Xiaoaiping (XAP) Injection demonstrates the anti-prostate cancer (PCa) effects, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of XAP on PCa and elucidate its mechanism of action. PCa cell proliferation was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed through Hoechst staining and Western blotting assays. Proteomics technology was employed to identify key molecules and significant signaling pathways modulated by XAP in PCa cells. To further validate potential key genes and important pathways, a series of assays were conducted, including acridine orange (AO) staining, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence assays. The molecular mechanism of XAP against PCa in vivo was examined using a PC3 xenograft mouse model. Results demonstrated that XAP significantly inhibited cell proliferation in multiple PCa cell lines. In C4-2 and prostate cancer cell line-3 (PC3) cells, XAP induced cellular apoptosis, evidenced by reduced B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels and elevated Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) levels. Proteomic, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) investigations revealed a strong correlation between forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) autophagic degradation and the anti-PCa action of XAP. XAP hindered autophagy by reducing the expression levels of autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5)/autophagy-related protein 12 (Atg12) and enhancing FoxO3a expression and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, XAP exhibited potent anti-PCa action in PC3 xenograft mice and triggered FoxO3a nuclear translocation in tumor tissue. These findings suggest that XAP induces PCa apoptosis via inhibition of FoxO3a autophagic degradation, potentially offering a novel perspective on XAP injection as an effective anticancer therapy for PCa.
Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Proteomics ; Mice ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Forkhead Box Protein O3/genetics* ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the ethnic origin of Chuanqing people, one of the largest unidentified ethnic groups in Guizhou, China, and analyze its genetic relationships with surrounding populations. METHODS: Based on a self-developed microhaplotype system, we conducted genotyping and analyzed the genetic distribution of microhaplotype loci and their forensic applicability in Chuanqing population in Guizhou Province. Using the microhaplotype data from different intercontinental populations and previously reported data from Han population living in Guizhou Province, we systematically investigated the genetic background of Chuanqing people through population genetic approaches, including genetic distance estimation, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction. RESULTS: Among the studied population, the number of haplotype per microhaplotype ranged from 6 to 25. The average expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), power of discrimination (PD), and probability of exclusion (PE) were 0.8291, 0.8301, 0.9387, and 0.6593, respectively. The cumulative power of discrimination (CPD) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) for these 33 loci were 1-2.62×10^-41 and 1-7.64×10^-17, respectively. Population genetic analyses revealed that the Chuanqing population had close genetic relationships with the East Asian populations, especially the local Guizhou Han population, Beijing Han population and the Han populations living in southern China. CONCLUSIONS The 33 microhaplotypes exhibit high levels of genetic diversity in the Guizhou Chuanqing population, highlighting their potentials for both forensic identification and parentage testing. The Han populations might have contributed a significant amount of genetic material to the Chuanqing population during the formation and development of the latter.
