OBJECTIVE To optimize the preparation technology of Jineijin danggui ruchuang ointment and to establish its quality standard. METHODS Using oil phase dosage， emulsifier dosage and emulsification temperature as the indicators， the preparation technology of Jineijin danggui ruchuang ointment was optimized by response surface method. Gallus gallus domesticus and Angelica sinensis in the ointment were identified by TLC. The property of the ointment was observed， and its particle size and deliverable volume were inspected according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The contents of uridine， ferulic acid and ligustilide in the ointment were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The optimal preparation technology of Jineijin danggui ruchuang ointment was as follows： 4.0 g of white vaseline， 7.0 g of liquid paraffin， 5.0 g of lanolin （oil phase）， 0.44 g of triethanolamine as the emulsifier， and emulsification temperature of 78 ℃ . Jineijin danggui ruchuang ointment prepared according to the optimal preparation method was a beige paste， and its particle size and deliverable volume inspection all met the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The identification of TLC for G. gallus domesticus and A. sinensis obtained satisfactory results. The linear ranges of uridine， ferulic acid and ligustilide were 1.6-25.6 μg/mL， 0.003 15-0.100 8 mg/mL， 0.006- 0.192 mg/mL （all r＞0.999）. RSD for the inspection， stability， reproducibility and recovery tests were all less than 2%（ n＝6）. The average contents of uridine， ferulic acid and ligustilide were 0.081 2， 0.100 0 and 0.396 9 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The optimal preparation technology can be used for the production of the in-hospital preparation of Jineijin danggui ruchuang ointment； the content determination method can be used for the quality control of the ointment.

Bloodstream infections(BSIs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The widespread emergence of antimicrobial resistance has significantly increased the complexity of treating BSIs, making the development of precise antimicrobial treatment strategies based on positive blood culture results a critical clinical challenge. Additionally, it is imperative to systematically correct traditional misconceptions to optimize treatment outcomes and alleviate the pressure of antimicrobial selection. This article provides an in-depth exposition across the following dimensions, including bloodstream infection diagnosis, infection source identification, antimicrobial treatment regimen formulation, etc., to optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic process for patients with positive blood culture results.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and immunization history of pertussis cases in Yichang City, Hubei Province from 2018 to 2023. Methods Data on the incidence and immunization history of pertussis cases were collected in Yichang City from 2018 to 2023, and the epidemiological characteristics was analyzed and described. Results A total of 109 cases of pertussis were reported in Yichang from 2018 to 2023, and the annual average reported incidence rate was 0.45/100,000. The incidence rate reported in each year was between 0～1.58/100,000. The area with the highest annual reported incidence rate was Xiling District (1.19/100,000). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate between different years (χ²=208.26, P < 0.001). The annual reported incidence rate showed a significant increasing trend (χ² trend =125.71, P < 0.001). The ratio of male to female cases was 1.22. There was no significant difference in the annual reported incidence rates between males and females (χ²=0.85, P=0.36). Children aged 3-9 years accounted for 60.55%. Students and scattered children accounted for 45.87% and 36.70%, respectively. Before the onset of the disease, 72.48% had a history of immunization with pertussis-containing vaccine, and 27.52% had no history of immunization. The shortest interval between the last dose of pertussis-containing vaccine and the onset of the disease was 8 days, the longest was 4057 days, and the median was 1882 days. Conclusion From 2018 to 2023, the reported incidence of pertussis in Yichang City has been on the rise, with the majority of cases occurring in children and students under the age of 9. It is recommended to strengthen pertussis disease monitoring.

Environmental toxicants have been linked to aging and age-related diseases. The emerging evidence has shown that the enhancement of detoxification gene expression is a common transcriptome marker of long-lived mice, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans. Meanwhile, the resistance to toxicants was increased in long-lived animals. Here, we show that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist obeticholic acid (OCA), a marketed drug for the treatment of cholestasis, may extend the lifespan and healthspan both in C. elegans and chemical-induced early senescent mice. Furthermore, OCA increased the resistance of worms to toxicants and activated the expression of detoxification genes in both mice and C. elegans. The longevity effects of OCA were attenuated in Fxr ^-/- mice and Fxr homologous nhr-8 and daf-12 mutant C. elegans. In addition, metabolome analysis revealed that OCA increased the endogenous agonist levels of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), a major nuclear receptor for detoxification regulation, in the liver of mice. Together, our findings suggest that OCA has the potential to lengthen lifespan and healthspan by activating nuclear receptor-mediated detoxification functions, thus, targeting FXR may offer to promote longevity.

