BackgroundIn recent years， the incidence of depression among adolescents has been increasing steadily， posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health and even leading to severe consequences such as self-harm and suicide. At the same time， the detection rate of subclinical depression symptoms among adolescents is even higher. Although these symptoms do not meet the clinical diagnostic criteria， they have significantly affected their quality of life， and their persistence over time may further develop into depression. Therefore， in-depth exploration of adolescent depression symptoms and the predictive factors holds significant practical significance and research value. However， up to now， no large-scale investigation and research on depression symptoms among children and adolescents has been conducted in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， in order to provide references for formulating scientific and effective prevention strategies and intervention measures. MethodsBy using the cluster stratified random sampling method， 6 281 students from the third grade of primary school to the second grade of high school in 12 leagues and cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected in March 2024. A self-designed questionnaire and the Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） were used for on-site investigation. ResultsA total of 6 058 （96.45%） children and adolescents completed the valid questionnaire survey， and 2 728 cases （45.03%） were found to have depressive symptoms. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents of different genders， ages， whether they were only children， different family types， family monthly income， parents' educational levels， and whether the mother was employed （χ²=33.769， 40.618， 48.593， 29.972， 142.648， 195.999， 168.190， 5.445， P<0.05 or 0.01）.The results of the Logistic regression analysis showed that for children and adolescents， being female， aged between 12 and 16， over 16 years old， not being an only child， living in a reconstituted family， having a monthly family income of less than 5 000 yuan， and having parents with an education level of primary school or below were predictors of depressive symptoms （OR=1.241， 1.427， 1.273， 1.177， 1.549， 1.278， 1.462， 1.417， 1.514， 1.929， 1.660， 1.528， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionThe detection rate of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high. Factors that may predict depressive symptoms in children and adolescents include female gender， ages between 12 and 16， ages over 16 years old， non-only children， families with a restructured structure， monthly family income of less than 5 000 yuan， and parents with an education level of primary school or below. ［Funded by Science and Technology Planning Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region （number， 2022YFSH0119）］

Objective To analyze the related factors of retinopathy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explore the discriminant efficiency. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 314 elderly patients with T2DM who were treated in Beijing Aerospace General Hospital between April 2022 and April 2025. The related factors of retinopathy in elderly patients with T2DM were explored by logistic regression analysis. ROC curve was drawn to analyze the discriminant efficiency of related factors. Results Compared with the patients in the non-concurrent group, the patients in the concurrent group had a longer course of diabetes mellitus, a higher level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and higher proportions of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hypertension history, high myopia history and smoking history (P<0.05). After logistic regression analysis, the course of diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, history of hypertension and history of high myopia were found to be related factors of retinopathy in elderly patients with T2DM (P<0.05). Based on the above related factors, a model was established for ROC curve analysis, and it was found that the area under the curve was 0.935, with sensitivity, specificity, and 95%CI being 0.867, 0.916, and 0.890-0.979, respectively. Conclusion Course of diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, history of hypertension, and history of high myopia are related factors of retinopathy in elderly patients with T2DM. These related factors demonstrate good discriminant efficiency on retinopathy in elderly patients with T2DM.

Uveal melanoma(UM)is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by high invasiveness and unique metastatic biological features. Although local treatments(such as proton beam therapy and brachytherapy)can effectively control the primary lesion, approximately 50% of patients eventually develop distant metastasis, with the liver being the primary target organ(occurring in 90% of cases). This highlights a paradigm shift in treatment focus from mere local control to systemic prevention and management. For metastatic UM(mUM), current treatment strategies encompass biomarker-guided molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy(including Tebentafusp, vaccines, and oncolytic virus therapy), and liver-directed therapy. Focusing on the synergy between local and systemic prevention and control, this article systematically elaborates on the precision local treatment for primary UM, the decision-making pathway for systemic treatment of metastatic UM based on molecular subtyping, the integration of local and systemic therapies for liver metastases, and the translational value of nanomedicine in addressing therapeutic bottlenecks. It provides insights for optimizing clinical management of mUM and developing novel therapeutic strategies.

