To address the current issues of data imbalance and scarcity in photoplethysmography (PPG) data for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prediction, this study proposes an improved conditional Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (CWGAN-GP). The algorithm integrated gated recurrent unit (GRU) networks and self-attention mechanisms to construct a generator, aiming to produce high-quality PPG signals. Various data augmentation methods, including the improved CWGAN-GP, were employed to expand the PPG dataset, and multiple classifiers were applied for T2DM prediction analysis. Experimental results showed that the model trained on data generated by the improved CWGAN-GP achieved the optimal prediction performance. The highest accuracy reached 0.895 0, and compared with other data enhancement methods, this approach exhibited significant advantages in terms of precision and F1-score. The generated data notably enhances the accuracy and generalization ability of T2DM prediction models, providing a more reliable technical basis for non-invasive early T2DM screening based on PPG signals.
Photoplethysmography/methods* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis* ; Humans ; Algorithms ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Prediction Algorithms

Objective:To investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RP11-1212A22.4 on the cell viability and invasive ability of esophageal cancer cell lines by targeting miRNA-483-5p (miR-483-5p).Methods:The expression of RP11-1212A22.4 in esophageal cancer tissues was analyzed by using GEPIA online database. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of RP11-1212A22.4 in human esophageal cancer cell lines EC9706, KYSE30, TE-13, Eca109 and normal esophageal epithelial cell line HET-1A. The lowest expression level of EC9706 cell line in RP11-1212A22.4 was divided into RP11-1212A22.4 group (transfected with pcDNA-RP11-1212A22.4 plasmid) and the control group (transfected with pcDNA-NC plasmid). The cell viability of EC9706 cell was analyzed by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method, and the invasion ability of EC9706 cell was detected by using Transwell assay. The targeting relationship between RP11-1212A22.4 and miR-483-5p was verified by using StarBase database prediction and dual luciferase reporter assay. The relative expression level of miR-483-5p of EC9706 cell in two groups was detected by using qRT-PCR. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) proteins in two groups.Results:In GEPIA online database, compared with adjacent tissues, the relative expression level of RP11-1212A22.4 in esophageal cancer tissues was decreased, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The relative expression levels of RP11-1212A22.4 in esophageal cancer cell lines EC9706, KYSE30, TE-13, Eca109 and normal esophageal mucosal epithelial cell line HET-1A were 0.11±0.08, 0.32±0.09, 0.72±0.09, 0.59±0.13 and 0.97±0.12, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 40.42, P < 0.001). The relative expression levels of RP11-1212A22.4 in EC9706 cells of RP11-1212A22.4 group and the control group were 11.9±2.4 and 1.0±0.3, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 8.89, P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the cell viability of EC9706 cell in RP11-1212A22.4 group was decreased (all P < 0.05). The number of invasive cells in RP11-1212A22.4 group was lower than that in the control group (48±12 vs. 106±22, t = 4.63, P < 0.001). StarBase database prediction and dual luciferase reporter assay both showed that RP11-1212A22.4 targeted miR-483-5p. The relative expression level of miR-483-5p in RP11-1212A22.4 group was lower than that in the control group (0.24±0.11 vs. 1.02±0.23, t = 5.98, P = 0.001). Compared with the control group, the expressions of CDK6, MMP-2, CDK4 and MMP-9 proteins in the RP11-1212A22.4 group were decreased. Conclusions:RP11-1212A22.4 is lowly expressed in esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines, and it inhibits the cell viability and invasive ability of esophageal cancer cells by targeting miR-483-5p.

Statistics plays an important role in medical research， and the selection of appropriate statistical methods is crucial for drawing reliable and valuable conclusions. This paper provides a brief introduction to commonly used statistical analysis methods for medical data， covering descriptive analysis， parametric test， nonparametric test， correlation analysis， regression analysis， and analysis of survival data. It focuses on discussing the assumptions of multiple linear regression， logistic regression and Cox proportional risk regression， as well as how to choose the appropriate statistical methods for analyzing and interpreting medical data based on different research objectives and data types.

Clinical research reports serve as the presentation of scientific research findings and directly reflect the quality of the research. This article describes the writing of different types of clinical research reports， such as observational studies and randomized controlled trial studies， with a particular focus on randomized controlled trials. Each scientific research design has its reporting focus， and the writing of scientific research papers has uniform requirements and a specific writing format. Mastering the proper format of drafting research reports is of practical value and significant importance for conduction high-quality clinical research.

