Objective To investigate the depressive state of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and to analyze the correlation of depressive state with autonomic dysfunction. Methods A total of 327 patients with PD in the hospital were selected from March 2022 to March 2024. The depressive state was evaluated by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). The autonomic nerve function was assessed using the Scale for Outcomes in PD for Autonomic Symptoms (SCOPA-AUT) and heart rate variability [standard deviation of sinus RR interval (SDNN), standard deviation of average sinus RR interval (SDANN), and percentage of successive NN interval differences above 50 ms (pNN50)]. According to the positive depression (HAMD>20 points), the patients were divided into a depression group and a non-depression group. The clinical data and autonomic nerve function indicators were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between depressive state and autonomic dysfunction in PD patients. Results The positive rate of depression in patients with PD was 31.19%. There were 102 patients in the depression group and 225 patients in the non-depression group. The years of education and the proportion of mild Hoehn-Yahr stage (H-Y stage) in the depression group were lower than those in the non-depression group, while the disease course was longer, and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II score and UPDRS III score were higher than those in the non-depression group (P<0.05). The SCOPA-AUT score in the depression group was higher while the SDNN, SDANN and pNN50 were lower compared to the non-depression group (P<0.05). HAMD score was positively correlated with SCOPA-AUT score (r=0.685), and was negatively correlated with SDNN, SDANN and pNN50 (r=-0.578, -0.685, and -0.439) (P<0.05). Conclusion Depression is a common state among patients with PD, and its level is positively correlated with the severity of autonomic dysfunction in patients.

Under the current situation of "low prevalence and low infection" of schistosomiasis in China, and to provide a basis for achieving the goal of eliminating schistosomiasis by 2030 proposed by the Healthy China Action (2019 - 2030) as scheduled, the Hunan Provincial Corps Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force established a schistosomiasis monitoring and early warning index system based on the previous studies on schistosomiasis early warning index system and the recent literature analysis, combined with the current potential risk factors affecting the transmission and prevalence of schistosomiasis, and organized two rounds of expert consultation and carried out project promotion meetings. The experts reached a consensus on the comprehensiveness and practicability of the index system, aiming to lay a solid foundation for construction of China's schistosomiasis prevention and control early warning system.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Shenqi Xiaozheng Decoction-medicated serum regulates c-Myc/SLC1A5/GLS1 signaling axis to inhibit glutamine(Gln)metabolism and activate immunogenic cell death(ICD)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells.Methods A549 cells were divided into control group,model group,Shenqi Xiaozheng Decoction-medicated serum low-,medium-and high-dosage groups and positive control group.A Gln-dependent growth model was established,and cells were treated with different concentrations of Shenqi Xiaozheng Decoction-medicated serum or the SLC1A5 inhibitor V-9302.Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8,EdU and colony formation assays;Cell invasion and migration were evaluated using Transwell and wound-healing assays;intracellular Gln,glutathione(GSH),and α-ketoglutarate(α-KG)contents were determined by colorimetric assay;reactive oxygen species(ROS)contents were measured with fluorescent probes;Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,c-Myc,SLC1A5 and GLS1;c-Myc/SLC1A5 colocalization and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)expression were assessed by dual immunofluorescence staining;flow cytometry was used to evaluate calreticulin(CRT)exposure on the cell surface,and ATP and HMGB1 contents in cell supernatants were quantified by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group,the model group showed significantly increased A549 cell viability,EdU-positive rate and migration rate(P<0.05),as well as higher colony counts and invasion cell numbers(P<0.05);cellular Gln,GSH and α-KG contents were significantly elevated(P<0.05,P<0.01),while ROS content were not significantly different(P>0.05),E-cadherin protein expression significantly decreased,whereas the protein expressions of N-cadherin,c-Myc,SLC1A5 and GLS1 significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).c-Myc and SLC1A5 colocalization was enhanced,HMGB1 expression was significantly increased(P<0.01),CRT exposure significantly increased(P<0.01),and ATP and HMGB1 contents in cell supernatant were significantly elevated(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,Shenqi Xiaozheng Decoction-medicated serum at different concentrations significantly inhibited Gln-stimulated A549 cell proliferation,migration and invasion in a dosage-dependent manner.Mechanistic studies indicated that Shenqi Xiaozheng Decoction could reduce Gln uptake and synthesis of its metabolic products GSH and α-KG,induce ROS accumulation,up-regulate protein expression of E-cadherin,down-regulate the protein expressions of N-cadherin,c-Myc,SLC1A5 and GLS1(P<0.05,P<0.01),and enhance CRT exposure,ATP release and HMGB1 secretion(P<0.01).Conclusion Shenqi Xiaozheng Decoction may exert a synergistic"metabolism-immunity"antitumor effect by inhibiting c-Myc/SLC1A5/GLS1 axis-mediated Gln uptake,inducing ROS accumulation,and activating ICD signaling.

