BACKGROUND:Currently,there have been studies on three-dimensional digitalization and visualization systems for adult acupoints,but there are not many reports on the visualization of pediatric acupoints based on real pediatric digital sectional anatomical datasets. OBJECTIVE:To design and develop a digital three-dimensional visualization system for children's neck acupoints,to provide a basis for acupuncture and moxibustion,meridian and acupoint science teaching,clinical practice,acupuncture manipulation practice,and acupuncture safety research,and to provide a basis for the development of children's acupoint simulation system. METHODS:Based on a real cross-sectional anatomical dataset of pre-school boys,a three-dimensional digital virtual anatomical model of the neck region of children and internal multi-organ three-dimensional reconstruction were completed using PhotoShop 2021 and Digihuman Reconstruction System software.A database of 11 acupoints was compiled,including Fengfu and Fengchi,using the Unity database language.A three-dimensional model of children's neck anatomy,acupoint database,and writing acupuncture operation codes were integrated in Unity3D software.A three-dimensional digital visualization system for children's neck acupoints was successfully created,which integrated simulation acupoint positioning,three-dimensional acupoint anatomy,acupuncture training,clinical teaching,and acupuncture safety research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)This study was based on real child specimens.Manual layer by layer segmentation of cross-sectional images was used to ensure the accuracy of the three-dimensional model to the greatest extent possible.The 3D software Digihuman Reconstruction System was utilized to extract and save independent segmentation data.PhotoShop 2021 software was collaborated with to complete dozens of three-dimensional reconstruction anatomical models of the outer skin of the neck and its internal bone structure,cervical spinal cord,blood vessels and nerves,muscles,and ligaments in children.The basic morphology and overall contour integrity verification of each independent structure were completed in MeshLab software.The 3-material research 13.0 software was applied for final fine tuning and anatomical position confirmation,successfully simulating and restoring the true anatomical morphology of the neck of preschool children.(2)Based on and referring to the national standards of the People's Republic of China,a database of commonly used acupoints in children's neck region was collected and organized,including their names,meridians,positioning,local anatomy,needle insertion levels,acupuncture methods,acupuncture accidents and prevention,acupoint indications,and two-dimensional anatomical sectional images.(3)Unity3D software was employed to integrate the three-dimensional model of children's neck,acupuncture simulation operation,and acupoint database,and a three-dimensional digital children's neck acupoint acupuncture visualization system was successfully constructed.The system displayed information on children's neck acupoints,two-dimensional and three-dimensional anatomical structures,and achieved two-dimensional and three-dimensional acupuncture simulation functions and acupuncture safety research functions for children's neck acupoints.Based on the ultra-thin sectional anatomical dataset of real child specimens,the first three-dimensional digital and visualization system for acupoints in the neck region of children had been constructed.Compared with previous acupoint acupuncture systems,it is more in line with the anatomical and morphological development characteristics of Asian children and has high application value in the fields of acupuncture safety research,clinical teaching,and acupuncture simulation training.

Humans ; Aged ; Lung Diseases ; Pneumonia/drug therapy* ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy* ; Administration, Inhalation ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy*

Objective:To explore the association between thyroid function and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in adults who received health checkup in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January to December in 2021. Clinical data were collected, including age, gender, height, weight, blood pressure, etc. And blood glucose, blood lipid, blood creatinine, blood uric acid, routine urine function, thyroid function (free triiodine, free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone) were measured. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate the correlation between thyroid function indicators and the onset of CKD; and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to explore the ability of thyroid function indicators in evaluating CKD.Results:In the study, 46 342 adults with an average age of (47.6±14.3) years were enrolled, of which 56.2% were males. The prevalence of DeGFR (eGFR<60 ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1), proteinuria and CKD was 1.15%, 0.53% and 1.58%, respectively. The TSH subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of DeGFR, albuminuria and CKD in the hypothyroidism group was significantly increased to 1.07%, 2.36% and 3.20%, respectively (all P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that FT3 was negatively associated with CKD ( OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.54-0.74), however FT4 ( OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07) and TSH ( OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) were positively correlated with CKD. Similar results were obtained in the subgroup without hypertension and diabetes ( P<0.05). The ROC analysis indicated that FT3 had a better capability for evaluating CKD than FT4 and TSH, with an area under the curve of 0.63, a cut-off value of 4.18 pmol/L, and a sensitivity and specificity of 57.5% and 62.6%, respectively. Conclusions:Thyroid function status is closely associated with the onset of CKD in the adult population receiving health check-up. FT3 is a risk factor for the onset of CKD.

