BACKGROUND:Ferroptosis-mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression in pressure ulcers,and there may be pressure ulcer-associated ferroptosis biomarkers,but the mechanism has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying pressure ulcers using bioinformatic analysis,with a focus on identifying differentially expressed genes associated with ferroptosis during the process of pressure ulcer formation,thereby providing novel insights into the clinical treatment of pressure ulcers. METHODS:The single-cell transcriptome sequencing dataset and ferroptosis-related genes were obtained and preprocessed from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)and FerrDb databases.We performed clustering and proportion analyses,metabolic activity and pseudotime analysis,cell communication analysis,ferroptosis gene set cell population identification,and enrichment analysis to determine differentially expressed genes related to ferroptosis.Animal experiments were then conducted for further validation,with 20 Sprague-Dawley rats randomly assigned into a control group and a model group(n=10 per group).The control group received no treatment,while the model group underwent a cycle of ischemia-reperfusion to establish pressure ulcer models.Changes in differentially expressed genes and proteins in the wound tissues of pressure ulcer rats were detected using fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot,respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The single-cell transcriptome sequencing data were clustered into six cell types,with a higher proportion of type 2 and type 3 keratinocytes observed in the pressure ulcer group.There was evident metabolic heterogeneity and evolutionary trajectory among cell populations.Type 2 and type 3 keratinocytes exhibited stronger cell communication,while type 2 keratinocytes demonstrating optimal ligand-receptor interactions.Type 2 keratinocytes demonstrated higher scores for ferroptosis,accompanied by significant upregulation or downregulation of specific genes.A total of 27 Gene Ontology enrichments,20 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichments,and 24 ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes,including glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4),were identified.Animal experiments further confirmed the downregulation of GPX4,the ferroptosis-inhibiting protein,and the upregulation of ACSL4,the ferroptosis-promoting protein,in the model group.Overall,these findings indicate the presence of ferroptosis in pressure ulcer tissue.GPX4 and ACSL4 are important genes regulating ferroptosis in pressure ulcer tissues.

Objective To explore the clinical effect and nursing cooperation of the new robot-assisted puncture system RC120 in CT-guided lung puncture biopsy,so as to provide practical basis for the promotion and utilization of the new robot-assisted puncture system.Methods Using random sampling method,a total of 29 patients,who received robot-assisted lung puncture at the Shanghai Municipal Pulmonary Hospital of China between January and June of 2022,were collected as the study group,while other 29 patients,who received traditional manual lung puncture under CT guidance in the same period,were collected as the control group.For the patients of the control group traditional nursing was implemented,while for the patients of the study group on the basis of traditional nursing the additional targeted nursing care was carried out.The accuracy of puncture localization,satisfaction with the nursing care,and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results The accuracy of puncture localization in the study group was 5.0 mm(3.6-6.2 mum),which was better than 6.4 mm(4.0-8.4 mm)in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.179,P=0.034).The patient satisfaction score in the study group was(91.1±1.6)points,which was significantly higher than(82.2±1.7)points in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=21.047,P＜0.001).In the study group 2 patients developed complications with an incidence of 6.9％,while in the control group 8 patients developed complications with an incidence of 27.6％,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=4.350,P=0.037).Conclusion The implementation of targeted nursing care can reduce the risk of complications caused by CT-guided lung puncture with RC120 auxiliary puncture system,improve the accuracy of puncture localization,and improve patient satisfaction with nursing care,therefore,the targeted nursing care deserves promotion in clinical practice.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:549-553)

Objective:To observe the effect of enriched rehabilitation on dual-task gait disorder after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and explore its mechanism.Methods:Sixty TIA patients were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, each of 30. Another 30 healthy counterparts were selected to form a healthy control group. All of the TIA patients were given routine medication to lower blood pressure and improve brain function, while the observation group was additionally provided with enriched rehabilitation training for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, the gait and cognitive functioning of all of the subjects were quantified and their event-related potentials (P300s) and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were also measured.Results:Before the treatment there were significant differences between the TIA groups and healthy controls in all of the measurements, but there were no significant differences between the control and observation groups. After the treatment, no significant improvement was observed in any of the control group′s results, but there was significant improvement in the observation group′s gait parameters, cognitive functioning, average serum BDNF concentration and in the average latency and amplitude of its P300 signals.Conclusions:Enriched rehabilitation can improve the gait of TIA patients, perhaps through increasing their serum BDNF concentration and improving their cognition.