Objective To develop and validate an efficient and simple liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method for determination of polymyxin E in human plasma,and apply the established method in therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)of polymyxin E.Methods The LC-MS/MS platform was based on AB SCIEX HPLC-4500MD system.Gradient elution was performed with 0.2％formic acid in water and 0.2％formic acid in acetonitrile.Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C18 column(100 mm × 2.1 mm,2.6 μm)were used.The analytes were detected by electrospray ionization(ESI)positive multiple reaction monitoring mode.The ion pairs for analytes(polymyxins E1,E2)and internal standard(polymyxins B1)were m/z 390.7→101.3,m/z 386.0→101.2,and m/z 402.3→101.2,respectively.Plasma samples were processed with protein precipitation method.Results Polymyxin E1 and E2 showed good linearity in the range of 0.031 2-6.24 mg/L and 0.006 15-1.23 mg/L,respectively.The within-run accuracy of polymyxin E1 and E2 in plasma ranged from 89.4％to 99.8％and 91.5％to 108.2％,respectively,while the between-run accuracy ranged from 91.8％to 104.7％and 95.6％to 105.2％,respectively.The within-run precision of polymyxin E1 and E2 in plasma ranged from 4.9％to 8.9％and 2.8％to 8.5％,respectively,while the between-run precision ranged from 4.1％to 7.6％and 4.2％to 9.8％,respectively.The average internal standard normalized matrix effect factors of polymyxins E1 and E2 were 96.9％-111.2％and 106.1％-112.8％in blank plasma samples from 6 different sources,102.5％-106.8％and 98.8％-105.2％in lipemic plasma,respectively,107.8％-108.9％and 106.9％-1 07.4％in hemolyzed plasma,respectively.The precision of matrix effects was less than 15.0％.The average recovery rate was 102.9％-107.5％for polymyxin E1 and E2,and 107.0％for internal standard polymyxin B1.The precision was less than 3.7％.Conclusions In this study,a simple and efficient LC-MS/MS method was established for determination of polymyxin E1 and E2 in human plasma,which is reliable in the therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic study of polymyxin E.

Objective:To explore the association between serum selenium levels and total cancer risk in humans.Methods:A systematic search was conducted for Chinese and English literature on the association between selenium and cancer risk published up to December 2023 in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases by using “neoplasms” “selenium” “prospective-studies” (both in English and Chinese) as keywords. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model. The linear dose-response relationship was analyzed using a generalized least squares regression model, and the non-linear dose-response relationship was analyzed using a restricted cubic spline regression model. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger′s regression asymmetry test.Results:A total of 12 prospective studies were included from 16 408 articles retrieved, including seven studies from Europe, four from America, and one from Asia, with a total of 4 586 cancer cases reported. Meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between baseline serum selenium levels and total cancer risk ( RR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.57-0.82, P=0.000). Furthermore, serum selenium was found to have a protective effect on both the incidence ( RR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.53-0.84, P=0.001) and mortality ( RR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.50-0.98, P=0.035) of total cancer. The inverse association between serum selenium and the incidence of total cancer was more pronounced in populations with low baseline serum selenium levels ( RR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.89, P=0.007). Additionally, dose-response meta-analysis showed that for every 10 μg/L increase in baseline serum selenium concentration, there was a 26% reduction in incidence of total cancer ( RR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.46-0.83, P=0.229) and a 6% reduction in mortality of total cancer ( RR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.86-0.96, P=0.229). Conclusion:Serum selenium is negatively associated with the incidence and mortality of total cancer.

