BACKGROUND:Research has found that human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells have certain therapeutic effects on thin endometrium.However,there are currently no reports on the study of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells on thin endometrium,and there is a lack of relevant research comparing the three.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,monocytes,and mesenchymal stem cells in repairing thin endometrium in rats.METHODS:Sixty female SPF grade SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group,with 12 rats in each group.The sham operation group received 0.5 mL physiological saline injection into the uterine horn,followed by 0.5 mL of PBS infusion after 5 minutes;The model group,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group were injected with 0.5 mL of 95％ethanol by volume.After 5 minutes,the remaining ethanol was aspirated and washed twice with physiological saline.Then,0.5 mL of PBS,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells(1×107 cells/mL),and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells(1×107 cells/mL)were perfused separately.During the third normal estrus cycle after reperfusion,organs,tissues and serum were collected for testing of relevant indicators.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The macroscopic view of uterine tissue,hematoxylin eosin staining and Masson staining results:the sham operation group had intact structure,moderate endometrial thickness,and clear vascular structure.Compared with the sham operation group,the model group showed uterine atrophy,incomplete structure,significantly reduced endometrial thickness and glandular quantity,disordered vascular structure,and increased fibrosis.Compared with the model group,after treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives,the size,structure,and endometrial thickness of the uterus were restored(all P＜0.01),and fibrosis was reduced,with the most significant recovery observed in the human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group.The increase in glandular quantity was most significant in the human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group(P＜0.000 1).(2)The immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results of uterine tissue showed that compared with the sham operation group,the expression levels of cell proliferation related indicators such as keratin 9 and vimentin,endometrial receptivity related indicators such as leukemia inhibitory factor and integrin αyβ3,platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule,basic fibroblast growth factor,and vascular endothelial growth factor were all reduced in the model group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the above indicators were significantly increased after treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives.Comparison of human umbilical cord blood derivatives among groups showed that keratin 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor protein:human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group;Wave shaped protein and leukemia inhibitory factor protein:human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group;Integrin αyβ3 protein:human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group;Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule protein:human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group;Basic fibroblast growth factor protein:human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group.(3)Western blot analysis showed that compared with the sham operation group,the protein levels of interleukin-6,interleukin-1β,and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the model group were significantly increased(all P＜0.001),and their expression levels decreased after treatment(all P＜0.05).(4)ELISA assay showed that compared with the sham operation group,the model group had lower levels of anti Mullerian hormone,estradiol,and progesterone,and increased levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone(except for luteinizing hormone,all P＜0.05).After treatment,there was a certain degree of recovery in the levels of sex hormones and anti Mullerian hormones.(5)Fertility experiments showed that compared with the sham operation group,the model group had an increase in conception time and a significant decrease in litter size(all P＜0.05).After treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives,the litter size of all three groups increased(P＜0.05),and no significant differences were found between the groups.This study preliminarily reveals that human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells have a certain therapeutic effect on thin endometrium,and human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells have different advantages and differences in improving endometrial regeneration function,endometrial receptivity,angiogenesis,inflammation regulation,and improving pregnancy outcomes in thin endometrium.