[摘 要] 目的：探究外周血1型辅助性T细胞（Th1）/Th2/Th17细胞相关细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-17A对Ⅲ~Ⅳ期肺鳞状细胞癌（LSCC）患者一线免疫治疗联合化疗疗效和预后的预测价值及其动态变化的意义。方法：回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年12月在内蒙古医科大学附属医院接受一线免疫治疗联合化疗的58例Ⅲ~Ⅳ期LSCC患者的临床资料，采集基线及治疗2、4、6周期后和疾病进展时的外周血，用流式细胞术检测Th1/Th2/Th17细胞分泌的细胞因子水平，用受试者工作特性曲线（ROC）确定各细胞因子基线的最佳截断值，据此将患者分为高、低表达组；根据RECIST 1.1标准，将患者分为客观缓解（ORR）[完全缓解（CR） + 部分缓解（PR）]组、非ORR[（疾病稳定（SD） + 疾病进展（PD）]组、疾病控制（DCR）（CR + PR + SD）组和非DCR（即PD）组；根据PD-L1表达评分将患者分为PD-L1 ≥ 1%组和PD-L1 < 1%或未知组。比较组间疗效的差异；分析临床病理特征与疗效的相关性；用广义估计方程（GEE）评估细胞因子动态变化与疗效的关系；用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，Log-Rank检验比较组间差异，COX比例风险回归模型进行单因素及多因素预后分析。结果：IL-2和IFN-γ高表达组患者的客观缓解率（ORR）显著高于低表达组患者（P < 0.001）。IL-2、IFN-γ高表达组和IL-10、TNF-α低表达组患者的疾病控制率（DCR）均显著高于对应低/高表达组（P < 0.001）。PD-L1 ≥ 1%组DCR显著高于PD-L1 < 1%或未知组（P < 0.001）。动态分析显示，在4周期及6周期时，有效组患者血清中IL-6表达水平显著低于无效组（P < 0.05），控制组IL-6表达水平显著低于未控制组（P < 0.001）；治疗前及6周期时有效组IFN-γ表达水平显著高于无效组（P < 0.05），治疗前控制组IFN-γ表达水平显著高于未控制组（P < 0.05）。生存分析显示，IL-2低表达组、IL-10高表达组、TNF-α高表达组和IFN-γ低表达组患者的中位PFS显著缩短（均P < 0.05）。COX多因素分析证实，治疗前IL-2 < 2.45 pg/mL和IL-10 ≥ 3.52 pg/mL 是PFS的独立危险因素。结论：外周血Th1/Th2/Th17细胞相关细胞因子的基线水平及动态变化对Ⅲ~Ⅳ期LSCC患者一线免疫治疗联合化疗的疗效和预后具有预测价值。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops within a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which limits the efficacy of immunotherapy. Polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward a pro-tumorigenic M2 phenotype is a major driver of immune escape. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death program, intersects with hepatic iron metabolism and immune regulation and thus offers promising points of therapeutic intervention. This review systematically elucidates the mechanistic role of TAM ferroptosis in HCC immune evasion and highlights a “bidirectional regulation” intervention strategy grounded in the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle of “fortifying healthy qi and eliminating pathogens” (Fuzheng Quxie). This strategy employs “eliminating pathogens” (Quxie) approaches to exploit the metabolic vulnerability of M2-like TAMs and precisely induce their ferroptosis. Moreover, it utilizes “fortifying healthy qi” (Fuzheng) approaches to protect M1-like TAMs and CD8⁺ T cells from oxidative damage. This parallel “induction-protection” paradigm demonstrates the unique advantages of TCM in systemically remodeling TIME through multitarget synergistic actions. Accordingly, precision regulation of TAM ferroptosis based on the Fuzheng Quxie theory represents a promising integrative Chinese-Western medicine strategy for overcoming current bottlenecks in HCC immunotherapy, although its clinical translational potential warrants further validation.

OBJECTIVE To improve the inventory turnover rate of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） decoction pieces in hospitals and achieve refined inventory management for cost reduction and efficiency improvement. METHODS Inventory data of TCM decoction pieces in our hospital from 2022 to 2023 were collected. Based on the sale amount and demand coefficient of variation respectively， the ABC classification method and XYZ analysis method were adopted for classification. The two classification results were combined through a cross matrix to divide them into three-level management priorities： level Ⅰ （AX， AY， BX）， level Ⅱ （AZ， BY， CX）， and level Ⅲ （BZ， CY， CZ）. Differentiated inventory strategies were formulated for each level， and core indicators such as turnover rate and inventory cost before and after inventory management optimization were compared. RESULTS There were 58 types （14.22%） in level Ⅰ， 85 types （20.83%） in level Ⅱ， and 265 types （64.95%） in level Ⅲ. After inventory management optimization， the average inventory value of TCM decoction pieces decreased by 341 800 yuan， the average turnover rate increased by 73.03%， and the average turnover days decreased by 4.98 days. The differences in all indicators before and after optimization were statistically significant （ P ＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The ABC-XYZ analysis method can break through the single-dimensional limitation of the traditional ABC classification method， adapt to characteristics such as the strong seasonality of TCM decoction pieces， significantly optimize the inventory structure， improve turnover efficiency， and reduce operating costs. It provides a feasible plan for the refined and scientific management of hospital TCM warehouses.

To analyze the clinical characteristics of acute diquat poisoning complicated by central nervous system injury (CNSI) and identify early risk factors, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for reducing mortality in diquat poisoning with CNSI.

