OBJECTIVE To optimize the preparation technology of Jineijin danggui ruchuang ointment and to establish its quality standard. METHODS Using oil phase dosage， emulsifier dosage and emulsification temperature as the indicators， the preparation technology of Jineijin danggui ruchuang ointment was optimized by response surface method. Gallus gallus domesticus and Angelica sinensis in the ointment were identified by TLC. The property of the ointment was observed， and its particle size and deliverable volume were inspected according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The contents of uridine， ferulic acid and ligustilide in the ointment were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The optimal preparation technology of Jineijin danggui ruchuang ointment was as follows： 4.0 g of white vaseline， 7.0 g of liquid paraffin， 5.0 g of lanolin （oil phase）， 0.44 g of triethanolamine as the emulsifier， and emulsification temperature of 78 ℃ . Jineijin danggui ruchuang ointment prepared according to the optimal preparation method was a beige paste， and its particle size and deliverable volume inspection all met the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The identification of TLC for G. gallus domesticus and A. sinensis obtained satisfactory results. The linear ranges of uridine， ferulic acid and ligustilide were 1.6-25.6 μg/mL， 0.003 15-0.100 8 mg/mL， 0.006- 0.192 mg/mL （all r＞0.999）. RSD for the inspection， stability， reproducibility and recovery tests were all less than 2%（ n＝6）. The average contents of uridine， ferulic acid and ligustilide were 0.081 2， 0.100 0 and 0.396 9 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The optimal preparation technology can be used for the production of the in-hospital preparation of Jineijin danggui ruchuang ointment； the content determination method can be used for the quality control of the ointment.

Bloodstream infections(BSIs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The widespread emergence of antimicrobial resistance has significantly increased the complexity of treating BSIs, making the development of precise antimicrobial treatment strategies based on positive blood culture results a critical clinical challenge. Additionally, it is imperative to systematically correct traditional misconceptions to optimize treatment outcomes and alleviate the pressure of antimicrobial selection. This article provides an in-depth exposition across the following dimensions, including bloodstream infection diagnosis, infection source identification, antimicrobial treatment regimen formulation, etc., to optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic process for patients with positive blood culture results.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and immunization history of pertussis cases in Yichang City, Hubei Province from 2018 to 2023. Methods Data on the incidence and immunization history of pertussis cases were collected in Yichang City from 2018 to 2023, and the epidemiological characteristics was analyzed and described. Results A total of 109 cases of pertussis were reported in Yichang from 2018 to 2023, and the annual average reported incidence rate was 0.45/100,000. The incidence rate reported in each year was between 0～1.58/100,000. The area with the highest annual reported incidence rate was Xiling District (1.19/100,000). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate between different years (χ²=208.26, P < 0.001). The annual reported incidence rate showed a significant increasing trend (χ² trend =125.71, P < 0.001). The ratio of male to female cases was 1.22. There was no significant difference in the annual reported incidence rates between males and females (χ²=0.85, P=0.36). Children aged 3-9 years accounted for 60.55%. Students and scattered children accounted for 45.87% and 36.70%, respectively. Before the onset of the disease, 72.48% had a history of immunization with pertussis-containing vaccine, and 27.52% had no history of immunization. The shortest interval between the last dose of pertussis-containing vaccine and the onset of the disease was 8 days, the longest was 4057 days, and the median was 1882 days. Conclusion From 2018 to 2023, the reported incidence of pertussis in Yichang City has been on the rise, with the majority of cases occurring in children and students under the age of 9. It is recommended to strengthen pertussis disease monitoring.

Environmental toxicants have been linked to aging and age-related diseases. The emerging evidence has shown that the enhancement of detoxification gene expression is a common transcriptome marker of long-lived mice, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans. Meanwhile, the resistance to toxicants was increased in long-lived animals. Here, we show that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist obeticholic acid (OCA), a marketed drug for the treatment of cholestasis, may extend the lifespan and healthspan both in C. elegans and chemical-induced early senescent mice. Furthermore, OCA increased the resistance of worms to toxicants and activated the expression of detoxification genes in both mice and C. elegans. The longevity effects of OCA were attenuated in Fxr ^-/- mice and Fxr homologous nhr-8 and daf-12 mutant C. elegans. In addition, metabolome analysis revealed that OCA increased the endogenous agonist levels of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), a major nuclear receptor for detoxification regulation, in the liver of mice. Together, our findings suggest that OCA has the potential to lengthen lifespan and healthspan by activating nuclear receptor-mediated detoxification functions, thus, targeting FXR may offer to promote longevity.