Humans ; China/ethnology* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Phylogeny ; East Asian People/genetics*

Objective:To evaluate the application of blood glucose management evidence in hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy within clinical practice, establish review indicators, and analyze both obstacles and enablers.Methods:Based on the feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness, and effectiveness (FAME) principle, the best evidence for blood glucose management in hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy was evaluated. Ultimately, 21 pieces of evidence were included, and review indicators were established. A baseline review was conducted at the Hemodialysis Center of the Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, from August to September 2024. Based on the review findings, obstacles and enablers in the evidence-based practice process were analyzed, and change strategies were developed.Results:A total of 39 review indicators were established. Among these, one indicator achieved a 100.00% implementation rate, four indicators achieved an implementation rate between 80.00% and <100.00%, six indicators achieved an implementation rate between 60.00% and<80.00%, 19 indicators achieved an implementation rate between>0 and<60.00%, and nine indicators achieved a 0 implementation rate. After analyzing each review indicator, the primary obstacles included evidence not being transformed into clear and accessible formats, low awareness among healthcare providers and patients, lack of incentive mechanisms, significant gaps from existing nursing processes, insufficient manpower, need for external support, and requirement for additional training. Additionally, factors that promoted evidence translation included reliable sources of evidence, recognition and support for change from administrators and teams, a culture and experience of change within the team, the potential for change to yield significant benefits, and the availability of resources within the hospital to support the change.Conclusions:There is a significant gap between blood glucose management evidence and clinical practice among hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy. Appropriate change strategies should be developed through clinical review and analysis of obstacles and enablers to promote the translation and application of evidence in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of hemodialysis events in patients who received maintenance hemodialysis in outpatient setting in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province,and provide basis for the formulation of infection prevention and control strategies in this area.Methods Based on the standards from Center for Disease Control and Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network(CDC-NHSN)as well as the WS/T 312-2023 standards,four public hospitals(two secondary and two tertiary hospitals)in three counties and one city of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture were selected,and prospective surveillance method was adopted.A total of 826 patients(n=8 675 cases)who received maintenance hemodialysis on the first two working day of each month from March 2024 to March 2025 were surveilled.Data were collected with standardized form by infection control teams in dialysis centers.Statistical analysis was conducted.Results During the surveillance period,the incidence of hemodialysis events was 5.15％(447/8 675).The incidence(16.67％,36/216)and mortality(10.00％,4/40)of hemodialysis events in patients with non-tunneled catheters were the highest among patients with all types of ac-cess.Patients with tunneled-catheters had the highest hospitalization rate(42.86％).Systemic use of antimicrobial agents accounted for 82.33％(368/447).Upper respiratory tract infection was the main infection(38.32％).In-fection at the puncture site of vascular access accounted for 16.78％(75/447).Four cases(0.89％,4/447)had positive blood culture.Conclusion Systemic antimicrobial use and infection at vascular access puncture site is the most frequent events in patients who receive maintenance hemodialysis in outpatient setting in Liangshan Yi Autono-mous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.Patients with non-tunneled catheters have the highest rate of hemodialysis events.

Objective:To explore the relationship between intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods:From December 2023 to June 2024, 85 patients with UC from the Gastroenterology Department of the Luquan branch of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled. The lactulose hydrogen-methane breath test was performed to assess the prevalence of SIBO. Clinical data, including basic information, clinical manifestations, endoscopic manifestations, inflammatory indicators, current medication regimen, and past medical history, were collected. Furthermore, the body mass index (BMI), modified Mayo score, and patient-reported outcome (PRO2) score were calculated to evaluate disease activity in each patient. The Student′s t-test, Chi-square test, non-parametric test, and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data and explore the relationship between SIBO and UC. Results:The incidence of abdominal pain and bloating in patients who were SIBO positive with UC was higher than in those who were SIBO negative [abdominal pain: 50.0%(10/20) vs. 23.1%(15/65), χ2=5.34, P=0.021; abdominal distension: 40.0% (8/20) vs. 13.8% (9/65), χ2=5.01, P=0.025]; the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Patients who were SIBO positive with UC were more likely to develop hypoproteinemia and anemia than those who were SIBO negative [hypoproteinemia: 50.0% (10/20) vs. 15.4% (10/65), χ2=8.35, P=0.004; anemia: 35.0% (7/20) vs. 9.2% (6/65), χ2=5.98, P=0.014]; the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the intestinal methanogen overgrowth (IMO) positive group, the number of patients with UC with 1-2 stool times/day was higher, and the distribution of stool times between the IMO positive and IMO negative groups was significantly different ( χ2=6.45, P=0.040). Furthermore, combined hypoproteinemia and anemia were risk factors for SIBO in patients with UC (hypoproteinemia OR=4.331, 95% CI 1.117-16.799, P=0.034; anemia OR=5.515, 95% CI 1.231-24.700, P=0.026). Conclusions:We observed a clinical overlap between SIBO and UC. SIBO could be targeted to optimize the treatment of patients with UC in the future.

