism of five organs", and they are of great value in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of overlap of symptoms of FGIDs. This article interpreted the relationship between exosomes and overlap of symptoms of FGIDs with the "holism of five organs", aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of overlap of symptoms of FGIDs, as well as partly explain the scientific connotation of the theory of "holism of five organs".

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of gut. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex, and gut microbiota plays an important role. Gut bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles (GBEV), as a large number of bacterial derivatives and an important mediator between host and microbiome, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. In recent years, many studies have found that GBEV involves in the occurrence and development of IBD, and has a broad prospect in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD. This article reviews the production and classification of GBEV, especially the mechanism of GBEV in maintaining epithelial barrier, regulating immunity and regulating dysbacteriosis in IBD, in order to provide new ideas for the research of GBEV in IBD.

Objective To explore and construct the clinical questions and outcome indicators of the Clinical Practice Guideline of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome;To provide a basis for the subsequent preparation of this guide to form recommendations.Methods First,by searching the databases of seven major Chinese and English journals,including CNKI,the preliminary list of clinical problems and outcome indicators in the Clinical Practice Guideline of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome were sorted out,and then the clinical questions and outcome indicators that formed the recommendations of the guide were finally determined based on the modified Delphi method in the form of three rounds of online.The first two rounds were conducted in the form of online questionnaires filled out by experts,and the importance ratings of clinical issues and outcome indicators were imported into the SPSS 27.0 software for statistical analysis.The first and second rounds of clinical questions and outcome indicators were rated as the average score≥4,full score frequency≥30%,and the coefficient of variation≤25%,respectively;the inclusion criteria for entering the second round of evaluation were an average score of≥7 and an average score of≤25%.The third round would be further discussed and voted on by experts in an online consensus meeting,with a voting rate of≥80%as the standard to determine the final items to be included in the guidelines.Results A total of 109 questionnaires were distributed nationwide in the first round of inquiry,and 107 were collected;a total of 20 questionnaires were distributed for the second round of expert research,and 20 were collected.The positive coefficients of the first and second rounds of experts were 98.17%and 100%;the Cronbach coefficients of clinical questions were 0.937 and 0.943,respectively;the Cronbach coefficients of the outcome indicators were 0.970 and 0.940,respectively.In the third round,a total of 22 experts participated in the meeting and all voted,resulting in a positive coefficient of 100%and an authority coefficient of 0.88.13 clinical questions and 17 outcome indicators were finally included in Clinical Practice Guideline of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Conclusion According to the results of the above three rounds of modified Delphi method,it indicates that the questionnaire survey in the process of formulating the guidelines is highly reliable,which can provide a reliable basis for the writing of this guide,and to provide a reference for the development of acupuncture guidelines in related fields.

Objective:To develop and validate a knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire for clinical nurses on postoperative thirst management.Methods:From July 2023 to May 2024, based on the theory of knowledge, belief and practice, a preliminary questionnaire was formed after literature review, Delphi expert consultation and pre-survey. A total of 243 clinical nurses were investigated, and the questionnaire was compiled and the reliability and validity were tested.Results:The questionnaire was composed of 31 items in three dimensions of knowledge, attitude and behavior. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the three factors in exploratory factor analysis was 76.130%. The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.965. The test-retest reliability was 0.913. The items of the questionnaire ranged from 0.857 to 1.000, and the questionnaire was 0.968. Conclusions:The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, which is suitable for clinical nurses to investigate the knowledge, attitude and behavior of postoperative thirst management.

Background and purpose:Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K(hnRNPK)is an RNA special binding protein that participates in regulating the expression of related genes and protein translation.It has been linked to the malignant occurrence and development of various tumors,but its role in breast cancer remains unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hnRNPK on ferroptosis in breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms.Methods:Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases,hnRNPK expression in breast cancer tissues and normal tissues and its relationship with clinical prognosis were analyzed by bioinformatics.We detected hnRNPK expression in breast cancer cells and tissues using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemistry staining diagnosis methods.MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were transfected with siRNA,and divided into control group(control),empty body group(NC),and interference vector group(si-hnRNPK).Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)and plate clone formation assays.RNA-seq analysis was applied to explore potential targeted biological functions and signaling pathways affected by hnRNPK.Additionally,we investigated the impact of hnRNPK on ferroptosis phenotype using Western blot and commercial kits for reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),and Fe2+,ferroptosis inhibitor(ferrostatin-1,Fer-1)was used to detect the rescue effect of hnRNPK knockdown on ferroptosis.The impact of hnRNPK on the expressions of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins were determined by Western blot.Results:The bioinformatics analyses indicated hnRNPK was upregulated in breast cancer tissues(P＜0.01),and the overall survival of patients in the high expression group was poorer compared with those in the low expression group(P＜0.05).hnRNPK was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cells,and knocking down hnRNPK weakened the proliferation ability of breast cancer cells(P＜0.05).The RNA-seq analysis showed that hnRNPK was significantly enriched in ferroptosis,apoptosis,and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Knocking down hnRNPK promoted ferroptosis in breast cancer cells by inducing lipid ROS and MDA,as well as Fe2+accumulation(P＜0.05).Interestingly,the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)reversed the promotive effect of hnRNPK knockdown on ferroptosis(P＜0.05).Downregulation of hnRNPK led to a decrease in the expressions of β-catenin and c-Myc in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,while expressions of CK1α,APC and the GSK-3β complex were elevated(P＜0.05).Conclusion:hnRNPK is highly expressed in breast cancer,and knocking down hnRNPK promotes ferroptosis in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,thereby suppressing the malignant progression of breast cancer.