Objective:To analyze the perceptions, attitudes toward cognitive screening and associated factors in Chinese population.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study, a total of 1 246 Chinese residents who used smartphones and completed the cognitive screening survey in the Sojump application from February 22 to March 7, 2024 were consecutively selected as the study subjects. The questionnaire content included demographic data, physical examination information, perceptions of cognitive disorders, perceptions, attitudes and suggestions of cognitive screening. A total of 1 273 questionnaires were distributed, and 1 273 were retrieved, of which 1 246 were valid (97.9%). The logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with the attitudes toward cognitive screening in the subjects.Results:Of the 1 246 respondents included in the study, 468 were male and 778 were female, with a mean age of (43.9±13.8) years. The respondents covered 26 provincial-level administrative regions in China, including 347 (27.8%) in the east, 429 (34.4%) in the middle and 470 (37.7%) in the west. While 943 respondents failed to comprehend the cognitive screening, 914 considered it necessary. Additionally, 447 respondents recommended initiating cognitive screening at age 50, 927 respondents recommended annual screening, and 924 respondents preferred scale assessment. Female ( OR=2.121, 95% CI: 1.599-2.815), middle-aged and elderly ( OR=1.681, 95% CI: 1.223-2.310), urban residents ( OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.002-2.029), high per capita monthly household income ( OR=1.253, 95% CI: 1.063-1.477), had complete physical examination ( OR=1.404, 95% CI: 1.015-1.943), better understanding of cognitive disorders ( OR=2.202, 95% CI: 1.750-2.772), and better understanding of cognitive screening ( OR=3.313, 95% CI: 2.227-4.931) showed positive correlations with the attitude favoring cognitive screening (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The perception levels of cognitive screening among Chinese residents are relatively low, but their attitudes are positive. Socio-economic factors, behavioral experiences, and knowledge levels are associated with residents′ attitudes toward cognitive screening.

Objective:To explore the application and clinical significance of pathological diagnostic criteria for medically refractory epilepsy in children.Methods:Cross-sectional study.A retrospective analysis was conducted on 490 children(pathology involved) with medically refractory epilepsy treated continuously in the Pediatric Epilepsy Center of Peking University First Hospital from January 2019 to May 2022.The distribution of different pathological types was observed, and the differences in clinical characteristics among different pathological types were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis or χ2 tests.The impact of clinical and pathological features on patient prognosis was evaluated through regression analysis. Results:Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) was the predominant lesion (49.59%, 243/490).The electroencephalograms ( χ2=6.720, P=0.035) and clinical seizure characteristics ( χ2=26.370, P<0.001) in FCDⅡ were more focal than those in FCD Ⅰ and Ⅲ.Moreover, the proportions of focal resection in surgery ( χ2=24.286, P<0.001) and central involvement ( χ2=22.849, P<0.001) in FCDⅡ were higher than those in FCD Ⅰ and Ⅲ.Univariate and multivariate regression analyses revealed that FCD Ⅱ had a better prognosis than other dysplastic patients among the 375 cases of dysplasia ( P=0.049).Next-generation sequencing was performed on 35 cases of cortical malformations with such morphological characteristics as increased numbers of neurons in the white matter and Olig2-positive glial cell hyperplasia, and SLC35A2 mutations were detected in 2 cases (5.71%). Conclusions:Pathology of refractory epilepsy is specialized and continuously evolving.Standardized specimen processing and the accumulation of morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic data provide the foundation for clarifying the neuropathological nature of epilepsy, improving integrated classification, and advancing prognosis prediction and targeted therapy.

Objective:To explore the application and clinical significance of pathological diagnostic criteria for medically refractory epilepsy in children.Methods:Cross-sectional study.A retrospective analysis was conducted on 490 children(pathology involved) with medically refractory epilepsy treated continuously in the Pediatric Epilepsy Center of Peking University First Hospital from January 2019 to May 2022.The distribution of different pathological types was observed, and the differences in clinical characteristics among different pathological types were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis or χ2 tests.The impact of clinical and pathological features on patient prognosis was evaluated through regression analysis. Results:Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) was the predominant lesion (49.59%, 243/490).The electroencephalograms ( χ2=6.720, P=0.035) and clinical seizure characteristics ( χ2=26.370, P<0.001) in FCDⅡ were more focal than those in FCD Ⅰ and Ⅲ.Moreover, the proportions of focal resection in surgery ( χ2=24.286, P<0.001) and central involvement ( χ2=22.849, P<0.001) in FCDⅡ were higher than those in FCD Ⅰ and Ⅲ.Univariate and multivariate regression analyses revealed that FCD Ⅱ had a better prognosis than other dysplastic patients among the 375 cases of dysplasia ( P=0.049).Next-generation sequencing was performed on 35 cases of cortical malformations with such morphological characteristics as increased numbers of neurons in the white matter and Olig2-positive glial cell hyperplasia, and SLC35A2 mutations were detected in 2 cases (5.71%). Conclusions:Pathology of refractory epilepsy is specialized and continuously evolving.Standardized specimen processing and the accumulation of morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic data provide the foundation for clarifying the neuropathological nature of epilepsy, improving integrated classification, and advancing prognosis prediction and targeted therapy.