Under the current situation of "low prevalence and low infection" of schistosomiasis in China, and to provide a basis for achieving the goal of eliminating schistosomiasis by 2030 proposed by the Healthy China Action (2019 - 2030) as scheduled, the Hunan Provincial Corps Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force established a schistosomiasis monitoring and early warning index system based on the previous studies on schistosomiasis early warning index system and the recent literature analysis, combined with the current potential risk factors affecting the transmission and prevalence of schistosomiasis, and organized two rounds of expert consultation and carried out project promotion meetings. The experts reached a consensus on the comprehensiveness and practicability of the index system, aiming to lay a solid foundation for construction of China's schistosomiasis prevention and control early warning system.

Objective To develop and validate an efficient and simple liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method for determination of polymyxin E in human plasma,and apply the established method in therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)of polymyxin E.Methods The LC-MS/MS platform was based on AB SCIEX HPLC-4500MD system.Gradient elution was performed with 0.2％formic acid in water and 0.2％formic acid in acetonitrile.Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C18 column(100 mm × 2.1 mm,2.6 μm)were used.The analytes were detected by electrospray ionization(ESI)positive multiple reaction monitoring mode.The ion pairs for analytes(polymyxins E1,E2)and internal standard(polymyxins B1)were m/z 390.7→101.3,m/z 386.0→101.2,and m/z 402.3→101.2,respectively.Plasma samples were processed with protein precipitation method.Results Polymyxin E1 and E2 showed good linearity in the range of 0.031 2-6.24 mg/L and 0.006 15-1.23 mg/L,respectively.The within-run accuracy of polymyxin E1 and E2 in plasma ranged from 89.4％to 99.8％and 91.5％to 108.2％,respectively,while the between-run accuracy ranged from 91.8％to 104.7％and 95.6％to 105.2％,respectively.The within-run precision of polymyxin E1 and E2 in plasma ranged from 4.9％to 8.9％and 2.8％to 8.5％,respectively,while the between-run precision ranged from 4.1％to 7.6％and 4.2％to 9.8％,respectively.The average internal standard normalized matrix effect factors of polymyxins E1 and E2 were 96.9％-111.2％and 106.1％-112.8％in blank plasma samples from 6 different sources,102.5％-106.8％and 98.8％-105.2％in lipemic plasma,respectively,107.8％-108.9％and 106.9％-1 07.4％in hemolyzed plasma,respectively.The precision of matrix effects was less than 15.0％.The average recovery rate was 102.9％-107.5％for polymyxin E1 and E2,and 107.0％for internal standard polymyxin B1.The precision was less than 3.7％.Conclusions In this study,a simple and efficient LC-MS/MS method was established for determination of polymyxin E1 and E2 in human plasma,which is reliable in the therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic study of polymyxin E.

Guided by the turbidity toxin theory， it is believed that the key pathogenesis of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome is the obstruction of turbidity toxin and the disruption of intestinal function. Treatment is based on the principles of dispelling turbidity toxin and promoting intestinal function. The clinical patterns can be divided into three types， turbidity toxin heat accumulation pattern， turbidity toxin combined with liver depression and qi stagnation pattern， and turbidity toxin combined with qi and yin deficiency pattern. The treatment can respectively use self-prescribed Tongfu Jiangzhuo Formula （通腑降浊方） to clear heat and unblock the bowels， direct the turbid downward and resolve toxins； use self-prescribed Shugan Jiangzhuo Formula （疏肝降浊方） to soothe the liver and move qi， direct the turbid downward and resolve toxins； use self-prescribed Mazhi Jiangzhuo Formula （麻枳降浊方） to boost qi and nourish yin， moisten the intestines to remove turbidity and resolve toxins.

