The diagnostic value of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)complex and rifampicin resistance test kits(fluorescence PCR method)in detecting for MTB complex and rifampicin resistancein sputum samples was evaluated.A total of 271 patients with suspected tuberculosis were prospectively and consecutively enrolled at Hunan Chest Hospital between April 1,2024,and November 30,2024.Of these,229 patients were confirmed to have tuberculosis,whereas 42 patients were not-tuberculosis samples were col-lected from all patients and subjected to fluorescence PCR,Xpert MTB/RIF(abbreviated as Xpert),and MGIT 960 culture and drug sensitivity testing.Clinical diagnosis and MTB culture results served as reference standards for TB diagnosis,whereas phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and Xpert served as reference standards to for assessment of rifampicin resistance.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of the fluorescence PCR method were analyzed.Kappa tests were performed to analyze the concordance between detection techniques.With clinical diagnosis as the gold standard,the sensitivity and specificity of the fluorescence PCR method for the diagnosis of TB were 65.1%(149/229)and 97.6%(41/42),and the consistency test for the fluo-rescence PCR and Xpert methods showed high consistency(Kappa value=0.993).With the MGIT 960 liquid culture as the reference standard,the positive detection rate of the fluorescence PCR method for the detection of patients with positive cultures was 91.9%(102/111,95%CI:85.2%-96.2%),and the positive detection rate for 147 patients with sputum culture-negative TB was 27.9%(41/147,95%CI:21.3%-35.6%).With the phenotypic drug sensitivity test as the gold standard,the sensitivity and specificity of the fluo-rescence PCR method for the detection of rifampicin resistance were 100.0%(31/31)and 96.6%(28/29)respectively,and the consis-tency between tests was high(Kappa value=0.967).With Xpert as the gold standard,the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence PCR for the detection of rifampicin resistance were 95.8%(46/48)and 99.0%(99/100),respectively,and the consistency between tests was high(Kappa value=0.953).Finally,samples with rifampicin resistance detected with the fluorescence PCR method had a clear rpoB gene mutation type according to one-generation sequencing.In conclusion,the fluorescence PCR method showed high sen-sitivity in detecting MTB complex groups and rifampicin resistance,and had high concordance with Xpert.Therefore,this technique can serve a rapid test for TB diagnosis to increase the rate of positive TB pathology and detection of rifampicin resistance.This method is particularly suitable for use in lower-income countries and economically disadvantaged grassroots communities.

The diagnostic value of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)complex and rifampicin resistance test kits(fluorescence PCR method)in detecting for MTB complex and rifampicin resistancein sputum samples was evaluated.A total of 271 patients with suspected tuberculosis were prospectively and consecutively enrolled at Hunan Chest Hospital between April 1,2024,and November 30,2024.Of these,229 patients were confirmed to have tuberculosis,whereas 42 patients were not-tuberculosis samples were col-lected from all patients and subjected to fluorescence PCR,Xpert MTB/RIF(abbreviated as Xpert),and MGIT 960 culture and drug sensitivity testing.Clinical diagnosis and MTB culture results served as reference standards for TB diagnosis,whereas phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and Xpert served as reference standards to for assessment of rifampicin resistance.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of the fluorescence PCR method were analyzed.Kappa tests were performed to analyze the concordance between detection techniques.With clinical diagnosis as the gold standard,the sensitivity and specificity of the fluorescence PCR method for the diagnosis of TB were 65.1%(149/229)and 97.6%(41/42),and the consistency test for the fluo-rescence PCR and Xpert methods showed high consistency(Kappa value=0.993).With the MGIT 960 liquid culture as the reference standard,the positive detection rate of the fluorescence PCR method for the detection of patients with positive cultures was 91.9%(102/111,95%CI:85.2%-96.2%),and the positive detection rate for 147 patients with sputum culture-negative TB was 27.9%(41/147,95%CI:21.3%-35.6%).With the phenotypic drug sensitivity test as the gold standard,the sensitivity and specificity of the fluo-rescence PCR method for the detection of rifampicin resistance were 100.0%(31/31)and 96.6%(28/29)respectively,and the consis-tency between tests was high(Kappa value=0.967).With Xpert as the gold standard,the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence PCR for the detection of rifampicin resistance were 95.8%(46/48)and 99.0%(99/100),respectively,and the consistency between tests was high(Kappa value=0.953).Finally,samples with rifampicin resistance detected with the fluorescence PCR method had a clear rpoB gene mutation type according to one-generation sequencing.In conclusion,the fluorescence PCR method showed high sen-sitivity in detecting MTB complex groups and rifampicin resistance,and had high concordance with Xpert.Therefore,this technique can serve a rapid test for TB diagnosis to increase the rate of positive TB pathology and detection of rifampicin resistance.This method is particularly suitable for use in lower-income countries and economically disadvantaged grassroots communities.

