ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the herb pair Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus on oxidative stress-induced blood-testis barrier dysfunction and spermatogenesis in the rat model of oligoasthenozoospermia （OAS） and decipher the mechanism based on the silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway. MethodsThirty-five male SD rats were randomized into a blank group （n=7） and a modeling group （n=28）. The OAS model was established by gavage of hydrocortisone aqueous solution combined with single factor electrical stimulation. The modeled rats were randomly assigned into the following groups： model， Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus granules （3.2 g·kg^-1）， Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus total flavonoids （0.34 g·kg^-1）， and L-carnitine （0.38 g·kg^-1）， and treated for 4 weeks. The sperm quality of rats was assessed by an automatic sperm analyzer. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MAD）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in the testicular tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to reveal the pathological changes in the testicular tissue and score the spermatogenic function. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe the ultrastructural changes of Sertoli cells. Western blot and Real-time PCR were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels， respectively， of SIRT1， Nrf2， Occludin， zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1）， connexin 43 （CX43）， and β-catenin. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed decreased total sperm count and motility （P<0.05， P<0.01）， obvious damage in the testicular tissue and blood-testis barrier structure， reduced score of spermatogenic function （P<0.01）， declined levels of GSH-Px and SOD in the testicular tissue （P<0.05）， elevated level of MDA， and down-regulated protein levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， ZO-1， CX43， β-catenin， and occludin （P<0.05， P<0.01） and mRNA levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， ZO-1， CX43， and β-catenin in the testicular tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After treatment， the testicular tissue， blood-testis barrier structure， and score of spermatogenic function （P<0.01） were improved in the Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus granules group， Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus total flavonoids group， and L-carnitine group. Compared with the model group， the treatment groups presented lowered levels of GSH-Px and SOD （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus granule group showed a decline in MDA level. The protein and mRNA levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， ZO-1， CX43， β-catenin， and occludin were up-regulated in the Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus granules group and total flavonoids group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe herb pair Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus can regulate the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway to inhibit oxidative stress and alleviate the blood-testis barrier damage， thereby improving the spermatogenic function in the rat model of OAS. Total flavonoids may be the material basis for the therapeutic effect of Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the herb pair Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus on oxidative stress-induced blood-testis barrier dysfunction and spermatogenesis in the rat model of oligoasthenozoospermia （OAS） and decipher the mechanism based on the silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway. MethodsThirty-five male SD rats were randomized into a blank group （n=7） and a modeling group （n=28）. The OAS model was established by gavage of hydrocortisone aqueous solution combined with single factor electrical stimulation. The modeled rats were randomly assigned into the following groups： model， Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus granules （3.2 g·kg^-1）， Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus total flavonoids （0.34 g·kg^-1）， and L-carnitine （0.38 g·kg^-1）， and treated for 4 weeks. The sperm quality of rats was assessed by an automatic sperm analyzer. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MAD）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in the testicular tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to reveal the pathological changes in the testicular tissue and score the spermatogenic function. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe the ultrastructural changes of Sertoli cells. Western blot and Real-time PCR were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels， respectively， of SIRT1， Nrf2， Occludin， zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1）， connexin 43 （CX43）， and β-catenin. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed decreased total sperm count and motility （P<0.05， P<0.01）， obvious damage in the testicular tissue and blood-testis barrier structure， reduced score of spermatogenic function （P<0.01）， declined levels of GSH-Px and SOD in the testicular tissue （P<0.05）， elevated level of MDA， and down-regulated protein levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， ZO-1， CX43， β-catenin， and occludin （P<0.05， P<0.01） and mRNA levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， ZO-1， CX43， and β-catenin in the testicular tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After treatment， the testicular tissue， blood-testis barrier structure， and score of spermatogenic function （P<0.01） were improved in the Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus granules group， Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus total flavonoids group， and L-carnitine group. Compared with the model group， the treatment groups presented lowered levels of GSH-Px and SOD （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus granule group showed a decline in MDA level. The protein and mRNA levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， ZO-1， CX43， β-catenin， and occludin were up-regulated in the Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus granules group and total flavonoids group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe herb pair Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus can regulate the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway to inhibit oxidative stress and alleviate the blood-testis barrier damage， thereby improving the spermatogenic function in the rat model of OAS. Total flavonoids may be the material basis for the therapeutic effect of Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus.

Vitiligo is a depigmentation skin disease caused by the progressive destruction of autologous epidermal melano-cytes.However,the mechanism of melanocyte dysfunction and death is unclear.It is worth noting that most melanocyte deaths in patients with vitiligo are directly caused by autoimmune response.There are many immune related cell molecules in the body,such as CD8+T cells,IFN-γ and inflammatory cytokines all play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.To clarify the effects of body immunity,cytokines and autoantibodies on the normal function of melanocyte and their role in the condition of vitiligo can provide a basis for finding the treatment of vitiligo.

