Chinese materia medica has a wide range of clinical applications， but it has many active ingredients with different physicochemical properties， and the target organs， action pathways and mechanisms for different ingredients to exert their efficacy are not the same. Therefore， it is difficult to design and develop a co-delivery system loading multiple components of Chinese materia medica to maximize the synergistic therapeutic efficiency. Based on the characteristics of effectiveness and functionality of active ingredients， the strategies for multi-component co-delivery of Chinese materia medica can be categorized into two types：firstly， based on the effectiveness of active ingredients， new carriers such as liposomes， nanoparticles can be constructed to load multi-components of Chinese materia medica. secondly， based on the functionality of some active ingredients of Chinese materia medica， they are employed in the construction of co-delivery system， which can give play to the dual characteristics of their own efficacy and preparation functions. In this paper， we summarized the relevant research progress of the above two types of multi-component co-delivery strategies， and mainly discussed the pharmaceutical functions of the active ingredients in co-delivery systems， in order to find a more suitable multi-component co-delivery strategy， promoting the design and development of new delivery systems of Chinese materia medica.

【Objective】 To establish a highly sensitive detection method of platelet HPA-3 and HPA-15 genotyping by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and to explore the feasibility of applying it to the detection of human platelet antigen (HPA) compatibility in maternal peripheral blood fetal free DNA. 【Methods】 For SNP mutation sites of HPA-3 and HPA-15, specific primers and MGB probes were designed, and amplification conditions such as annealing temperature and primer concentration of ddPCR were optimized to establish the optimal reaction system and clarify the test procedures. The methodological performance of the assay was evaluated, including specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and stability. ddPCR was used to detect 67 clinical blood samples, and the allele typing results were compared with the gene sequencing results. The fetal free DNA HPA antigen of 52 maternal peripheral blood samples was detected. 【Results】 The ddPCR method for detecting platelet HPA-3 and HPA-15 showed good specificity of primers and probes. The optimal annealing temperatures for HPA-3 and HPA-15 were 61.6℃ and 60.2℃, respectively. The optimal concentrations of primers were 900 nM and 700 nM respectively. The final concentration of the probe was 250 nM. The quantitative detection range of copy number was 2 to 20 000 copies, with lower limit of detection of 0.1 copies/μL, and the linearity is good. In low copy number samples, the intra - and inter batch coefficient of variation (CV) of actual detection values for HPA-3 and HPA-15 were both lower than 5%. The detection results of HPA-3 and HPA-15 genotypes of 67 blood samples were consistent with the gene sequencing results, and its application in fetomaternal platelet HPA-3, HPA-15 genotype detection met expectations. 【Conclusion】 The HPA-3 and HPA-15 ddPCR detection system constructed in this study has high accuracy, good repeatability, stability and sensitivity, and can be applied to the establishment of platelet HPA-3 and HPA-15 genotype donor pool, gene matching and fetomaternal platelet compatibility detection.

Objective:To explore the microbiological and disease distribution characteristics of multidrug-resistant bacteria in patients hospitalized in a critical care rehabilitation ward, and to analyze the risk factors leading to multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.Methods:Microbiology screening data describing 679 patients admitted to a critical care rehabilitation ward were retrospectively analyzed to divide the subjects into a multidrug-resistant group (positive for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, n=166) and a non-multidrug-resistant group (negative for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, n=513). The risk factors were then analyzed using logistic regression. Results:Among 369 strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria observed, 329 were gram-negative bacteria (89.2%), mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. They were distributed in sputum (56.9%) and mid-epidemic urine (28.2%) specimens. Patients whose primary disease was hemorrhagic or ischemic cerebrovascular disease accounted for 40.96% and 23.49% of the multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that albumin level, dependence on mechanical ventilation, central venous cannulation, or an indwelling urinary catheter or cystostomy tube were significant independent predictors of such infections.Conclusion:The multidrug-resistant bacterial infections of patients admitted to the critically ill rehabilitation unit are mainly caused by gram-negative bacteria. Their occurrence is closely related to low albumin levels and mechanical ventilation, as well as to bearing an indwelling central venous catheter, a urinary catheter or a cystostomy catheter.