Objective: To improve the N biomarker in the amyloid/taueurodegeneration system by radiomics and study its value for predicting cognitive progression in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Materials and Methods: A group of 147 healthy controls (HCs) (72 male; mean age ± standard deviation, 73.7 ± 6.3 years), 197 patients with MCI (114 male; 72.2 ± 7.1 years), and 128 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (74 male; 73.7 ± 8.4 years) were included. Optimal A, T, and N biomarkers for discriminating HC and AD were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A radiomics model containing comprehensive information of the whole cerebral cortex and deep nuclei was established to create a new N biomarker. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were evaluated to determine the optimal A or T biomarkers. All MCI patients were followed up until AD conversion or for at least 60 months. The predictive value of A, T, and the radiomics-based N biomarker for cognitive progression of MCI to AD were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank test. Results: The radiomics-based N biomarker showed an ROC curve area of 0.998 for discriminating between AD and HC. CSF Aβ42 and p-tau proteins were identified as the optimal A and T biomarkers, respectively. For MCI patients on the Alzheimer’s continuum, isolated A+ was an indicator of cognitive stability, while abnormalities of T and N, separately or simultaneously, indicated a high risk of progression. For MCI patients with suspected non-Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology, isolated T+ indicated cognitive stability, while the appearance of the radiomics-based N+ indicated a high risk of progression to AD. Conclusion We proposed a new radiomics-based improved N biomarker that could help identify patients with MCI who are at a higher risk for cognitive progression. In addition, we clarified the value of a single A/T/N biomarker for predicting the cognitive progression of MCI.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of drinking-tea type endemic fluorosis among children in Lhasa, Tibet, and to provide basic data for the early prevention of dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis among children. Methods: Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select primary school 1 991 students in 6 counties. Results: The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 27.2%, the index of dental fluorosis was 0.44, and the total severity of fluorosis prevalence was identified as very mild among 6 counties. The detection rate of dental fluorosis increased with the age of the children：male and female increased by 36.2 and 28.5 percentage points,respectively. There was no significant difference between male and female students(χ2=0.08, P> 0.05). The urine fluoride test results suggested that urine fluoride concentration among participate children was below the standard limits value(geometric mean of urinary fluorine <1.4 mg/L). Conclusion The prevalence of tea-drinking type endemic fluorosis among children in Lhasa is more serious compared with that from other regions of China. The cumulative effect of fluorine in human body makes older students more prone to dental fluorosis. It is suggested that more school-based health education programs should be carried out to prevent tea drinking type endemic fluorosis.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of drinking-tea fluorosis from 2016 to 2018 in Lhasa City, Tibet, and to provide clues and basic data for preventing this disease.Methods:According to the stratified cluster sampling method, Mozhugongka County and Nimu County in 2016, Dazi District in 2017, Chengguan District, Duilongdeqing District and Qushui County of Lhasa City in 2018 were selected as survey counties (districts), each county (district) selected 1 township (town) according to the 5 directions of east, south, west, north, and middle, and each township (town) selected 1 to 2 administrative villages as survey points, and each survey point recruited villager volunteers aged ≥18 years for survey subject. All volunteers were tested for dental fluorosis (Dean method) and skeletal fluorosis (X-ray), and samples of drinking water, brick tea consumed at home and residents' urine were collected for water fluoride, tea fluoride, and urine fluoride testing.Results:A total of 30 water samples were collected, and the water fluoride content was all < 1.0 mg/L. The average fluorine content was 1 167.5 mg/kg among 314 samples of brick tea investigated in this study. The qualification rate of brick tea in each survey county was 0 - 16.7%. The daily intake of fluoride in brick tea per person was 6.4 mg. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 18.1% (350/1 929) among all enrolled participants, 4 of the 6 survey counties (districts) had varying degrees of dental fluorosis. A total of 1 637 urine samples were collected and detected, and the urine fluorine level ranged from 0.01 to 11.01 mg/L, with a geometric mean of 1.07 mg/L. The urine fluorine levels in all investigated counties (districts) were under the standard limits (≤1.6 mg/L). Eight adults were diagnosed with skeletal fluorosis of degree Ⅰ via X-ray detection, with a detection rate of 0.4% (8/1 929). Totally 20.2% (390/1 929) of people reported suffered from two or more joint disease. Furthermore, 6 counties (districts) in Lhasa City were identified as mild drinking-tea type endemic fluorosis disease areas.Conclusion:From 2016 to 2018, the fluorine content of brick tea in Lhasa has exceeded the standard seriously, dental fluorosis is mildly prevalent in some counties (districts), and 6 counties (districts) are all mild tea-drinking fluorosis areas.