Charcoal-processed traditional Chinese herbal medicine has various therapeutic effects， including astringing， hemostasis， anti-diarrhea， clearing heat， tonifying， and warming the interior. This paper summarizes the clinical application features， compatible experiences， dosages， and precautions for over 20 types of charcoal-processed herbal medicine in the treatment of gynecological bleeding disorders caused by dysfunctions such as dysfunctional uterine bleeding， endometriosis， uterine incision pseudocavity， and vaginal bleeding resulting from threatened miscarriage. The charcoal-processed herbal medicine include Huangqin （Scutellaria Baicalensis） Charcoal， Dahuang （Rheum Palmatum） Charcoal， Cebai （Platycladus Orientalis） Charcoal， Diyu （Sanguisorba Officinalis） Charcoal， Daji （Cirsium Setosum） Charcoal， Xiaoji （Cirsium Japonicum） Charcoal， Shengdi （Rehmannia Glutinosa） Charcoal， Aiye （Artemisia Argyi） Charcoal， Paojiang （Zingiber Officinale） Charcoal， Xuduan （Dipsacus Asper） Charcoal， Duzhong （Eucommia Ulmoides） Charcoal， Qiancao （Rubia Cordifolia） Charcoal， Puhuang （Typha Angustifolia） Charcoal， Shanzha （Crataegus Pinnatifida） Charcoal， Jingjie （Schizonepeta Tenuifolia） Charcoal， Xueyu （Carthamus Tinctorius） Charcoal， Zonglyu （Areca Catechu） Charcoal， Wumei （Prunus Mume） Charcoal， Shudahuang （Rheum Officinale） Charcoal， Lianfang （Nymphaea Alba） Charcoal， Mianmaguanzhong （Clematis Armandii） Charcoal， and Oujie （Nelumbo Nucifera） Charcoal.

Objective: To explore the correlation between the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) and trophoblast apoptosis-related markers and severe preeclampsia(SPE) in placental tissues of pregnant women with early-and late-onset SPE and normal pregnancy. Methods: Placental tissues from 20 early and late haired severe preeclamptic singleton pregnant women who attended the Hospital were collected(early-onset group, late-onset group), and 20 cases pregnant women of normal blood pressure and no other pregnancy complications who delivered in our hospital during the same period were selected as the normal group. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of the endoplasmic reticulum of trophoblast cells in placental tissues. Protein blotting assay was used to detect the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, including Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP), Phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α(p-eIF2α) and Phosphatidylinositol-requiring enzyme 1(p-IRE1)α. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(Ki67), a proliferation marker, in placental tissues, and TUNEL staining was used to detect placental tissue trophoblast apoptosis. Results: The endoplasmic reticulum of trophoblast cells in the placental tissues of the normal pregnant women group was normal in volume, with no dilatation or swelling. In contrast, the endoplasmic reticulum of placental tissues in the severe preeclampsia group showed obvious edema and significant dilatation, and the dilatation was more obvious in the early-onset group than in the late-onset group. The expression level of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins GRP78(P<0.001,P<0.05) and CHOP(P<0.01,P<0.001), the phosphorylation levels of eIF2α(P<0.000 1,P<0.01) and IRE1α(P<0.000 1,P<0.001) increased in placental tissues of both early-onset and late-onset groups compared to those of the normal group. The p-eIF2α/eIF2α(P<0.001) to p-IRE1α/IRE1α ratio(P<0.05) and GRP78(P<0.01) protein expression levels were significantly higher in the early-onset group than in the late-onset group. Compared with the normal group, the number of Ki67-positive cells per field of view was significantly reduced in the early-onset and late-onset groups(P<0.000 1,P<0.05), and the number of Ki67-positive cells was significantly lower in the early-onset group than in the late-onset group(P<0.01). There were more positive apoptotic cells per field of view in the placental tissues of the early-onset group, and the apoptosis rate of trophoblast cells was significantly higher than that in the other two groups(P<0.001,P<0.01). Conclusion Increased trophoblast apoptosis and suppressed proliferation in placental tissues of patients with severe preeclampsia may be associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress overactivation, and the activation level is higher in placental tissues of early-onset severe preeclampsia than that of late-onset group.