Objective: To analyze the monitoring results of key occupational hazard factors in workplaces across different industries in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (Aba Prefecture), Sichuan Province, so as to provide the basis for optimizing occupational disease prevention and control measures. Methods: Data of key occupational hazard factors in workplaces in Aba Prefecture from 2022 to 2024 were collected through the Workplace Occupational Hazard Monitoring System. Descriptive analyses were conducted on the over-standard rates of occupational hazard factors, completion rates of occupational health examinations, and participation rates in occupational health training. Results: From 2022 to 2024, 165 enterprise-times in Aba Prefecture were monitored, with 112 enterprise-times exceeding the standards, the over-standard rate of enterprises was 67.88%. A total of 1 005 worksite positions were monitored, with 302 exceeding the standards, the over-standard rate of worksite positions was 30.05%. The over-standard rates of enterprises and worksite positions showed upward trends from 2022 to 2024 (both P<0.05). The over-standard rates of enterprises in the ferrous metal mining and dressing industry and non-ferrous metal mining and dressing industry were both 100%. The top three over-standard rates of worksite positions were in the non-metallic mining and dressing industry, ferrous metal mining and dressing industry, and non-ferrous metal mining and dressing industry, at 62.50%, 56.00%, and 53.13%, respectively. Worksite positions exposed to silica dust, noise, and coal dust had relatively high over-standard rates, at 17.00%, 10.04%, and 7.27%, respectively. The actual numbers of physical examinations for personnel at worksite positions with dust, chemical factors, and physical factors were 9 398, 2 469, and 10 928 person-times, respectively, with completion rates of 95.78%, 81.03%, and 100.00%, respectively. The actual number of re-examinations were 428, 129, and 1 121 person-times, respectively, with re-examination rates of 64.26%, 27.27%, and 81.53%, respectively. Among the monitored enterprises, 102 enterprise-times participated in training for persons in charge, with a participation rate of 61.82%; 108 enterprise-times participated in training for occupational health management personnel, with a participation rate of 65.45%; and 10 489 person-times of workers exposed to hazards participated in occupational health training for workers, with a participation rate of 86.24%. Conclusions The over-standard rate of key occupational hazards factors in workplaces in Aba Prefecture was relatively high. The completion rate of occupational health examinations was good, but the re-examination rate was low. It is recommended to focus on strengthening the prevention and control of occupational hazard factors in the mining and dressing industry and promoting the effective implementation of occupational health examinations and occupational health training.

Gegen Qinliantang is a representative prescription for dual releasing of exterior and interior and treating diarrhea with fever in the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》）. This prescription consists of Puerariae Lobatae Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle. The combination of the four herbal medicines has the ability to clear both the exterior and the interior， thereby halting diarrhea and clearing heat. According to the idea of treating different diseases with the same method， Gegen Qinliantang is used in clinical practice to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）， which demonstrates positive outcomes. T2DM is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. The etiology and pathogenesis of T2DM are complex， mainly related to heredity， lifestyle， environment， diet and other factors. Clinical observations and experimental studies have shown that Gegen Qinliantang and its effective ingredients have significant effects of preventing and treating T2DM. Clinically， Gegen Qinliantang is often applied with modification， or in combination with Western drugs， demonstrating better therapeutic effects than Western drugs alone. Clinical practice has confirmed that Gegen Qinliantang can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms， reduce the occurrence of complications， and alleviate gastrointestinal adverse reactions in T2DM patients. Experimental studies have demonstrated that Gegen Qinliantang can ameliorate insulin resistance and boost pancreatic function by regulating the insulin and inflammation signaling pathways， alleviating oxidative stress， and modulating gut microbiota to treat T2DM. Nevertheless， more thorough studies remain to be carried out to decipher the mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang in ameliorating insulin resistance in T2DM. To provide theoretical and data references for the subsequent in-depth research on the mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang in treating T2DM and the prevention and treatment of this disease， this article systematically reviews the clinical and experimental research progress of Gegen Qinliantang in ameliorating insulin resistance in T2DM.

Objective:To investigate the association between quantified CT (QCT)-measured body composition and metabolic syndrome (MS) components in obese populations before bariatric surgery.Methods:A cross-sectional study. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 97 obese patients scheduled for weight-loss surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2021 to March 2023. The patients′ body mass index (BMI), biochemical parameters and body composition measurements obtained by QCT were recorded. The patients were stratified into groups based on gender, obesity severity and the number of MS components. Differences in body composition among the groups were compared. Additionally, the correlations between each body composition parameter and metabolic indicators were analyzed. The diagnostic efficacy of each body composition parameter for identifying obese individuals with different MS components was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results:There were 75 females (77.3%). Male obese patients had higher total abdominal fat area [(693.23±148.90) vs (574.99±114.89) cm 2, t=-3.958, P<0.001], visceral fat area [(289.65±57.67) vs (195.60±57.37) cm 2, t=-6.753, P<0.001], fat content of pancreatic head [27.45%(21.65%, 45.48%) vs 21.60%(17.6%, 26.9%), Z=-2.675, P=0.007], and skeletal muscle index [73.36(68.74, 81.26) vs 61.52(55.74, 66.41) cm 2/m 2, Z=-5.246, P<0.001]. With the increase of obesity, abdominal fat mainly increases in subcutaneous fat. With the increase of MS components (MS2 group, MS3 group, MS4 group, MS5 group), the abdominal fat area, abdominal fat/subcutaneous fat, liver fat content, pancreatic head fat content, and skeletal muscle index of patients all increased accordingly. In diagnosing the presence of two components of MS, area under the curve of visceral fat area was the largest (AUC=0.706, 95% CI=0.577-0.834). For diagnosing the presence of three, four and five components of MS, area under curve of liver fat content were all the largest (MS3=0.712, 95% CI=0.605-0.818; MS4=0.652, 95% CI=0.537-0.766; MS5=0.706, 95% CI=0.576-0.836). Conclusion:There are differences in QCT body composition among obese patients with different MS components, and there is a correlation between each body composition and MS component. Among them, intra-abdominal fat area and liver fat content are of great value in evaluating obese patients with different MS components.

Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Graft vs Host Disease