Objective To investigate the effect of Nutlin-3a,a mouse double minute 2 homolog(MDM2)inhibitor,on lipid metabolism of mouse adipose.Methods High-fat diet-induced obesity(DIO)C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group injected with DMSO and an experimental group injected with Nutlin-3a.Then we conducted glucose tolerance(GTT)and insulin tolerance(ITT)tests.The epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT),inguinal white adipose tissue(iWAT)and brown adipose tissue(BAT)of animals were isolated and microscopy of WATs with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of adipocytes.The expression of lipid metabolism related gene cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector C(CIDEC)in eWAT were detected by qPCR and Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,Nutlin-3a was found to promote the body weight(P＜0.001),but no effect on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in DIO mice.Nutlin-3a treatment decreased the size of adipocytes and fat deposition in adipose tissue and downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of CIDEC in eWAT.Conclusions Nutlin-3a inhibits the formation of lipid droplets by downregulating expression of CIDEC in white adipose tissue.

Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Graft vs Host Disease

Gegen Qinliantang is a representative prescription for dual releasing of exterior and interior and treating diarrhea with fever in the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》）. This prescription consists of Puerariae Lobatae Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle. The combination of the four herbal medicines has the ability to clear both the exterior and the interior， thereby halting diarrhea and clearing heat. According to the idea of treating different diseases with the same method， Gegen Qinliantang is used in clinical practice to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）， which demonstrates positive outcomes. T2DM is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. The etiology and pathogenesis of T2DM are complex， mainly related to heredity， lifestyle， environment， diet and other factors. Clinical observations and experimental studies have shown that Gegen Qinliantang and its effective ingredients have significant effects of preventing and treating T2DM. Clinically， Gegen Qinliantang is often applied with modification， or in combination with Western drugs， demonstrating better therapeutic effects than Western drugs alone. Clinical practice has confirmed that Gegen Qinliantang can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms， reduce the occurrence of complications， and alleviate gastrointestinal adverse reactions in T2DM patients. Experimental studies have demonstrated that Gegen Qinliantang can ameliorate insulin resistance and boost pancreatic function by regulating the insulin and inflammation signaling pathways， alleviating oxidative stress， and modulating gut microbiota to treat T2DM. Nevertheless， more thorough studies remain to be carried out to decipher the mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang in ameliorating insulin resistance in T2DM. To provide theoretical and data references for the subsequent in-depth research on the mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang in treating T2DM and the prevention and treatment of this disease， this article systematically reviews the clinical and experimental research progress of Gegen Qinliantang in ameliorating insulin resistance in T2DM.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Gan-zhou.Methods The epidemiological data of HFMD reported by the Infectious Disease Surveillance System,a sub-system of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,from 2017 to 2020 were analyzed by descriptive methods.Enterovirus(EV)nucleic acid and typing detections via throat swabs,anal swabs or herpes fluid of patients was detected by real-time fluo-rescent polymerase chain reaction.The change in HFMD epidemic characteristics was compared between 2020 and 2017-2019.Results The incidence of HFMD in Ganzhou in 2020 was significantly lower than that from 2017 to 2019(x2=50.587,P＜0.05).In 2020,the incidence of HFMD in counties and districts of Ganzhou(except Huichang County)signifi-cantly decreased compared with that in 2017-2019(P＜0.05).From 2017 to 2019,the incidence of HFMD was obviously seasonal,with a high incidence in summer and autumn,and two significant incidence peaks were formed in June and September in 2017 and 2018,respectively.In 2019,there was a summer peak in June.The epidemic trend in 2020 was different,with a very low epidemic trend in summer and autumn,and a peak in winter.The incidence of HFMD in men,women and all ages in 2020 significantly decreased compared with that in 2017-2019(P＜0.05),and the age of onset was mainly distributed in 1-5 years,especially in children aged 1 to 3 years.There was a significant difference in the incidence of HFMD among different ages(P＜0.05).The positive rate of EV in Ganzhou in 2020 was lower than that from 2017 to 2019(x2=47.273,P＜0.05).The positive rate of EV in January,March to September in 2020 was significantly lower,and the positive rate of EV in November,December 2020 was significantly higher than that in the same period in 2017 to 2019(P＜0.05).Strain CA16 showed an increasing trend year by year from 2017 to 2019,and became the dominant strain in 2019.The proportion of patients infected with CA6 strain was on the fise from 2018 to 2020,and CA6 became the dominant strain in 2020.Conclusion The HFMD in Ganzhou has obvious population characteristics and seasonality,and the pathogen spectrum is constantly changing.