【Objective】 To analyze the position of the feeding artery entering the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with 3D Slicer software, so as to explore the distribution pattern of the tumor artery and to provide an anatomical basis for the accurate surgical resection. 【Methods】 The clinical data of RCC patients who underwent partial nephrectomy in the Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University during Jan.2021 and Jun.2022 were collected.The preoperative renal artery CT angiography data were imported into 3D Slicer software in DICOM format to construct the relative positions of tumor-feeding artery from horizontal, sagittal and coronary planes.The number and distribution of tumor feeding arteries in each plane were analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 112 patients (59 male and 53 female) with single tumor were involved.RENAL score was 4-10.The tumor stages were T1a in 58 cases, T1b in 48 cases, and T2a in 6 cases.Among them, 38 cases (33.93%) had 1 tumor artery, 53 cases (47.32%) had 2 tumor arteries, and 21 cases (18.75%) had 3 tumor arteries.Of these 207 tumor arteries, 22 (10.63%) entered the tumor through the superficial part of the tumor bed, and 185 (89.37%) through the deep part. 【Conclusion】 In localized RCC, nearly 90% of the feeding arteries enter the tumor from deep part of the tumor bed, which provides an anatomical basis for accurate tumor resection and wound suture in partial nephrectomy.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between anemia and renal function prognosis in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients.Methods:Patients diagnosed with IgAN by renal biopsy in Shenzhen Second People′s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University) from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who lacked baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), or patients with the baseline eGFR<15 ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1, or patients who lacked baseline hemoglobin data were excluded. Clinical data, laboratory data, pathological data and follow-up data of renal function were collected. Patients were divided into anemic group (hemoglobin level<120 g/L in males and<110 g/L in females) and non-anemic group. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was used to analyze the relationship between anemia at baseline and decreased renal function (eGFR) in follow-up. Results:A total of 821 IgAN patients were enrolled in this study, including 666 non-anemia patients and 155 anemia patients. There were 397 males (48.36%), aged (34.91±9.46) years. The median baseline eGFR was 72.00(15.00, 167.46) ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1, and the median baseline urinary protein quantification was 1.00(0.01, 15.82) g/24 h. The median follow-up time was 176(0, 3 770) days. A total of 2 352 repeated measurements were performed of which 1 268 (53.91%) repeated measurements were from males. Compared with those in non-anemia group, patients in anemia group had lower levels of baseline eGFR, body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin, higher proportion of females, and higher pathologic manifestations of glomerular segmental sclerosis (S1), tubulointerstitial atrophy/fibrosis (T1 and T2), and crescent (C1 and C2) (all P<0.05). Using the single-factor GAMM, the eGFR decreased by 4.778 ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1 (95% CI 2.727-6.830, P<0.001) more per year in the anemia group than that in the non-anemia group. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, blood uric acid, mean arterial pressure, serum albumin, blood cholesterol, 24 h urinary protein, glomerular mesangial cell proliferation (M), capillary cell proliferation (E), glomerular segmental sclerosis (S), tubulointerstitial atrophy/fibrosis (T), and crescent formation (C), each additional year of time, eGFR decreased by 6.817 ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1 (95% CI 4.245-9.388, P<0.001) more in the anemia group than that in the non-anemia group. Conclusions:Anemia is correlated with renal function decline in IgAN patiens. IgAN patients with anemia have accelerated deterioration of progress. Early intervention of anemia might delay renal function progression.