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus tapeworms, posing a severe threat to patients' health. Its diagnostic techniques play a vital role in clinical diagnosis and treatment, surgical planning, and prognostic evaluation. Currently, the diagnostic methods for echinococcosis mainly include etiological, immunological, imaging, and molecular biological diagnostic techniques. This article comprehensively reviews existing diagnostic techniques for echinococcosis, analyzes the advantages and limitations of various methods, and explores their application prospects. With continuous advancements in scientific technology, emerging diagnostic approaches are expected to substantially enhance the efficiency and accuracy of echinococcosis diagnosis. These research findings will provide valuable references for the development of rapid clinical diagnostic detection products at the current stage, potentially improving cure rates, alleviating patients' disease burden, and offering robust support for the prevention, control, and treatment of echinococcosis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild rodents in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, so as to provide insights into formulation of technical guidelines for monitoring of and the precise control strategy for S. japonicum infections in wild rodents during the elimination phase. Methods Two administrative villages where schistosomiasis was historically highly prevalent were selected each from Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, and Duchang County, Jiangxi Province as study villages. Wild rodents were captured from study villages with baited traps or cages at night in June and September, 2021. The number of rodents captured was recorded, and the rodent species was characterized based on morphologi-cal characteristics. Liver tissues were sampled from captured rodents for macroscopical observation of the presence of egg granu- lomas, and S. japonicum infection was detected simultaneously using liver tissue homogenate microscopy, examinations of mesenteric tissues for parasites, and modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique (Kato-Katz technique). A positive S. japonicum infection was defined as detection of S. japonicum eggs or adult worms by any of these methods. The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents were compared in different study villages and at different time periods, and the detection of S. japonicum infections in wild rodents was compared by different assays. Results The overall rate of wild ro- dent capture was 8.28% (237/2 861) in Dongzhi County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 9.24% (133/1 439) and 7.31% (104/1 422) in two study villages (χ² = 3.503, P = 0.061), and were 8.59% (121/1 409) and 7.99% (116/1 452) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.337, P = 0.561). The overall rate of wild rodent capture was 3.72% (77/2 072) in Duchang County, and the wild rodent capture rates were 6.91% (67/970) and 0.91% (10/1 102) in two study villages (χ² = 51.901, P < 0.001), and were 4.13% (39/945) and 3.37% (38/1 127) in June and September, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.815, P = 0.365). Rattus norvegicus was the predominant rodent species captured in both counties, accounting for 70.04% (166/237) of all captured wild rodents in Dongzhi County and 88.31% (68/77) in Duchang County. No S. japonicum infection was detected in wild rodents captured in Duchang County. Nevertheless, the overall prevalence of S. japonicum infections was 51.05% (121/237) in wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, with prevalence rates of 50.38% (67/133) and 51.92% (54/104) in two study villages (χ² = 0.098, P = 0.755), and 54.31% (63/116) and 47.93% (58/121) in September and June, 2021, respectively (χ² = 0.964, P = 0.326). Of 237 wild rodents captured in Dongzhi County, there were 140 (59.07%) rodents with visible hepatic egg granulomas, 117 (49.47%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs by liver tissue homogenate microscopy, 34 (14.35%) tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with Kato-Katz technique; however, no adult S. japonicum worms were detected in mesenteric tissues. In addition, hepatic egg granulomas were found in all wild rodents tested positive for S. japonicum eggs with liver tissue homogenate microscopy. Conclusions The rate of wild rodent capture and prevalence of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents vary greatly in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, and the prevalence of S. japonicum infection is slightly higher in wild rodents captured in autumn than in summer. Liver tissue is recommended as the preferred sample for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents, and a combination of macroscopical observation of hepatic egg granulomas and liver tissue homogenate microscopy may be a standard method for surveillance of S. japonicum infection in wild rodents.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture at "four pharyngeal points" on simple vocal tics with liver hyperactivity disturbed wind in children. METHODS: Sixty children with simple vocal tics of liver hyperactivity disturbed wind were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 1 case dropped out) and a control group (30 cases). The control group was given Changma Xifeng tablets orally, 3 times a day, while the observation group was treated with acupuncture at "four pharyngeal points" on the basis of the treatment in the control group, 15-20 min a time, once daily for 7 days, with a 3-day break. Both groups were treated for 3 months. The TCM syndrome score and Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS) score of the two groups were observed before treatment and after 1, 2, 3 months of treatment, the disappearance time of simple vocal tics was recorded, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after treatment. RESULTS: After 1, 2, 3 months of treatment, the TCM syndrome scores and YGTSS scores of the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the scores of the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The disappearance time of simple vocal tics in the observation group was earlier than that in the control group (P<0.05). The effective rate of the observation group was 93.1% (27/29), which was higher than 73.3% (22/30) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Acupuncture at "four pharyngeal points" could improve symptoms in children with simple vocal tics of liver hyperactivity disturbed wind, and shorten the disappearance time of simple vocal tics.
Humans ; Male ; Acupuncture Points ; Female ; Child ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Child, Preschool ; Liver/drug effects* ; Tics/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome