Colorectal adenoma is a definite precancerous lesion,and the"inflammation-cancer transformation"is a key pathological link in the process of colorectal adenoma-cancer evolution.Under the guidance of the theory of"preventive treatment of diseases"in TCM,prevention before disease onset and preventing the development of the occurred disease has become the consensus and the important subject of clinical research to block the"inflammation-cancer transformation"and prevent the precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer.This article discussed the effectiveness of TCM in preventing and treating the"inflammation-cancer transformation"from different aspects.Its advantages are reflected in improving the symptoms of TCM and improving the quality of life,etc.Its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of cancer-promoting signals,regulating inflammation,maintaining intestinal microbial homeostasis,and protecting the intestinal barrier.By explaining the pathogenesis of adenoma-cancer transformation in TCM,this article discussed the efficacy and advantages of TCM to block"inflammation-cancer transformation",analyzed its intervention targets and pathways,providing references for the intervention of TCM in the management of precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer and the synergistic prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between c-myc gene rearrangement and clinical characteristics, 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT imaging features and prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 152 patients with DLBCL confirmed by pathology and underwent 18F-FDG PET-CT examination one week before treatment at Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from September 2010 to December 2022 were selected, and their clinical data and PET-CT imaging data were collected. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was used to detect c-myc gene rearrangement in tumor tissues. The clinical characteristics and PET-CT imaging features between patients with and without c-myc gene rearrangement were compared. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves of patients, and log-rank test was used for inter group comparison. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of DLBCL patients. Results:Among the 152 patients, there were 85 males (55.9%) and 67 females (44.1%); the age was (58±15) years old (range: 25-81 years old); 22 cases (14.5%) had c-myc gene rearrangement (including 7 cases of double hit), while the remaining 130 cases (85.5%) did not have c-myc gene rearrangement. There were statistically significant differences in the compositions of patients with different treatment plans, National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI) scores, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, positive bcl-6 protein, 18F-FDG PET-CT parameters, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) ≥ 256.04 cm 3, total lesion glycolysis (TLG) ≥ 2 292.34 g between patients with and without c-myc gene rearrangement (all P < 0.05); there were no statistically significant differences in the compositions of patients with different genders, age, tumor involvement range, Ann Arbor staging, immunophenotyping, bone marrow invasion, hepatitis B virus infection, CD10 protein, MUM1 protein, bcl-2 protein, and other 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging parameters (all P > 0.05). The MTV [(727±268) cm 3vs. (314±33) cm 3] and TLG [(8 965±1 868) g vs. (5 341±627) g] of patients with c-myc gene rearrangement were higher than those of patients without c-myc gene rearrangement, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 3.07 and 2.19, respectively, and P values were 0.003 and 0.035, respectively); there was no statistically significant difference in the maximum standardized uptake value, average standardized uptake value, tumor maximum standardized uptake value-to-blood maximum standardized uptake value ratio (TBR), and tumor maximum standardized uptake value-to-liver maximum standardized uptake value ratio between patients with and without c-myc gene rearrangement (all P > 0.05). The median follow-up period was 79.5 months (range: 6-153 months). The PFS and OS of patients with c-myc gene rearrangement were worse than those of patients without c-myc gene rearrangement, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.001). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that Ann Arbor staging, NCCN-IPI score, LDH level, c-myc gene rearrangement, MTV, TLG, and TBR were all associated with poor PFS and OS in DLBCL patients (all P < 0.05); multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of c-myc gene rearrangement was an independent risk factor for PFS (with vs. without, HR = 3.362, 95% CI: 1.825-6.193, P < 0.001) and OS (with vs. without, HR = 4.441, 95% CI: 2.226-8.857, P < 0.001) in DLBCL patients, and NCCN-IPI score (≥ 4 points vs. 0-3 points, HR = 2.439, 95% CI: 1.086-5.495, P = 0.031) and MTV (≥ 256.04 cm 3vs. <256.04 cm 3, HR = 2.439, 95% CI: 1.021-5.814, P = 0.045) were independent risk factors for PFS. Conclusions:DLBCL patients with c-myc gene rearrangement have high tumor burden, late clinical stage and poor prognosis. The rearrangement of c-myc gene may be a predictive factor for disease progression and death in DLBCL patients.