Objective:To investigate the correlation among physical activity,mild depressive symptoms and frontal alpha power asymmetry in college students.Methods:Seventy college students with mild depressive symp-toms who conformed to the standard of the Self-Rating Scale for Depression(SDS)of 53-62 and 70 normal col-lege students were recruited.The frontal alpha power was measured under quiet and closed-eye state,and the total physical activity(PA)was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.Results:The college students with mild depressive symptoms had lower Total PA scores,right frontal alpha power and frontal alpha a-symmetry(FAA)than the normal controls(P＜0.001).In college students with mild depressive symptoms,the to-tal PA scores(r=-0.29,P＜0.05)and FAA(r=-0.41,P＜0.001)were negatively correlated with SDS scores,and the total PA scores were positively correlated with FAA(r=0.34,P＜0.01).Conclusion:The college students with mild depressive symptoms may have reduced physical activity and asymmetric right lateralization of frontal alpha power.There is a correlation among depressive symptoms,physical activity and frontal alpha power a-symmetry in college students with mild depressive symptoms.

Objective: To understand the prevalence and associated factors of functional constipation(FC) among primary and middle school students in Shaanxi Province, in order to provide a basis for preventing FC in students. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 9 133 primary and middle school students aged 10-18 in eight primary and secondary schools in Shaanxi Province from March to September,2017. Chi square test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the associated factors of FC among primary and middle school students in Shaanxi Province. Results: There were a total of 364 students meeting the FC Rome IV diagnostic criteria, with a prevalence rate of 3.99%. Among them, there were 155 male students with a prevalence rate of 3.43%, and 209 female students with a prevalence rate of 4.53%. Univariate analysis showed that gender, breastfeeding, separation from parents, long term school meals, types of staple foods, breakfast frequency, cold foods eating frequency, spicy foods eating frequency, fried food eating frequency, pickled food eating frequency, desserts eating frequency, vegetables eating frequency were related to FC, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=7.30,18.75, 20.89,35.54,22.43,16.05,21.31,13.97,10.33,23.96,16.25,17.74, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female, non breastfeeding, separation from parents, long term school meals, low consumption of staple food/staple food dominated by rice, and never eating vegetables were positively correlated with FC( OR =1.37,1.96,1.52,2.07,1.76,1.58,2.31, P < 0.05 ). Conclusions The prevalence of functional constipation is higher in primary and middle school students. Attention should be paid to factors related to students dietary habits and food classification to prevent the occurrence of FC in primary and middle school students.

Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Acetylglucosamine ; Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of dynamic detection of lymphocyte subsets and blood cell counts in management of patients with lupus nephritis (LN).Methods:The clinical data of 65 patients with primary LN admitted in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2015 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the stage of disease progression and medications used,LN patients were classified into primary active phase,post-induction therapy phase,and maintenance therapy phase. The changes in lymphocyte subsets were monitored,and the relationship of lymphocyte subsets and blood cell count ratios with lupus activity and infection events was evaluated.Results:The decrease of CD4 +T lymphocyte and NK cell counts were negatively correlated with the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)( r=-0.67,-0.33, P<0.01),while CD8 +T lymphocyte,B cell counts,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR),platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR),and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were positively correlated with the SLE activity( r=0.38,0.26,0.34,0.26,0.29, P<0.05). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of CD4 +T lymphocyte count in predicting the occurrence of infection in LN patients was the highest (0.89); taking 247.50 cell/μl as cutoff value,the sensitivity and specificity were 81.25% and 87.50%,respectively. The combination of CD4 +T lymphocyte with CRP increased the predicting value for the occurrence of infection. Conclusion:Dynamic detection of blood lymphocyte subsets and blood cell counts can reflect SLE activity and the occurrence of infection in LN patients. Among these indicators the CD4 +T lymphocyte has the highest predictive value for the occurrence of infection,and the combination of the CD4 +T lymphocyte count with CRP level can further improve the predicting value.