BACKGROUND:Research has found that human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells have certain therapeutic effects on thin endometrium.However,there are currently no reports on the study of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells on thin endometrium,and there is a lack of relevant research comparing the three.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,monocytes,and mesenchymal stem cells in repairing thin endometrium in rats.METHODS:Sixty female SPF grade SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group,with 12 rats in each group.The sham operation group received 0.5 mL physiological saline injection into the uterine horn,followed by 0.5 mL of PBS infusion after 5 minutes;The model group,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group were injected with 0.5 mL of 95％ethanol by volume.After 5 minutes,the remaining ethanol was aspirated and washed twice with physiological saline.Then,0.5 mL of PBS,human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells(1×107 cells/mL),and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells(1×107 cells/mL)were perfused separately.During the third normal estrus cycle after reperfusion,organs,tissues and serum were collected for testing of relevant indicators.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The macroscopic view of uterine tissue,hematoxylin eosin staining and Masson staining results:the sham operation group had intact structure,moderate endometrial thickness,and clear vascular structure.Compared with the sham operation group,the model group showed uterine atrophy,incomplete structure,significantly reduced endometrial thickness and glandular quantity,disordered vascular structure,and increased fibrosis.Compared with the model group,after treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives,the size,structure,and endometrial thickness of the uterus were restored(all P＜0.01),and fibrosis was reduced,with the most significant recovery observed in the human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group.The increase in glandular quantity was most significant in the human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group(P＜0.000 1).(2)The immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results of uterine tissue showed that compared with the sham operation group,the expression levels of cell proliferation related indicators such as keratin 9 and vimentin,endometrial receptivity related indicators such as leukemia inhibitory factor and integrin αyβ3,platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule,basic fibroblast growth factor,and vascular endothelial growth factor were all reduced in the model group(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the above indicators were significantly increased after treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives.Comparison of human umbilical cord blood derivatives among groups showed that keratin 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor protein:human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group;Wave shaped protein and leukemia inhibitory factor protein:human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group;Integrin αyβ3 protein:human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group;Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule protein:human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group;Basic fibroblast growth factor protein:human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell group＞human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma group＞human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell group.(3)Western blot analysis showed that compared with the sham operation group,the protein levels of interleukin-6,interleukin-1β,and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the model group were significantly increased(all P＜0.001),and their expression levels decreased after treatment(all P＜0.05).(4)ELISA assay showed that compared with the sham operation group,the model group had lower levels of anti Mullerian hormone,estradiol,and progesterone,and increased levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone(except for luteinizing hormone,all P＜0.05).After treatment,there was a certain degree of recovery in the levels of sex hormones and anti Mullerian hormones.(5)Fertility experiments showed that compared with the sham operation group,the model group had an increase in conception time and a significant decrease in litter size(all P＜0.05).After treatment with human umbilical cord blood derivatives,the litter size of all three groups increased(P＜0.05),and no significant differences were found between the groups.This study preliminarily reveals that human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells have a certain therapeutic effect on thin endometrium,and human umbilical cord blood platelet rich plasma,human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells,and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells have different advantages and differences in improving endometrial regeneration function,endometrial receptivity,angiogenesis,inflammation regulation,and improving pregnancy outcomes in thin endometrium.

ObjectiveTo analyze the microbial culture positivity rate， pathogen spectrum， prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms （MDROs）， and differences among donor procurement sources in corneas from the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province， and to provide evidence for eye bank quality control and the prevention of post-keratoplasty infections. MethodsThis retrospective study included 7 442 donor corneas procured by the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province and used for keratoplasty at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center， Sun Yat-sen University， between 2018 and 2025. During surgery， donor corneoscleral rim tissue was excised for bacterial and fungal culture. Culture-positive specimens underwent microbial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing （AST）. Culture-positive corneas were compared across study years， pathogen categories， and donor procurement sources. ResultsOf the 7 442 donor corneas， 251 were culture-positive， corresponding to an overall culture positivity rate of 3.37%， with annual rates ranging from 1.50% to 5.31%. Among culture-positive corneas， 178 （70.92%） yielded bacteria alone， 72 （28.68%） yielded fungi alone， and 1 （0.40%） yielded both bacteria and fungi. Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. were the predominant fungal isolates. Gram-negative bacteria were more frequently isolated than Gram-positive bacteria. The most common bacterial isolates were Acinetobacter baumannii， Staphylococcus epidermidis， Stenotrophomonas maltophilia， Enterococcus faecium， and Pseudomonas fluorescens. MDROs accounted for 75.47% of bacterial isolates， predominantly Acinetobacter baumannii， Staphylococcus epidermidis， and Enterococcus faecium， and demonstrated an increasing trend over the study period. Donor corneas procured through the Hospital Cornea Retrieval Program （HCRP） had a higher culture positivity rate than those obtained through Organ Procurement Organization （OPO） （P＜0.000 1）. Among culture-positive donor corneas， the proportion of fungal culture-positive corneas was significantly higher in the HCRP group than in the OPO group （P=0.001 5）， whereas the proportion of MDROs among bacterial culture-positive corneas was significantly higher in the OPO group than that in the HCRP group （P=0.005 2）. ConclusionsThe overall culture positivity rate of donor corneas from the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province is relatively low， indicating that the risk of microbial contamination is controlled. However， pathogen profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns varies by procurement source. Ongoing microbiological and antimicrobial resistance surveillance， together with optimized donor risk assessment and timely reporting of culture results， may further improve eye bank quality management and help inform strategies for preventing post-keratoplasty infections.