OBJECTIVE To establish a clinical pharmaceutical pathway of anti-infective therapy for high-risk populations of antibiotic-associated encephalopathy （AAE）， and analyze its application effects. METHODS Clinical pharmacists developed the “AAE High-Risk Population Screening Form” and “Antibiotic AAE Risk Comparison Form” based on literature and expert opinions， and established the “Clinical Pharmaceutical Pathway of Anti-infective Treatment for AAE High-Risk Population” in our hospital. A prospective， non-randomized controlled study was conducted from May 2023 to April 2024， including 50 cases in the observation group and 50 cases in the control group among patients with pulmonary infections admitted to the Dept. of Internal Medicine in our hospital. The observation group was involved in the development of an anti-infective treatment following the clinical pharmaceutical pathway by clinical pharmacists， while the control group received routine anti-infective treatment by clinical physicians. The occurrence of AAE， the rational antibiotic drug use， and the effectiveness of initial anti-infective treatment in the two groups were observed， and the intervention measures and outcomes of AAE cases were summarized. RESULTS The anti-infective treatment clinical pharmaceutical pathway for AAE high-risk population was preliminarily established in our hospital. The analysis of the application effects showed that there was 1 case of AAE in the observation group and 8 cases in the control group， with a significantly lower incidence of AAE in the observation group than in the control group； the rational antibiotic drug use and the effectiveness of initial anti-infective treatment in the observation group were both significantly superior to those in the control group （P＜0.05）. Drug withdrawal and dressing change were the preferred effective intervention measures for AAE， and encephalopathy treatment drugs could be used as auxiliary measures for symptom relief. Timely and effective intervention was conducive to rapid symptom relief， with a total improvement rate of AAE of 88.89%. CONCLUSIONS The anti-infective treatment clinical pharmaceutical pathway for AAE high-risk population can effectively prevent the occurrence of AAE as well as contribute to promoting rational drug use and the effectiveness of initial anti-infection plans and strengthening treatment outcomes.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of the Shewhart control chart-based assessment and early warning system in prevention of medical device-related pressure injury(MDRPI).Methods:152 critically ill patients admitted to Hebei Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group based on different methods of assessing MDRPI risk,with 76 cases in each group.The control group adopted the Braden scale to assess the risk of MDRPI.The observation group adopted a safety early warning system based on Shewhart control charts to assess the risk of MDRPI in patients.Nursing measures were undertaken according to MDRPI risk grade in both groups.The occurrence of adverse events of MDRPI,nursing safety quality and nursing comprehensive quality were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence rate of head,neck and face adverse events of MDRPI and the total incidence of adverse events of MDRPI of the patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(x2=4.802,5.758,P<0.05).The safety quality and comprehensive quality of nursing of 20 nurses in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(t=6.654,7.172,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of assessment and early warning system based on Shewhart control chart in clinical nursing management can effectively reduce the incidence of MDRPI adverse events and improve the quality of nursing safety and comprehensive nursing.

Objective:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of curcumin in the treatment of post-stroke depression through network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:The potential targets of curcumin were searched in GeneCards,PharmGKB and SwissTargetPrediction database.The online Mendelian Inheritance in Man data-base and GeneCards database were searched for potential targets of ischemic stroke and depression.The targets were standardized by Uniprot and then imported into Venn online platform to obtain the intersection targets among the three.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)was visualized by STRING and Cytoscape 3.7.1 software.Metascape database was used to perform Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of intersection targets.Finally,AutoDock Vina1.5.6 software was used to verify the molecular docking between curcumin and core targets.Results:A total of 1452 potential targets for ischemic stroke and depression,207 drug tar-gets,and 47 intersection targets of the three were obtained.GO functional enrichment analysis yielded 2332 items,and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis yielded 138 items.According to the degree value and enrichment fraction,the core targets such as interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),serine/threonine protein kinase 1(AKT1),inter-leukin-1β(IL-1β)and the advanced glycation end products receptor(AGE-RAGE)signaling pathway,interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,etc.Molecular docking results showed that curcumin had a strong binding ability to core targets such as IL-6,TNF,AKT1,and 1L-1β.Conclusion:Curcumin may act on key targets such as IL-6,TNF,AKT1,IL-1β,and play an important role through the AGE-RAGE,IL-17,and TNF signaling pathways.

Objective To investigate the difference of facial soft tissue changes in patients with different vertical bone facial types after orthodontic treatment.Methods A total of 137 female patients with class Ⅱ malocclusion aged 18 to 30 years old were selected for retrospective analysis using facial soft tissue 3D model data.According to the mandibular plane angle(FH-MP)angle,they were divided into high angle group,average angle group and low angle group.The EinScan Pro 2X 2020 handheld high-precision 3D scanner was used to capture facial soft tissue images of patients before treatment(T0)and at 6 months during treatment(T1)and after treatment(T2).The patients'facial images were overlapped using reverse engineering software Geomagic Wrap 2021,and the differ-ences within and between groups were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software.Results Before and after orthodontic treatment,the average overall facial changes in the high angle group were(-3.25±0.22)mm,in the average angle group was(-3.28±0.30)mm,and in the average low angle group was(-3.69±0.36)mm.Compared with the other two groups,the changes in the low angle group decreased more,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The mandibular angle area and temporal area decreased the most in the low angle group,which were(-2.78±0.18)mm and(-2.27±0.35)mm,respectively,and the differ-ence was statistically significant compared with the other two groups(P＜0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference among the other groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The whole face and all facial regions of the three groups had some negative changes,but the collapse in the mandibular angle area and the temporal muscle ar-ea of the low angle group was more obvious than that of the other two groups.