Objective:To analyze the perceptions, attitudes toward cognitive screening and associated factors in Chinese population.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study, a total of 1 246 Chinese residents who used smartphones and completed the cognitive screening survey in the Sojump application from February 22 to March 7, 2024 were consecutively selected as the study subjects. The questionnaire content included demographic data, physical examination information, perceptions of cognitive disorders, perceptions, attitudes and suggestions of cognitive screening. A total of 1 273 questionnaires were distributed, and 1 273 were retrieved, of which 1 246 were valid (97.9%). The logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with the attitudes toward cognitive screening in the subjects.Results:Of the 1 246 respondents included in the study, 468 were male and 778 were female, with a mean age of (43.9±13.8) years. The respondents covered 26 provincial-level administrative regions in China, including 347 (27.8%) in the east, 429 (34.4%) in the middle and 470 (37.7%) in the west. While 943 respondents failed to comprehend the cognitive screening, 914 considered it necessary. Additionally, 447 respondents recommended initiating cognitive screening at age 50, 927 respondents recommended annual screening, and 924 respondents preferred scale assessment. Female ( OR=2.121, 95% CI: 1.599-2.815), middle-aged and elderly ( OR=1.681, 95% CI: 1.223-2.310), urban residents ( OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.002-2.029), high per capita monthly household income ( OR=1.253, 95% CI: 1.063-1.477), had complete physical examination ( OR=1.404, 95% CI: 1.015-1.943), better understanding of cognitive disorders ( OR=2.202, 95% CI: 1.750-2.772), and better understanding of cognitive screening ( OR=3.313, 95% CI: 2.227-4.931) showed positive correlations with the attitude favoring cognitive screening (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The perception levels of cognitive screening among Chinese residents are relatively low, but their attitudes are positive. Socio-economic factors, behavioral experiences, and knowledge levels are associated with residents′ attitudes toward cognitive screening.

Recent studies have shown that the physiological homeostasis of oral mucosal cells is regulated by the circadian clock.Dis-ruption or dysfunction of the circadian clock is closely associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Research based on the circadian clock offers a novel perspective on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for OSCC.However,there is current-ly limited research on this topic,and people generally have insufficient understanding and recognition of the circadian clock.Given the complexity and challenges of circadian clock which is the fourth dimension of medical research,we organize relevant experts based on summarizing the current research results of circadian clock in the pathogenesis and precision diagnosis and treatment of OSCC,combining the scientific principles of the circadian clock's role and their long-term research experience,then summarizes and recommends the con-sensus opinions for the research of circadian clock in the pathogenesis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of human OSCC,with the hope of providing guidance for the basic research and clinical application of circadian clock or circadian rhythm in the pathogene-sis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma.

Recent studies have shown that the physiological homeostasis of oral mucosal cells is regulated by the circadian clock.Dis-ruption or dysfunction of the circadian clock is closely associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Research based on the circadian clock offers a novel perspective on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for OSCC.However,there is current-ly limited research on this topic,and people generally have insufficient understanding and recognition of the circadian clock.Given the complexity and challenges of circadian clock which is the fourth dimension of medical research,we organize relevant experts based on summarizing the current research results of circadian clock in the pathogenesis and precision diagnosis and treatment of OSCC,combining the scientific principles of the circadian clock's role and their long-term research experience,then summarizes and recommends the con-sensus opinions for the research of circadian clock in the pathogenesis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of human OSCC,with the hope of providing guidance for the basic research and clinical application of circadian clock or circadian rhythm in the pathogene-sis mechanism and precision diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective:Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) cell lines were established using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a patient suffering from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) who carried Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A3 ( ABCA3) compound heterozygous mutations. Methods:Cell experimental research.Peripheral venous blood was collected and PBMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. PBMCs were transfected with non-integrated Sendai vector carrying reprogramming factors.The chromosome karyotypes of the established iPSCs were analyzed.Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect pluripotency markers of stem cells and verify their differentiation potential.Sanger sequencing was performed to analyze gene mutations.In addition, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis was performed, polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to detect virus residual. Results:Karyotype analysis of established iPSCs cell lines showed normal diploid 46, XY karyotype.Immunofluorescence showed positive staining of stem cell pluripotency markers OCT4, SSEA4, Nanog and Sox2.Flow cytometry was used to detected stem cell pluripotency markers and showed expression of TRA-1-60, SSEA-4 and OCT4.After differentiation into all three germ layers, immunofluorescence was performed to detect ectoderm (Pax-6), mesoderm (Brachyury) and endoderm alpha-fetoprotein markers, and the results showed positive staining, which confirmed that the iPSCs had the potential to differentiate.Sanger sequencing showed c. 3997_3998del and c. 3137C>T compound heterozygous mutations.STR analysis showed they originate from PBMCs, and no Sendai virus residual was detected by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis.Conclusions:In this study, PBMCs from patient carrying ABCA3 compound heterozygous mutations was used to establish iPSCs cell lines.The research lays a foundation for the study of pathogenesis, therapeutic drug screening and cell therapy of NRDS caused by ABCA3 gene mutations.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.