Objective:To investigate effects of the autophagy inducer rapamycin and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine on viral structures and biosynthesis of functional proteins in dorsal root ganglia in a guinea pig model of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection, and to explore their possible mechanisms.Methods:VZV was cultured and proliferated in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELFs) , and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from guinea pigs. VZV-HELFs and PBMCs were co-cultured for 18-20 hours, and VZV-PBMCs were collected by centrifugation. Thirty-two guinea pigs were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups (8 mice in each group) : blank control group was injected with autologous PBMCs via the medial canthal venous plexus; autophagy inhibition group, autophagy induction group, and VZV infection group were intraperitoneally injected with 3 mg/kg 3-methyladenine solution, 0.5 mg/kg rapamycin solution, and the same volume of 0.9% NaCl solution respectively, followed 2 hours later by injections with 50 μl of VZV-PBMCs via the medial canthal venous plexus. Fourteen days later, the guinea pigs in each group were sacrificed, and dorsal root ganglion tissues were collected. The transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of virus particles, as well as the morphology and number of autophagic vesicles, Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of VZV nucleocapsid protein (NCP) , immediate-early protein 62 (IE62) , and autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and p62, and immunohistochemical study to determine the expression of anti-VZV antibodies in VZV-infected dorsal root ganglia. Statistical analysis was carried out by using two-independent-sample t test, one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference- t test or Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results:Nucleocapsid-containing virions and scattered autophagosomes were seen in the dorsal root ganglia in the VZV infection group under the transmission electron microscope. The number of autophagic vesicles significantly differed among the blank control group, VZV infection group, autophagy induction group and autophagy inhibition group ( M[ Q1, Q3]: 0, 5[4, 6], 7[5, 9], 0, respectively; H = 135.60, P < 0.01) , and was significantly higher in the VZV infection group than in the blank control group and autophagy inhibition group (both P < 0.05) , as well as in the autophagy induction group than in the autophagy inhibition group ( P<0.05) , but there was no significant difference between the VZV infection group and autophagy induction group ( P>0.05) . Western blot analysis showed that the expression level of IE62 protein was significantly higher in the VZV infection group (1.49 ± 0.06) than in the blank control group (0.50 ± 0.09, t = 9.17, P < 0.05) ; the expression of anti-VZV antibodies was significantly lower in the autophagy inhibition group than in the autophagy induction group and VZV infection group ( t = 9.24, 7.78, respectively, both P < 0.01) , while there was no significant difference between the autophagy induction group and VZV infection group ( P > 0.05) . Conclusion:Autophagy occurred in the dorsal root ganglia of guinea pigs after VZV infection; the inhibition of autophagy could affect the structure of VZV and decrease the expression of VZV functional proteins in the dorsal root ganglia of guinea pigs.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and renal prognosis in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN).Methods:The clinical data and pathological examination results of IgAN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy at the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen from February 25, 2010 to September 9, 2020 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The patients were divided into anemic group and non-anemic group according to the anemia diagnostic criteria (The hemoglobin levels were<120 g/L and<110 g/L in males and females respectively at sea level area). Endpoint event was defined as a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of>50% from baseline and/or progression to stage 5 chronic kidney disease [eGFR<15 ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1]. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the poor renal prognosis. The relationship between hemoglobin and renal function prognosis was analyzed by smoothing curve fitting and threshold effect. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare and analyze the difference of renal survival rate between the anemic and non-anemic IgAN patients. Results:A total of 1 263 IgAN patients were included in this study, 255(20.19%) patients were in the anemia group and 1 008 (79.81%) patients were in the non-anemia group. The anemia group had lower body mass index, baseline eGFR, serum albumin, and triglyceride than those in the non-anemia group (all P<0.05). The proportion of females, 24 h urinary protein content, and the proportion of renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, segmental sclerosis and crescents in the anemia group were higher than those in the non-anemia group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low hemoglobin was an independent influencing factor for renal endpoint event ( HR=0.25, 95% CI 0.07-0.90, P=0.022). Smoothing curve fitting analysis and threshold effect analysis showed that a curving relationship was detected between hemoglobin and relative risk of renal endpoint event. As hemoglobin increased, there was a protective effect on renal function when hemoglobin level was lower than 147 g/L ( β=0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99, P=0.008). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis suggested that patients with anemia had a lower cumulative renal survival rate than that of patients without anemia (Log-rank test χ2=10.106, P=0.002). Conclusions:Low hemoglobin is an independent influencing factor for poor prognosis of renal function in IgAN patients. Cumulative renal survival rate is lower in IgAN patients with anemia than that of patients without anemia.