Objective:To explore the experience of elderly patients with diabetes after the first use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) through qualitative research.Methods:From January to December 2022, 20 elderly patients with diabetes who received rt-CGM in Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected as the research object with objective sampling. Semi-structured, personalized, one-to-one in-depth interviews were used to collect data. The qualitative research content analysis method was used to summarize interview data, extract and explain the theme.Results:In this interview, a total of five themes were obtained. There were two themes before continuous glucose monitoring, namely high recognition of rt-CGM by patients and the expectation of understanding blood glucose fluctuations, which was the main purpose for patients to receive rt-CGM. After continuous glucose monitoring, there were three themes, namely, the negative emotions caused by abnormal blood glucose alarms during rt-CGM, disagreements among patients regarding the calibration method of measuring finger blood glucose four times a day during rt-CGM, and patients questioning the accuracy of rt-CGM data.Conclusions:Elderly patients with diabetes are willing to receive rt-CGM, but there are still many misunderstandings. Medical and nursing staff should develop targeted nursing strategies from various aspects such as improving patients ' psychological state, enhancing patients ' correct understanding of treatment, and strengthening standardized training for nurses, so as to increase patients ' treatment compliance and effectively control blood glucose.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the experience and needs of parental care for premature infants during the transition from hospital to home.Methods:Qualitative studies on the experience and needs of parental care for premature infants transitioning from hospital to home were electronically searched in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, China Biomedical Medline Disc, and WanFang Data. The search period was from the establishment of the database to June 3, 2023. The retrieved studies were evaluated using the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center. The qualitative research results were integrated using the method of aggregation integration.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, 39 research results were extracted, categorized into nine categories. These categories were integrated into three synthesized results, namely the dependency period (parents of premature infants coexisted with joy and concern, and relied on professional support from medical and nursing staff), shock period (parents of premature infants developed negative emotions, faced dual difficulties in home care and role switching, and needed internal and external professional support from the family), adaptation period (parents of premature infants actively responded to changes, sought peer support, and transitioned to the "new normal" of life) .Conclusions:The transition from hospital to home is a dynamic process. During the transition process, parents of premature infants undergo complex emotional experiences and role transitions, requiring support from healthcare professionals, family members, and peers. Medical and nursing workers should pay attention to the psychological changes and diverse needs of parents, provide professional support and guidance to help them adapt to the role of parents, and promote the healthy growth of premature infants.

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of vitamin D(VD)in renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R group)injury.Methods:Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups:Sham operation group(Sham group),active VD analog alfacalcidol treatment group(VD group),renal ischemia-reperfusion injury group(I/R group)and alfacalcidol treated I/R group(I/R+VD group).After 24 h renal I/R injury,mice in each group were sacrificed,and peripheral blood was collected to detect the levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr)and inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).The renal tissues of mice in each group were collected,the apoptosis level of renal tissues was detected by TUNEL staining,and the positive expression rate of NLRP3 was detected by IHC.Western blot was used to detect the NLRP3 inflammasome associated factors NLRP3,GSDMD-N,cleaved Caspase-1,IL-1β and NF-κB p65,IκBα in renal tissues of mice in each group.Results:Com-pared with Sham group,there was no significant difference in serum BUN,SCr,IL-1β,IL-18 and TNF-α levels in VD group(P>0.05),significantly increased in I/R group and I/R+VD group(P<0.05).Compared with I/R group,BUN,SCr,IL-1β,IL-18 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in I/R+VD group(P<0.05).Compared with Sham group,the positive rate of TUNEL and NLRP3 expression in renal tissues of mice in VD group had no significant difference(P>0.05),the positive rate of TUNEL and NLRP3 expres-sion in renal tissues of mice in I/R group and I/R+VD group were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the positive rate of TUNEL and NLRP3 expression in I/R+VD group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Western blot results showed that compared with Sham group,there was no significant difference in protein expression levels of NLRP3,GSDMD-N,cleaved Caspase-1,IL-1β,NF-κB P65,IκBα in VD group(P>0.05).The protein expression of IκBα in I/R group and I/R+VD group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the other protein expression levels were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the I/R group,the expression levels of NLRP3,GSDMD-N,cleaved Caspase-1,IL-1β and NF-κB p65 were significantly decreased in the I/R+VD group(P<0.05),while the expression level of IκBα was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:VD plays a protective role in I/R injury by inhibiting NF-κB mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.