ObjectiveTo analyze the microbial culture positivity rate， pathogen spectrum， prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms （MDROs）， and differences among donor procurement sources in corneas from the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province， and to provide evidence for eye bank quality control and the prevention of post-keratoplasty infections. MethodsThis retrospective study included 7 442 donor corneas procured by the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province and used for keratoplasty at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center， Sun Yat-sen University， between 2018 and 2025. During surgery， donor corneoscleral rim tissue was excised for bacterial and fungal culture. Culture-positive specimens underwent microbial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing （AST）. Culture-positive corneas were compared across study years， pathogen categories， and donor procurement sources. ResultsOf the 7 442 donor corneas， 251 were culture-positive， corresponding to an overall culture positivity rate of 3.37%， with annual rates ranging from 1.50% to 5.31%. Among culture-positive corneas， 178 （70.92%） yielded bacteria alone， 72 （28.68%） yielded fungi alone， and 1 （0.40%） yielded both bacteria and fungi. Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. were the predominant fungal isolates. Gram-negative bacteria were more frequently isolated than Gram-positive bacteria. The most common bacterial isolates were Acinetobacter baumannii， Staphylococcus epidermidis， Stenotrophomonas maltophilia， Enterococcus faecium， and Pseudomonas fluorescens. MDROs accounted for 75.47% of bacterial isolates， predominantly Acinetobacter baumannii， Staphylococcus epidermidis， and Enterococcus faecium， and demonstrated an increasing trend over the study period. Donor corneas procured through the Hospital Cornea Retrieval Program （HCRP） had a higher culture positivity rate than those obtained through Organ Procurement Organization （OPO） （P＜0.000 1）. Among culture-positive donor corneas， the proportion of fungal culture-positive corneas was significantly higher in the HCRP group than in the OPO group （P=0.001 5）， whereas the proportion of MDROs among bacterial culture-positive corneas was significantly higher in the OPO group than that in the HCRP group （P=0.005 2）. ConclusionsThe overall culture positivity rate of donor corneas from the Eye Bank of Guangdong Province is relatively low， indicating that the risk of microbial contamination is controlled. However， pathogen profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns varies by procurement source. Ongoing microbiological and antimicrobial resistance surveillance， together with optimized donor risk assessment and timely reporting of culture results， may further improve eye bank quality management and help inform strategies for preventing post-keratoplasty infections.