Objective:This study aimed to identify key genes in endothelial cell (EC) associated with the pathogenesis and progression of human venous malformations (VMs) through bioinformatics analysis, providing potential biomarkers for early screening and targeted therapy of VMs.Methods:A case-control study was conducted using surgically resected tissue specimens from VMs patients at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (from September 2021 to September 2023), with malformed venous tissues as the experimental group and distal normal venous tissues as controls. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) was performed on paired experimental and control samples from four VM patients. High-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA), combined with gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, identified critical genes. Validation experiments included 15 additional VM cases and controls using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot.Results:A total of 55 430 nuclei were captured using snRNA-seq, with 30 391 nuclei from the experimental group and 25 039 nuclei from the control group. Cluster analysis identified 22 distinct cell populations, which were annotated into 8 cell types. hdWGCNA revealed four modules associated with invasion, which were enriched in angiogenesis, integrin signaling, and cell adhesion according to GO analysis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and focal adhesion are key regulatory mechanisms. PPI network analysis combined with cytoscape identified EGFL7, TEK, and FLT1 as key genes. RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the relative mRNA expression levels of these three genes in the experimental group (6.66±2.31, 1.86±0.62, 3.49±0.58) were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.05±0.14, 1.00±0.14, 1.06±0.25), with statistically significant differences ( t=9.37, 4.27, 11.20, P<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the relative protein expression levels of these three genes in the cytoplasm of the experimental group (0.84±0.15, 0.68±0.14, 0.85±0.12) were also significantly higher than those in the control group (0.19±0.05, 0.23±0.06, 0.30±0.05), with statistically significant differences ( t=16.62, 5.93, 11.68, P<0.05). Western blot analysis confirmed that the relative protein expression levels of these three genes in the experimental group (0.35±0.04, 0.36±0.09, 0.31±0.04) were significantly higher than those in the control group (0.19±0.01, 0.13±0.02, 0.14±0.04), with statistically significant differences ( t=7.05, 4.61, 5.93, P<0.05). Conclusion:EGFL7, FLT1, and TEK in EC may play crucial roles in the occurrence and invasion of VMs.

Diabetic macular edema(DME), a serious complication of diabetic retinopathy(DR), is a chronic condition caused by multiple factors. Throughout its progression, inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)play a critical role. Anti-VEGF drugs have shown significant effectiveness in the treatment of DME; however, some patients may experience persistent DME after injection or require frequent injections. Dexamethasone intravitreal implants(DEX implants)serve as a sustained-release implant characterized by a reasonable release profile and high bioavailability. They offer safe, effective, and prolonged anti-inflammatory effects, aiding in the repair of retinal barrier and reduction of exudation. To further enhance patients' visual quality, exploring the efficacy of DEX implants in combination with existing treatment regimens has great clinical significance. This review primarily discusses the research advancements in DEX implants, focusing on their pharmacological properties, indications for use, and their combination with existing drugs and treatment methods. It also evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of combination therapy or switching to DEX implants compared to current standard treatments, aiming to provide guidance for personalized treatment options for patients with DME.

Objective:To summarize medication safety assessment tools for clinical nurses both domestically and internationally.Methods:Guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology, a systematic search was conducted across CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang Data. The search period was from the establishment of database to January 1, 2025. Medication safety assessment tools for clinical nurses were extracted, relevant content was systematically analyzed, and the retrieval results were reported in a standardized manner.Results:A total of 28 studies were included, involving 15 medication safety assessment tools for clinical nurses. Assessment methods employed multidimensional and graded self-assessment formats. Based on evaluation perspectives, these tools were categorized into six types, including operational standardization monitoring, cognitive bias calibration, environmental stress testing, capability threshold identification, reporting barrier analysis, and medication information systems. The assessment tools had high reliability and validity, multiple types, and diverse evaluation perspectives.Conclusions:Researchers should carefully select and use assessment tools based on research characteristics. It is necessary to enhance the autonomy of nursing research on medication safety, develop comprehensive and accurate clinical nurse medication safety assessment tools that are adapted to China's clinical context, and promote the improvement of nurse medication safety.

Objective:To summarize medication safety assessment tools for clinical nurses both domestically and internationally.Methods:Guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology, a systematic search was conducted across CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang Data. The search period was from the establishment of database to January 1, 2025. Medication safety assessment tools for clinical nurses were extracted, relevant content was systematically analyzed, and the retrieval results were reported in a standardized manner.Results:A total of 28 studies were included, involving 15 medication safety assessment tools for clinical nurses. Assessment methods employed multidimensional and graded self-assessment formats. Based on evaluation perspectives, these tools were categorized into six types, including operational standardization monitoring, cognitive bias calibration, environmental stress testing, capability threshold identification, reporting barrier analysis, and medication information systems. The assessment tools had high reliability and validity, multiple types, and diverse evaluation perspectives.Conclusions:Researchers should carefully select and use assessment tools based on research characteristics. It is necessary to enhance the autonomy of nursing research on medication safety, develop comprehensive and accurate clinical nurse medication safety assessment tools that are adapted to China's clinical context, and promote the improvement of nurse medication safety.