Objective:To explore the clinical charateristics and prognostic factors of patients with primary systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).Methods:The clinicopathological data of 31 patients with newly treated primary systemic ALCL in Liaoning Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to make survival analysis and log-rank test was performed. Multivariate analysis of factors influencing overall survival (OS) was performed by using Cox proportional hazards model.Results:Among 31 patients, there were 19 males and 12 females, with a median age of 47 years old, ranging from 16 to 74 years old. There were 18 (58.1%) patients with B symptoms, 16 (51.6%) patients with increased platelet count, 22 (71.0%) patients with Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Until the end of follow-up, 22 cases survived and 9 cases died; the 5-year OS rate was 70.9%, and the median OS time was not reached. The 5-year OS rate of patients receiving CHOPE chemotherapy regimen was higher than that of patients receiving CHOP and other chemotherapy regimens, and the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.049). There were statistically significant differences in the 5-year OS rates of patients with different platelet count, international prognostic index (IPI) score, chemotherapy regimens and with or without B symptoms (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that IPI score was an independent factor affecting OS ( HR = 2.194, 95% CI 1.078-4.465, P = 0.030). Conclusions:Most primary systemic ALCL patients are diagnosed at advanced stage and it is more common in males. Most patients have B symptoms and high platelet count. IPI score is an important prognostic factor, and CHOPE regimen may be a good choice of the first-line chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the si tuation and hot spots of gabapentinoid drugs in the treatment of pain. METHODS Related researches about gabapentinoid drugs in the treatment of pain were retrieved from Web of Science core collection database during Jan. 1st，2011-Dec. 31st，2020. VOSviewer 1.6.17，CiteSpace 5.8.R1 and Excel 2018 software were used to statistically analyze the key characteristics of relevant literature ，such as the annual publications ，countries/regions，institutions，authors， journals and research hot spots. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 3 519 literatures were retrieved ，and the annual publication outputs showed an upward trend generally. Totally 86 countries/regions had conducted relevant studies ，of which the United States ranked first （up to 1 219），and had close cooperation with the United Kingdom ，Canada，China，Germany，Japan， etc；a total of 3 996 institutions had published relevant literatures ，and the Pfizer Inc. issued the most publications ；the most studies were devoted by Professor Parsons from the University of California San Diego ，and the highest co-citations author was Professor Gilron from the Queen ’s University. Among 1 185 journals，Pain ranked first not only in the high-productive journal ，but also in the co-cited journal. The main hot topics include abuse and misuse of gabapentinoid ，off-label use of gabapentinoid ，clinical application of gabapentinoid as a component of multimodal analgesia ，and the update of guidelines for pain based on systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription in the improvement of ovarian function in polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. MethodSeventy female SD rats in SPF grade were randomly divided into 6 groups， 15 in the blank group and 15 in the model group， 10 in the metformin group （0.1 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and 10 in the low （1.275 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， medium （2.55 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and high-dose （5.10 g·kg^-1·d^-1） Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription groups. The blank group was given normal saline （10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1） by gavage and ordinary feed， and the other groups were given letrozole （1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） by gavage combined with high-fat feed for 21 days to induce the model of PCOS. After modeling， the blank group and model group were given equal volume normal saline by gavage， and each drug group was given the corresponding dose of the drug by gavage for 30 days. The changes in body mass and fasting blood glucose （FPG） of rats before and after modeling were compared. Hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological change in the ovaries of rats in each group. The serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， testosterone （T）， anti-Mullerian hormone （AMH）， and estradiol （E₂） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the LH/FSH ratio was calculated. Immunohistochemical staining （IHC） and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of nucleoside binding oligomerization domain protein like receptor 3 （NALP3）， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein （ASC）， cysteine protease-1 （Caspase-1）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the rat ovaries. ResultAs compared with the blank group， large follicles with polycystic expansion were found in the ovaries of the model group， no dominant follicles were found， the granular layer of follicles decreased and arranged loosely， and the number of corpus luteum decreased significantly. Serum T， LH， AMH and LH/FSH increased in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while FSH and E₂ decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The relative protein expression levels of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-18， and IL-6 increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the ovaries of the model group. Compared with the model group， the low， medium， and high-dose Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription groups and the metformin group showed growing follicles and corpus luteum at all levels， the number of cystic expanding follicles decreased， the thickness of follicular granular layer increased， the number of follicular fluid increased， mature follicles were visible， and the local morphology of oocytes was complete. Serum T， LH， AMH， and LH/FSH in these groups decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while E₂ and FSH increased （P<0.05）. The relative protein expressions of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-1β， IL-18， and IL-6 in the ovaries of these groups decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. There was no significant difference among the treatment groups. ConclusionBy inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome， Jianpi Yishen Huazhuo prescription reduces the release of NALP3， ASC， Caspase-1， NF-κB， IL-18， IL-1β， and IL-6 inflammatory factors in ovarian tissues， regulates endocrine level， and effectively reduces PCOS inflammatory statu， so as to play a role in improving ovarian function.