Objective : To explore the differences in oxidative stress levels between patients with and without non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI) behavior in depressive disorders, and their correlation with depressive symptoms, disease duration, and self-injury frequency. Methods : A total of 95 subjects were included in the study, including 65 patients with depression(patient group). They were divided into NSSI subgroup(31 cases) and Non-NSSI subgroup(34 cases) based on whether they had NSSI. 30 healthy control group cases(HC). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione peroxidase(GPX), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein(OxLDL) in the peripheral blood of the subjects. The Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD-17) was used to assess the patient′s condition, and the Ottawa self-injury inventory(OSI) was used to quantitatively evaluate the self-injury frequency of NSSI group patients. Results : The levels of SOD, CAT,MDA,GPX and OxLDL in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The levels of SOD, CAT, MDA,GPX and OxLDL in the NSSI subgroup were significantly higher than those in the Non-NSSI subgroup and the control group(P<0.05).The duration of the NSSI subgroup was positively correlated with the levels of SOD,CAT,and MDA(r=0.504,P=0.004; r=0.568,P=0.001; r=0.404,P=0.024),and the HAMD-17 score was positively correlated with the levels of SOD,CAT,and MDA(r=0.573,P=0.001; r=0.577,P=0.001; r=0.477,P=0.007). The frequency of self-injury was positively correlated with the levels of SOD and MDA(r=0.558,P=0.001; r=0.494,P=0.005). Conclusion The OS level of patients with depression is significantly higher than that of the healthy population,and among them,patients with depression accompanied by NSSI have a more significant increase in oxidative stress level. Elevated levels of OS may affect the severity,duration,and frequency of self-injurious behavior in patients with depression accompanied by NSSI.

Objective Develop a general patient-reported outcome(PRO)measure for cancer patients,which will be suitable for Chinese demographic characteristics.It can reflect disease burden from patients' perspective.Methods Theoretical framework of the PRO measure was constructed according to the PRO guide draft.The initial version of the PRO measure was formed after literature search,experts' consultation,and recognition tests of patients.The pre-survey and formal survey were conducted respectively in provincial,municipal,county level hospitals.Items were screened by the combination of classical test theory and item response theory.Its reliability,validity and feasibility were analyzed.The minimal detectable change of three domains were estimated using a distribution-based methods.Results A total of 2213 valid questionnaires were collected.The demographic data of cancer patients and non-cancer patients were comparable(P＞0.05).19 items were deleted after classical test theory.Item responsiveness of four disease systems were analyzed by the Bayesian item response theory.Four items were deleted.The formal PRO measure included 4 domains,13 dimensions and 49 items.And its reliability,validity and feasibility results met the expected criteria.The minimal detectable change in physiological,psychological and social domains were 5.63,3.42 and 4.16,respectively.Conclusion The general PRO measure for cancer patients was reliable and feasible.The tool can effectively measure and evaluate the quality of life for cancer patients.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of facial and tongue chromaticity parameters in patients with gastrointestinal tumors by setting the inspection image characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal tumors as the main research content;To establish an auxiliary diagnostic model for gastrointestinal tumors.Methods One-way ANOVA,t-test,Mann-whitney U test,canonical correlation analysis and Spearman statistical methods were used to analyze the characteristics of inspection image indexes and correlation of tumor markers of the 391 cases in the control group and 359 patients with gastrointestinal tumors.Machine learning methods such as SVM,Random Forest,KNN,Naive Bayes,XG Boost and Ada Boost were used to establish an auxiliary diagnostic model for gastrointestinal tumors.Results In terms of facial indicators,there were differences in F-R,F-G and F-B indicators among the control group,early-stage gastrointestinal cancer patients,and mid-to late-stage gastrointestinal cancer patients,in the comparison of tongue features among,TC-L,TB-L and TB-a of the control group,patients with early gastrointestinal tumors,and patients with intermediate and advanced gastrointestinal tumors showed a gradual downward trend;the AUC of the auxiliary diagnosis model of gastrointestinal tumor disease based on the chromaticity parameters of face tongue image constructed by Ada Boost algorithm was 0.930.Conclusion The auxiliary diagnostic model of gastrointestinal diseases constructed by facial and tongue images has good diagnostic effect,which can provide objective data support for in-depth exploration of the complex relationship between diagnosis and disease.