Objective:To systematically retrieve, extract and summarize the best evidence regarding the prevention and management of perioperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with colorectal cancer, and to provide an evidence-based basis for clinical nursing practice.Methods:All evidence on the prevention and management of perioperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in colorectal cancer patients in various domestic and international databases and websites such as UpToDate, China national knowledge infrastructure, etc. were searched according to the "6S" pyramid model, including clinical decisions, guidelines, expert consensus, systematic evaluations, and randomized controlled trials from the time of database construction to August 15, 2024, on a top-to-bottom basis. Literature screening, quality assessment, and evidence extraction were performed independently by 2 nursing researchers.Results:A total of 19 documents were finally included, included 4 guidelines, 3 expert consensus, 7 systematic evaluations, 1 Meta-analysis, and 4 randomized controlled trials, and 35 pieces of evidence were summarized in 6 areas, including screening and assessment, build a multidisciplinary team, preoperative preparation, intraoperative monitoring, postoperative care, and evaluation of outcomes.Conclusions:The evidence summarized in this study is both scientifically rigorous and practically applicable, and can be used by healthcare professionals to design care plans for colorectal cancer patients that accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function, thereby promoting evidence-based clinical nursing practice.

Objective:This study aimed to identify key genes in endothelial cell (EC) associated with the pathogenesis and progression of human venous malformations (VMs) through bioinformatics analysis, providing potential biomarkers for early screening and targeted therapy of VMs.Methods:A case-control study was conducted using surgically resected tissue specimens from VMs patients at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (from September 2021 to September 2023), with malformed venous tissues as the experimental group and distal normal venous tissues as controls. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) was performed on paired experimental and control samples from four VM patients. High-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA), combined with gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, identified critical genes. Validation experiments included 15 additional VM cases and controls using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot.Results:A total of 55 430 nuclei were captured using snRNA-seq, with 30 391 nuclei from the experimental group and 25 039 nuclei from the control group. Cluster analysis identified 22 distinct cell populations, which were annotated into 8 cell types. hdWGCNA revealed four modules associated with invasion, which were enriched in angiogenesis, integrin signaling, and cell adhesion according to GO analysis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and focal adhesion are key regulatory mechanisms. PPI network analysis combined with cytoscape identified EGFL7, TEK, and FLT1 as key genes. RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the relative mRNA expression levels of these three genes in the experimental group (6.66±2.31, 1.86±0.62, 3.49±0.58) were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.05±0.14, 1.00±0.14, 1.06±0.25), with statistically significant differences ( t=9.37, 4.27, 11.20, P<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the relative protein expression levels of these three genes in the cytoplasm of the experimental group (0.84±0.15, 0.68±0.14, 0.85±0.12) were also significantly higher than those in the control group (0.19±0.05, 0.23±0.06, 0.30±0.05), with statistically significant differences ( t=16.62, 5.93, 11.68, P<0.05). Western blot analysis confirmed that the relative protein expression levels of these three genes in the experimental group (0.35±0.04, 0.36±0.09, 0.31±0.04) were significantly higher than those in the control group (0.19±0.01, 0.13±0.02, 0.14±0.04), with statistically significant differences ( t=7.05, 4.61, 5.93, P<0.05). Conclusion:EGFL7, FLT1, and TEK in EC may play crucial roles in the occurrence and invasion of VMs.

Colorectal adenoma is a definite precancerous lesion,and the"inflammation-cancer transformation"is a key pathological link in the process of colorectal adenoma-cancer evolution.Under the guidance of the theory of"preventive treatment of diseases"in TCM,prevention before disease onset and preventing the development of the occurred disease has become the consensus and the important subject of clinical research to block the"inflammation-cancer transformation"and prevent the precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer.This article discussed the effectiveness of TCM in preventing and treating the"inflammation-cancer transformation"from different aspects.Its advantages are reflected in improving the symptoms of TCM and improving the quality of life,etc.Its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of cancer-promoting signals,regulating inflammation,maintaining intestinal microbial homeostasis,and protecting the intestinal barrier.By explaining the pathogenesis of adenoma-cancer transformation in TCM,this article discussed the efficacy and advantages of TCM to block"inflammation-cancer transformation",analyzed its intervention targets and pathways,providing references for the intervention of TCM in the management of precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer and the synergistic prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Objective:To systematically retrieve, extract and summarize the best evidence regarding the prevention and management of perioperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with colorectal cancer, and to provide an evidence-based basis for clinical nursing practice.Methods:All evidence on the prevention and management of perioperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in colorectal cancer patients in various domestic and international databases and websites such as UpToDate, China national knowledge infrastructure, etc. were searched according to the "6S" pyramid model, including clinical decisions, guidelines, expert consensus, systematic evaluations, and randomized controlled trials from the time of database construction to August 15, 2024, on a top-to-bottom basis. Literature screening, quality assessment, and evidence extraction were performed independently by 2 nursing researchers.Results:A total of 19 documents were finally included, included 4 guidelines, 3 expert consensus, 7 systematic evaluations, 1 Meta-analysis, and 4 randomized controlled trials, and 35 pieces of evidence were summarized in 6 areas, including screening and assessment, build a multidisciplinary team, preoperative preparation, intraoperative monitoring, postoperative care, and evaluation of outcomes.Conclusions:The evidence summarized in this study is both scientifically rigorous and practically applicable, and can be used by healthcare professionals to design care plans for colorectal cancer patients that accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function, thereby promoting evidence-based clinical nursing practice.