[Purpose]To analyze the trends of incidence and age at onset of leukemia in Jiangsu cancer registration areas from 2009 to 2019.[Methods]The continuous monitoring data of leukemia from 2009 to 2019 were collected from 16 cancer registries in Jiangsu Province.All datasets were checked and evaluated based on data quality control criteria and were included in the analysis.Crude incidence rate(CIR),age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC),the average annual percentage change(AAPC),the standardized average age at onset,the changes in the age structure of incidence and the changes in the birth cohort by year were calculated.[Results]The incidence rate of leukemia significantly increased from 5.22/105 in 2009 to 7.88/105 in 2019,with a significant upward trend(for CIR,AAPC=4.95％,95％CI:3.82％～6.09％;for ASIRC,AAPC=2.97％,95％CI:1.52％～4.43％).The incidence rates were in-creased in all age groups and increased with the birth cohort by years.There was a tendency of backward shift for the age composition of the population,with the increasing of composition for those over 60 years old.The mean age at onset increased from 48.62 years old in 2009 to 57.96 years old in 2019,with a backward shift in the mean age(β=0.773,P＜0.001),and the mean age at onset increased with the year only in rural areas after standardization(β=0.428,P=0.017).[Conclusion]Leukemia incidence rate in Jiangsu Province increased from 2009 to 2019,and the age at onset has shifted backwards.It's important to strengthen the early prevention and control of leukemia.

Objective:To explore the relationship between intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods:From December 2023 to June 2024, 85 patients with UC from the Gastroenterology Department of the Luquan branch of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled. The lactulose hydrogen-methane breath test was performed to assess the prevalence of SIBO. Clinical data, including basic information, clinical manifestations, endoscopic manifestations, inflammatory indicators, current medication regimen, and past medical history, were collected. Furthermore, the body mass index (BMI), modified Mayo score, and patient-reported outcome (PRO2) score were calculated to evaluate disease activity in each patient. The Student′s t-test, Chi-square test, non-parametric test, and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data and explore the relationship between SIBO and UC. Results:The incidence of abdominal pain and bloating in patients who were SIBO positive with UC was higher than in those who were SIBO negative [abdominal pain: 50.0%(10/20) vs. 23.1%(15/65), χ2=5.34, P=0.021; abdominal distension: 40.0% (8/20) vs. 13.8% (9/65), χ2=5.01, P=0.025]; the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Patients who were SIBO positive with UC were more likely to develop hypoproteinemia and anemia than those who were SIBO negative [hypoproteinemia: 50.0% (10/20) vs. 15.4% (10/65), χ2=8.35, P=0.004; anemia: 35.0% (7/20) vs. 9.2% (6/65), χ2=5.98, P=0.014]; the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the intestinal methanogen overgrowth (IMO) positive group, the number of patients with UC with 1-2 stool times/day was higher, and the distribution of stool times between the IMO positive and IMO negative groups was significantly different ( χ2=6.45, P=0.040). Furthermore, combined hypoproteinemia and anemia were risk factors for SIBO in patients with UC (hypoproteinemia OR=4.331, 95% CI 1.117-16.799, P=0.034; anemia OR=5.515, 95% CI 1.231-24.700, P=0.026). Conclusions:We observed a clinical overlap between SIBO and UC. SIBO could be targeted to optimize the treatment of patients with UC in the future.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of hemodialysis events in patients who received maintenance hemodialysis in outpatient setting in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province,and provide basis for the formulation of infection prevention and control strategies in this area.Methods Based on the standards from Center for Disease Control and Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network(CDC-NHSN)as well as the WS/T 312-2023 standards,four public hospitals(two secondary and two tertiary hospitals)in three counties and one city of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture were selected,and prospective surveillance method was adopted.A total of 826 patients(n=8 675 cases)who received maintenance hemodialysis on the first two working day of each month from March 2024 to March 2025 were surveilled.Data were collected with standardized form by infection control teams in dialysis centers.Statistical analysis was conducted.Results During the surveillance period,the incidence of hemodialysis events was 5.15％(447/8 675).The incidence(16.67％,36/216)and mortality(10.00％,4/40)of hemodialysis events in patients with non-tunneled catheters were the highest among patients with all types of ac-cess.Patients with tunneled-catheters had the highest hospitalization rate(42.86％).Systemic use of antimicrobial agents accounted for 82.33％(368/447).Upper respiratory tract infection was the main infection(38.32％).In-fection at the puncture site of vascular access accounted for 16.78％(75/447).Four cases(0.89％,4/447)had positive blood culture.Conclusion Systemic antimicrobial use and infection at vascular access puncture site is the most frequent events in patients who receive maintenance hemodialysis in outpatient setting in Liangshan Yi Autono-mous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.Patients with non-tunneled catheters have the highest rate of hemodialysis events.