The advent of an aging society means that bone-related diseases impose a substantial burden on the general population and on healthcare systems,highlighting the need to find new treatment method.The occurrence and progression of such diseases are closely linked to inflammatory responses.Moxibustion,as a traditional external treatment in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),is well-known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects,and it has also demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy for bone-related diseases.Here we review the impact of moxibustion on inflammatory responses associated with bone-related conditions.The anti-inflammatory mechanism of moxibustion in treating bone-related diseases involves mediating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors and related mediators,and regulating signaling pathways(e.g.,nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB),Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1),adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/UNC-51 like autophagy activating kinase(ULK1)),the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,the activation of immune cells,and autophagy.Despite these findings however,the anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlying moxibustion treatment for bone-related diseases remain poorly understood.Further research utilizing advanced technologies is needed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms involved in moxibustion therapy.This approach aims to facilitate better clinical applications and contribute to safeguarding human bone health.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of serum cystatin SA(Cystatin SA)and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage activated RNA(PANDAR)in patients with type 2 dia-betic kidney disease(T2DN).Method A total of 142 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)admitted to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Suzhou Jiulong Hospital from February 2021 to October 2023 were selected.According to whether they had nephropathy,they were divided into T2DN group(n=82)and non-T2DN group(n=60).60 healthy people who underwent physical examination during the same period were used as the control group.Serum Cystatin SA levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Serum lncRNA PANDAR level was detected by real-time fluorescence quanti-tative PCR.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum Cystatin SA,lncRNA PANDAR and clinical parameters in T2DN patients.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of T2 DN.The re-ceiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the value of serum Cystatin SA and lncRNA PANDAR in the evaluation of T2DN.Results Serum Cystatin SA(236.28±44.63 ng/L)and serum lncRNA PANDAR(3.21±0.34)in the T2DM group were higher than those in the control group(91.25±22.33 ng/L,1.06±0.23),and the differences were statistically significant(t=23.127,42.379,all P<0.001).Serum Cystatin SA(275.08±46.83 ng/L)and lncRNA PANDAR(3.64±0.38)in T2DN group were higher than those in non-T2DN group(183.25±40.88 ng/L,2.62±0.30),and the differences were statistically significant(t=12.169,17.226,all P<0.001).Serum Cystatin SA and lncRNA PANDAR in T2DN patients were positively correlat-ed with diabetes duration,serum creatinine(sCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and UACR(r=0.562～0.750,all P<0.001),and neg-atively correlated with eGFR(r=-0.656,-0.634,all P<0.001).Serum Cystatin SA,lncRNA PANDAR,duration of diabetes,UACR,sCr were risk factors for T2DN,eGFR was a protective factor(Wald χ2=4.257～12.360,all P<0.001).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum Cystatin SA combined with lncRNA PANDAR in predicting T2DN was 0.920(0.899～0.960),which was greater than that of single index[0.847(0.791～0.887),0.851(0.803～0.896)],and the differences were statistically significant(Z=4.522,4.319,all P<0.05).Conclusion Serum Cystatin SA and lncRNA PANDAR are elevated in patients with T2DN,which are related to renal function indexes and are risk factors affecting the occurrence of T2DN.The combination of the two can effec-tively evaluate the occurrence of T2DN.

Objective Develop a general patient-reported outcome(PRO)measure for cancer patients,which will be suitable for Chinese demographic characteristics.It can reflect disease burden from patients' perspective.Methods Theoretical framework of the PRO measure was constructed according to the PRO guide draft.The initial version of the PRO measure was formed after literature search,experts' consultation,and recognition tests of patients.The pre-survey and formal survey were conducted respectively in provincial,municipal,county level hospitals.Items were screened by the combination of classical test theory and item response theory.Its reliability,validity and feasibility were analyzed.The minimal detectable change of three domains were estimated using a distribution-based methods.Results A total of 2213 valid questionnaires were collected.The demographic data of cancer patients and non-cancer patients were comparable(P＞0.05).19 items were deleted after classical test theory.Item responsiveness of four disease systems were analyzed by the Bayesian item response theory.Four items were deleted.The formal PRO measure included 4 domains,13 dimensions and 49 items.And its reliability,validity and feasibility results met the expected criteria.The minimal detectable change in physiological,psychological and social domains were 5.63,3.42 and 4.16,respectively.Conclusion The general PRO measure for cancer patients was reliable and feasible.The tool can effectively measure and evaluate the quality of life for cancer patients.