Objective: To explore the relationship between paternal smoking and risk of childhood obesity , and to provide theoretical support for the identification and intervention of risk factors of obesity among children and adolescents. Methods: Physical examination and questionnaire survey was conducted among 38 228 students from 7 provinces in China. Log-binomial regression model was used to estimate the relationship between passive smoking and childhood obesity. Results: The students were divided into non-smoking goroup and smoking group auording to whether their fathers smoked or not, the former included 19 096 students(50.0%), and the latter included 19 132 students(50.0%). The obesity rate of the no-smoking group was 10.2%, the obesity rate from smoking group was 12.7%, the differences were of statistical significace (χ2=58.42, P<0.01). Univariate analysis showed that the risk for obesity in smoking group was 1.24 times higher than those in non-smoking group (95%CI=1.18-1.32, P<0.05). Adjusting regression indicated that the risk for obesity in smoking group was 1.28. times higher than non-smoking group (95%CI=1.21-1.35, P<0.01). Conclusion Paternal smoking increases the risk of obesity in children and adolescents. Parents should avoid smoking and other unhealthy lifestyle, so as to effectively control the incidence of obesity in children and adolescents.

Objective: To understand the status of vision of Tibetan students aged 7-18 in China, and to provide the theoretical basis for prevention and controlling work of short-sightedness and making relevant policies. Methods: Cross-sectional survey method was applied to collect information of the eyesight of 2 418 Tibetan students and that of gender, age and work-and-rest habit of 1 910 students, and the status of eyesight of Tibetan students was analyzed, and Logistic regression analysis method was used to probe into the influencing factors of eyesight. Results: The mean left eye visual value was (4.75±0.33),and the median was 4.75(P25=4.5，P75=5.0). The mean right eye visual value was (4.74±0.33),and the median was 4.90(P25=4.5, P75=5.0). 1 520 students were detected with myopia, with the detection rate of 62.9%. The prevalence of myopia among Tibetan female students was higher than that of male (P<0.01). The detection rate of myopia was increased with age both in left and right eyes. Logistic regression model showed that students with insufficient physical education courses each week were associated with evaluated risk of myopia,compared with those with sufficient courses(OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.05-1.94, P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among Tibetan students aged 7-18 years old is rather high, and females are worse than males, senior students were worse than junior students. After controlling for factors like grade and gender, insufficient physical education courses at school is a risk factor of myopia.

Objective: To understand epidemiological characteristics of echinococcosis among children and adolescents in Lhasa, and to provide basic data and theoretical support for echinococcosis prevention and control. Methods: The data of echinococcosis screening in Lhasa in 2017 were collected from 3-18 years old, and portable ultrasound and serum echinococcosis antibody tests were used for screening, and the diagnosis was made based on the epidemiological history and clinical manifestations. Results: The overall echinococcosis detection rate of children and adolescents aged 3-18 years in Lhasa was 0.12% (114/95 835).Among different age groups, the echinococcosis rate of children and adolescents aged 16 to 18 was the highest (0.17%). Among the population with different education levels, the echinococcosis rate of children and adolescents with primary education level was the highest (0.45%).The echinococcosis detection rate of herdsmen was the highest among different occupational groups (0.59%). Among the population with different living patterns, echinococcosis rate was the highest (0.70%) in "settled in winter and nomadic in summer" group. The rate of echinococcosis of children and adolescents were the highest in "nomadism" group and "half farming and half nomadism" group (both 0.20%) among different family production mode. Among different endemic counties, the echinococcosis detection rate of children and adolescents in Dangxiong county and Mozhugongka county were the highest, both of which are 0.18%.All the above differences are statistically significant(χ2=16.77,23.76,69.76,16.49,14.74,25.25,P<0.01).There was no significant difference in echinococcosis detection rate between boys and girls(P>0.05). Conclusion Echinococcosis is more likely to be detected in children and adolescents who are older and have a lower education level, whose production and lifestyle are involved in animal husbandry, and who live at a higher altitude. Therefore, the prevention and control of echinococcosis among children and adolescents, especially the health education, should be the focus of the government’s work.

Objective To investigate the effect of Osthole on memory function of sleep deprivation(SD) mice. Methods Forty-eight male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups;normal control group(NC group ), large platform control group(TC group),sleep deprivation group(M group)and Osthole group(Ost group). The model of SD in mice was estabished by using improved multi platform method. The ability of learning and memory was tested by using Morris water maze test and pathological changes of hippocampal neurons in mice were observed by HE staining. The serum,hippcampus malondialdehyde(MDA)contents and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity, so as the hippocampus No content,were detected. Results Compared with NC group and TC group,the escape la-tency of M group increased significiantly and the number of crossing platform decreased significantly. There were in-creased levels hippocampus tissue,serum MDA level,hippocampal SOD activity and NO content. After supplemen-tation of Osthole,the escape latency significantly shortened in mice. The number of crossing platform was increased while the contents of MDA both in hippocampus and serum were decreased,and the SOD activity in hippocampus re-turned to normal. However,the level of NO in hippocampus was not decreased. Conclusion Osthole can protect the memory function of SD mice by reducing the the damage of hippocampal neurons through antioxidant stress.