Antibody-based therapies are one of the crucial tumor-targeted therapies,enabling pre-cise elimination of tumor cells by specifically binding to antigens on the tumor cell surface.However,their wide applications in solid tumor therapy are often limited by on-target toxicity.Recent advance-ments in antibody engineering have led to the development of novel tumor-targeted masking antibod-ies,which are specifically designed to address these limitations.Masking antibodies typically consist of an antibody domain,a masking domain and a linker.These antibodies are characterized by selective activation and other functional properties.Currently,various masking antibody technologies with distinct characteristics have been developed and have demonstrated favorable safety profiles in animal studies.This review summarizes the structure and characteristics of tumor-targeted masking antibodies outlines common masking technologies and their drug development in order to offer new lines of thought for the design and development of next-generation tumor-targeted therapeutics.

Melanocyte death is the most notable feature of vitiligo, and ferroptosis is a unique pattern of programmed cell death, characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lethal lipid reactive oxygen species. Recent studies have found that ferroptosis is involved in the damage to melanocytes in the development of vitiligo. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms of ferroptosis in vitiligo and related therapeutic agents, aiming to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo, potential therapeutic targets, and associated targeted therapies.

Objective This study aims to explore the application effectiveness of the PDCA cycle method in preventing and reducing internal errors in the intravenous drug dispensing center(PIVAS).Methods Internal error data from our hospital's PIVAS in 2020 and 2021 were collected.The data from 2020 represented the pre-implementation of the PDCA cycle,while the data from 2021 represented the post-implementation period.The changes in internal errors and error rates before and after imple-mentation were compared.Results After implementing the PDCA cycle management measures,the annual error rate decreased from 0.887％o in 2020 to 0.681‰ in 2021,a decrease of 23.22％.Conclusion The PDCA cycle method can effectively reduce the occurrence of internal errors,improve work accuracy,and ensure the safety of clinical drug use in PIVAS.

Melanocyte death is the most notable feature of vitiligo, and ferroptosis is a unique pattern of programmed cell death, characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lethal lipid reactive oxygen species. Recent studies have found that ferroptosis is involved in the damage to melanocytes in the development of vitiligo. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms of ferroptosis in vitiligo and related therapeutic agents, aiming to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo, potential therapeutic targets, and associated targeted therapies.

Vitiligo is a depigmentation skin disease caused by the progressive destruction of autologous epidermal melano-cytes.However,the mechanism of melanocyte dysfunction and death is unclear.It is worth noting that most melanocyte deaths in patients with vitiligo are directly caused by autoimmune response.There are many immune related cell molecules in the body,such as CD8+T cells,IFN-γ and inflammatory cytokines all play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.To clarify the effects of body immunity,cytokines and autoantibodies on the normal function of melanocyte and their role in the condition of vitiligo can provide a basis for finding the treatment of vitiligo.

Antibody-based therapies are one of the crucial tumor-targeted therapies,enabling pre-cise elimination of tumor cells by specifically binding to antigens on the tumor cell surface.However,their wide applications in solid tumor therapy are often limited by on-target toxicity.Recent advance-ments in antibody engineering have led to the development of novel tumor-targeted masking antibod-ies,which are specifically designed to address these limitations.Masking antibodies typically consist of an antibody domain,a masking domain and a linker.These antibodies are characterized by selective activation and other functional properties.Currently,various masking antibody technologies with distinct characteristics have been developed and have demonstrated favorable safety profiles in animal studies.This review summarizes the structure and characteristics of tumor-targeted masking antibodies outlines common masking technologies and their drug development in order to offer new lines of thought for the design and development of next-generation tumor-targeted therapeutics.

Objective This study aims to explore the application effectiveness of the PDCA cycle method in preventing and reducing internal errors in the intravenous drug dispensing center(PIVAS).Methods Internal error data from our hospital's PIVAS in 2020 and 2021 were collected.The data from 2020 represented the pre-implementation of the PDCA cycle,while the data from 2021 represented the post-implementation period.The changes in internal errors and error rates before and after imple-mentation were compared.Results After implementing the PDCA cycle management measures,the annual error rate decreased from 0.887％o in 2020 to 0.681‰ in 2021,a decrease of 23.22％.Conclusion The PDCA cycle method can effectively reduce the occurrence of internal errors,improve work accuracy,and ensure the safety of clinical drug use in PIVAS.