Objective: To clarify the relationship between the hemoglobin level and renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T) in the Oxford stage of renal pathology in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients. Methods: Patients diagnosed with IgAN by renal biopsy from January 1^st 2010 to December 31^st 2015 in Shenzhen Second People's Hospital with complete laboratory and imaging data were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into anemic group and non-anemic group. The relationship between hemoglobin level and renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis was determined by logistic regression analysis. The possible curve relationship between hemoglobin and renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis was analyzed by smooth curve fitting analysis. The diagnostic value of hemoglobin for renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis was analyzed by the receiver operating curve (ROC). Results: A total of 630 patients with IgAN were included in this study, 130 patients in the anemia group (20.63%) and 500 patients in the non-anemia group (79.37%). There was no statistically significant difference in age between the two groups, but the difference of the gender was statistically significant (male 35.38% vs 53.80%, χ²=10.740, P<0.001). Compared with the non-anemia group, the anemia group had a higher proportion of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (χ²=62.586, P<0.001), higher 24 h urinary protein quantification (Z=-6.082, P<0.001), and lower eGFR (t=7.126, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increasing hemoglobin level was an independent protective factor for reducing the risk of renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (OR=0.973, 95%CI 0.958-0.987, P<0.001). Smooth curve fitting analysis showed that there was a linear negative correlation between hemoglobin and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis. The ROC curve suggested that the best threshold of hemoglobin was 120.5 g/L when renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis occurred. That was, when hemoglobin was above 120.5 g/L, the severity level of renal tubular atrophy interstitial fibrosis might be reduced. Conclusion The incidence of renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis is higher in IgAN patients with anemia, and hemoglobin>120.5 g/L may reduce the risk of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of new rapid pathological diagnosis technology in biliary biopsy by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods: 7 patients with biliary biopsy by ERCP were selected. In the biliary biopsyoperation, a new type of rapid pathological diagnostic technique is used to perform cytological initial diagnosis of the biopsy tissue. According to the results of rapid pathological diagnosis of biliary biopsy operation, we analyzed the clinical value of new rapid pathological diagnosis technology in the biliary biopsy operation. Results: The new rapid pathological diagnosis technology requires little space and no pollution. The diagnosis takes about 2 to 3 minutes and does not affect the normal biopsy operation. 7 patients with biliary biopsy by ERCP under the assistance of this technique, 5 patients (71.4%) confirmed the requirement of biopsy quality and quantity for the first biopsy with the assistance of this technology and 2 patients (28.6%) met the requirements for biopsy quality and quantity after biopsy again. Conclusions Because of the blindness of biliary biopsy by ERCP, the quality and quantity of biopsy tissue are often not guaranteed. The new rapid pathological diagnosis technology can provide real-time pathological diagnosis during biliary biopsy by ERCP and improve the quality and quantity of biliary biopsy tissue, and the cost of this technology is low, which is suitable for popularization and implementation in hospitals at all levels.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of new rapid pathological diagnosis technology in the examination of cervical lesions in primary medical institution. Methods: In the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, 25 cases of cervical scraping and 22 cases of cervical biopsy were selected.Twenty-five cases of cervical scraping scraped two wipers during operation, the results were compared with conventional pathological techniques and new rapid pathological diagnosis techniques.Twenty-two cases of cervical biopsy used a new rapid pathological diagnosis technique to perform cytological diagnosis of biopsy tissue rolls in biopsy operation.According to the results of rapid pathological diagnosis, the biopsy operation plan was adjusted to analyze the clinical value of the new rapid pathological diagnosis technique in cervical lesions in primary medical institution. Results: The new rapid pathological diagnosis technology required less space and no pollution, and the diagnosis took about 2-3 min, which did not affect the normal inspection operation.Twenty-five cases of cervical scraping were produced with new rapid pathological diagnosis technique, and the quality of cervical scraping produced with conventional pathological technique was consistent, which could satisfy the needs of pathological cytological diagnosis; twenty-two cases of cervical biopsy under the vaginal device were assisted by this technology and it could increase the positive rate of the first biopsy. Conclusion Cervical scraping and cervical biopsy are still the main methods for cervical lesions examination in primary hospitals.The new rapid pathological diagnosis technology can provide the real-time pathological diagnosis of cervical scraping, improve the positive detection rate of the first biopsy of cervical biopsy, and the cost is low, suitable for promotion in primary medical institution.

Objective: To analyze the microvessel density (MVD) and lymph node metastasis in the papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with punctate or sheet calcification. Methods: Fifty PTC patients in the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from May 2015 to October 2017 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. All of the 50 PTC patients were divided into punctate calcification group (38 cases) and sheet calcification group (12 cases) according to the different features of pathological calcification in microscope examination. For the two groups, the central and peripheral zone MVD and the lymph node metastasis of each PTC nodule were compared. Results: For PTC nodules of punctate calcification group, the mean central and peripheral zone MVD were (51±7)/HP and (64±8)/HP, respectively. For those of sheet calcification group, which were (35±5)/HP and (49±6)/HP, respectively. The mean MVD in both central and peripheral zone of PTC nodules of punctate calcification group were significantly higher than those of the sheet calcification group (t values were 10.183 and 12.406, both P < 0.05). The neck Ⅵ area lymph node metastasis rates of the punctate and sheet calcification groups were 42.1% (16/38) and 8.3% (1/12), respectively. The lymph node metastasis rate of the punctate calcification group was significantly higher than that of the sheet calcification group (χ ² = 4.635, P < 0.05). Conclusion PTC nodules with different type of pathological calcification may have different invasion and metastasis, and PTC with punctate calcification is more likely to undergo local metastasis than PTC with sheet calcification.