Objective: To analyze the global epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality data of RCC in the cooperative database GLOBOCAN 2020 of International Agency for Research on Cancer of WHO and the human development index (HDI) published by the United Nations Development Programme in 2020 were collated. The crude incidence rate (CIR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), crude mortality rate (CMR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and mortality/incidence ratio (M/I) of RCC were calculated. Kruskale-Wallis test was used to analyze the differences in ASIR or ASMR among HDI countries. Results: In 2020, the global ASIR of RCC was 4.6/100 000, of which 6.1/100 000 for males and 3.2/100 000 for females and ASIR was higher in very high and high HDI countries than that in medium and low HDI countries. With the rapid increase of age after the age of 20, the growth rate of ASIR in males was faster than that in females, and slowed down at the age of 70 to 75. The truncation incidence rate of 35-64 years old was 7.5/100 000 and the cumulative incidence risk of 0-74 years old was 0.52%. The global ASMR of RCC was 1.8/100 000, 2.5/100 000 for males and 1.2/100 000 for females. The ASMR of males in very high and high HDI countries (2.4/100 000-3.7/100 000) was about twice that of males (1.1/100 000-1.4/100 000) in medium and low HDI countries, while the ASMR of female (0.6/100 000-1.5/100 000) did not show significant difference. ASMR continued to increase rapidly with age after the age of 40, and the growth rate of males was faster than that of females. The truncation mortality rate of 35-64 years old was 2.1/100 000, and the cumulative mortality risk of 0-74 years old was 0.20%. M/I decreases with the increase of HDI, with M/I as 0.58 in China, which was higher than the global average of 0.39 and the United States' 0.17. Conclusion: The ASIR and ASMR of RCC presented significant regional and gender disparities globally, and the heaviest burden was in very high HDI countries.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Databases, Factual ; China ; Kidney Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Global Health

The continuous development of high-throughput and single-cell sequencing technologies and the emergence of spatial transcriptome sequencing have allowed the continuous discovery of temporal and spatial molecular events in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) to better understand its mechanism of malignant progression. Genetic variations (mutation of APC and P53, etc.) and mismatch repair of DNA, posttranscriptional regulation, such as epigenetic alteration, and dynamic alteration of complex molecular networks have their own special molecules that play key roles. Drug resistance and metastasis in the late stage of CRC progression are closely related to these key molecular events. This article reviews the research progress and explores key molecular events in the malignant progression of CRC to provide scientific basis and ideas for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of CRC and evaluating its prognosis prediction and treatment.

To establish a disease risk prediction model based on genetic susceptibility genes and environmental risk factors， which can target high-risk population as early as possible， and intervene in the environmental risk factors in this population. Moreover， accurate screening of genetically susceptible populations can enhance the efficiency of health system. In recent years， with the maturation and cost reduction of high-throughput gene testing， gene testing has been widely used in individual clinical decision-making and will play a more important role in medical and health decision-making. The correlation between genetic testing and disease risk prediction is increasing， making it a prominent research topic in this field. This review summarizes the approaches for establishing and evaluating risk prediction models and discusses potential future challenges and opportunities.

When facing two or more choices， sound decision-making is critical. In the field of clinical medical practice and public health， more and more researchers use decision-making analysis as an important tool to assist in making the optimal choices. Public health emergencies have the characteristics of group cases， sudden and uncertain. In addition to causing serious damage to public health， they may also have varying degrees of impact on socio-economic， psychological and even social stability. At present， we have not seen the application of mature and sound decision analysis in public health emergency response. This paper reviewed the development of decision analysis in the medical field and the application of common decision-making models in clinical practice. Combined with the current situation of global infectious disease outbreaks and prevention and control， this paper puts forward the concepts and prospects of establishing an auxiliary decision-making system for public health emergencies， aiming to provide a scientific method for medical and health workers to respond to public health emergencies.

Glaucoma is one of the most common optic neuropathies, featuring progressive retinal ganglion cell damage and visual field loss (Tham et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2020). Currently, the only effective treatment for this condition is the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) (Palmberg, 2001; Heijl et al., 2002). Canaloplasty is a proven bleb-independent surgery with good efficacy and safety profiles in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (Gołaszewska et al., 2021). However, early transient postoperative IOP elevation has been reported in up to 30% of cases (Riva et al., 2019), similar to that commonly observed in other internal drainage glaucoma surgeries such as implantation using iStent (0%-21.0%), CyPass (10.8%), and Hydrus (4.8%-6.5%) (Lavia et al., 2017). This complication may be a predictor of poor reserve in the outflow system and is potentially associated with surgical failure. Nonetheless, the exact pathophysiology of glaucoma remains unknown, and studies clarifying the risk factors for postoperative IOP elevation have been scarce.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery* ; Incidence ; Treatment Outcome ; Risk Factors

The impact of plateau environment on cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is more complex and diverse than in plain areas. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics, affected sites, and especially the pathogenesis of CVT in plateau areas.