Objective:To evaluate the application of blood glucose management evidence in hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy within clinical practice, establish review indicators, and analyze both obstacles and enablers.Methods:Based on the feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness, and effectiveness (FAME) principle, the best evidence for blood glucose management in hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy was evaluated. Ultimately, 21 pieces of evidence were included, and review indicators were established. A baseline review was conducted at the Hemodialysis Center of the Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, from August to September 2024. Based on the review findings, obstacles and enablers in the evidence-based practice process were analyzed, and change strategies were developed.Results:A total of 39 review indicators were established. Among these, one indicator achieved a 100.00% implementation rate, four indicators achieved an implementation rate between 80.00% and <100.00%, six indicators achieved an implementation rate between 60.00% and<80.00%, 19 indicators achieved an implementation rate between>0 and<60.00%, and nine indicators achieved a 0 implementation rate. After analyzing each review indicator, the primary obstacles included evidence not being transformed into clear and accessible formats, low awareness among healthcare providers and patients, lack of incentive mechanisms, significant gaps from existing nursing processes, insufficient manpower, need for external support, and requirement for additional training. Additionally, factors that promoted evidence translation included reliable sources of evidence, recognition and support for change from administrators and teams, a culture and experience of change within the team, the potential for change to yield significant benefits, and the availability of resources within the hospital to support the change.Conclusions:There is a significant gap between blood glucose management evidence and clinical practice among hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy. Appropriate change strategies should be developed through clinical review and analysis of obstacles and enablers to promote the translation and application of evidence in clinical practice.

[Purpose]To analyze the trends of incidence and age at onset of leukemia in Jiangsu cancer registration areas from 2009 to 2019.[Methods]The continuous monitoring data of leukemia from 2009 to 2019 were collected from 16 cancer registries in Jiangsu Province.All datasets were checked and evaluated based on data quality control criteria and were included in the analysis.Crude incidence rate(CIR),age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC),the average annual percentage change(AAPC),the standardized average age at onset,the changes in the age structure of incidence and the changes in the birth cohort by year were calculated.[Results]The incidence rate of leukemia significantly increased from 5.22/105 in 2009 to 7.88/105 in 2019,with a significant upward trend(for CIR,AAPC=4.95％,95％CI:3.82％～6.09％;for ASIRC,AAPC=2.97％,95％CI:1.52％～4.43％).The incidence rates were in-creased in all age groups and increased with the birth cohort by years.There was a tendency of backward shift for the age composition of the population,with the increasing of composition for those over 60 years old.The mean age at onset increased from 48.62 years old in 2009 to 57.96 years old in 2019,with a backward shift in the mean age(β=0.773,P＜0.001),and the mean age at onset increased with the year only in rural areas after standardization(β=0.428,P=0.017).[Conclusion]Leukemia incidence rate in Jiangsu Province increased from 2009 to 2019,and the age at onset has shifted backwards.It's important to strengthen the early prevention and control of leukemia.