Objective:To explore effect of Yishen Paidu Formula on inflammatory response in chronic renal failure(CRF)rats and role of Calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cell(NFAT).Methods:CRF rat model was constructed,and randomly grouped into model group,low,medium and high doses Yishen Paidu Formula groups,with 10 rats in each group,another 10 rats were fed normally as a blank group;general situation of rats was recorded;urine protein quantification kit was applied to detect 24-hour urine protein level of CRF rats in each group;serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels of CRF rats were detected;ELISA was applied to detect serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels in CRF rats;pathological changes of renal tissue were observed by HE staining;Western blot was applied to detect expressions of fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23),Klotho protein,Calcineurin,NFAT protein in renal tissue of CRF rats in each group.Results:Compared with blank group,levels of creatinine,urea nitrogen in serum,24 h urine protein in urine,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α in serum,and protein levels of FGF23,Calcineurin,NFAT in kidney tissue were obviously increased in model group,level of Klotho protein was obviously decreased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,levels of creatinine,urea nitrogen in serum,24 h urine protein in urine,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α in serum,and protein levels of FGF23,Calcineurin,NFAT in kidney tissue were obviously decreased in low,medium and high doses Yishen Paidu Formula groups,level of Klotho protein was obviously increased,which were more significant with dosage increase(P<0.05).Conclusion:Yishen Paidu Formula may alleviate inflammatory response in CRF rats by inhibiting Calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore effect of Yishen Paidu Formula on inflammatory response in chronic renal failure(CRF)rats and role of Calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cell(NFAT).Methods:CRF rat model was constructed,and randomly grouped into model group,low,medium and high doses Yishen Paidu Formula groups,with 10 rats in each group,another 10 rats were fed normally as a blank group;general situation of rats was recorded;urine protein quantification kit was applied to detect 24-hour urine protein level of CRF rats in each group;serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels of CRF rats were detected;ELISA was applied to detect serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels in CRF rats;pathological changes of renal tissue were observed by HE staining;Western blot was applied to detect expressions of fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23),Klotho protein,Calcineurin,NFAT protein in renal tissue of CRF rats in each group.Results:Compared with blank group,levels of creatinine,urea nitrogen in serum,24 h urine protein in urine,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α in serum,and protein levels of FGF23,Calcineurin,NFAT in kidney tissue were obviously increased in model group,level of Klotho protein was obviously decreased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,levels of creatinine,urea nitrogen in serum,24 h urine protein in urine,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α in serum,and protein levels of FGF23,Calcineurin,NFAT in kidney tissue were obviously decreased in low,medium and high doses Yishen Paidu Formula groups,level of Klotho protein was obviously increased,which were more significant with dosage increase(P<0.05).Conclusion:Yishen Paidu Formula may alleviate inflammatory response in CRF rats by inhibiting Calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway.

Objective:To establish a common method for detecting serotypes of respiratory adenovirus, and to detect the main serotypes of respiratory human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in children in Wenzhou area.Methods:A multiplex PCR method based on capillary electrophoresis was developed to detect 12 common serotypes of respiratory adenovirus.A total of 1 059 children with acute respiratory infection who were admitted to Yuying Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2019 with positive infection of HAdV detected by the direct immunofluorescence method were recruited and retrospectively analyzed.Multiplex PCR was performed to determine 12 serotypes of respiratory adenovirus, including HAdV-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21, 37, 40, 41 and 55.Meanwhile, some samples were randomly selected to examine the consistency in the detection result by the first-generation sequencing method.Results:A total of 1 059 specimens of respiratory secretions with positive HAdV antigen were collected.Detected by multiplex PCR method, 947 cases (89.4%) were positive for 1 serotype, 13 cases (1.2%) were mixed infection with 2 serotypes, and 24 cases (2.3%) were negative.In addition, 75 cases(7.1%) were positive but could not be serotyped.Among the 947 children with the positive infection of a single serotype, 415 cases (43.8%) were HAdV-3 in subgroup B, 318 cases(33.6%) were HAdV-7, 12 cases (1.2%) were HAdV-55, 2 cases (0.2%) were HAdV-21, 108 cases (11.4%) were HAdV-2 in subgroup C, 70 cases (7.4%) were HAdV-1, 16 cases(1.7%) were HAdV-5, and 6 cases(0.6%) were HAdV-4 in subgroup E. HAdV-14, HAdV-37, HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 were not detected.A total of 51 positive samples of HAdV infection detected by multiplex PCR were randomly selected to compare with the detection result by the first-generation sequencing, which were all consistent.Conclusions:This study successfully established a multiplex PCR based on capillary electrophoresis in diagnosing common serotypes of respiratory adenovirus infection in children.HAdV-3, HAdV-7 of subgroup B and HAdV-2 and HAdV-1 of subgroup C were the main serotypes of respiratory adenovirus infection in children of Wenzhou area.HAdV-14, HAdV-37, HAdV-40 and HAdV- 41 were not detected.

OBJECTIVE To establish a quantitative analysis method for the quality control components in Tenghuang jiangu capsules， and predict the possible action mechanism of the quality control components. METHODS Seven key quality control components in Tenghuang jiangu capsules were quantitatively analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. The “component-target” network was constructed based on network pharmacology， and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology （GO） function enrichment analysis were further conducted to find the key signaling pathways. RESULTS The average contents of succinic acid， hyperoside， gallic acid， kaempferol， naringin， naringenin and protocatechuic acid in 20 batches of Tenghuang jiangu capsules were 520.92， 67.67， 129.48， 4.74， 397.45， 5.66 and 376.62 μg/g， respectively. The results of network pharmacology showed that the 62 key target genes of the quality control components of the drug included AKT1， TNF， VEGFA， MMP9， PTGS2， etc. They were mainly enriched in cytokine receptor interaction， nuclear factor， tumor necrosis factor， interleukin 17， rheumatoid arthritis， Toll-like receptor and other signal pathways， involving inflammatory reaction， signal transduction， protein phosphorylation and other biological processes， kytoplasm， cell membrane and other cell components， as well as enzyme activity， energy activity and other molecular functions. CONCLUSIONS The established UHPLC- Q-Orbitrap HRMS method can be used for the quantitative analysis of the quality control components of Tenghuang jiangu capsule. Its quality control components may be mapped to inflammatory pathways related to bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Toll-like receptors through AKT1， TNF， VEGFA and other key targets， so as to play a therapeutic role.

ObjectiveTo explore the research hotspots and development trends in the field of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the past ten years, the literatures of microglia-related neuroinflammation of ASD and the immune regulation and possible pathways of exercise ameliorating ASD symptoms were reviewed. MethodsArticles about microglia-related research in ASD during January, 2012 to December, 2021 were searched in the core collection database of Web of Science. The CiteSpace 5.8.R3 software was used to summarize the main findings, visualize and analyze the annual publication volume, high-frequency keywords and keyword clustering. Results and ConclusionA total of 783 papers were returned. The numbers of papers published increased with time. The neuroinflammation was a research hotspot in the pathogenesis of ASD, among which abnormal activation of microglia and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were important factors in the occurrence and development of ASD. Exercise was an important intervention to improve symptoms of ASD, which may associate with reducing neuroinflammation or regulating microglia-mediated inflammatory pathways.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of ventral-combined-dorsal exposure of middle hepatic vein via caudal approach in laparoscopic anatomic hemihepatectomy of liver cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 44 patients undergoing laparoscopic antecedent hemihepatectomy with the ventral-combined-dorsal exposure of middle hepatic vein via caudal approach in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital) from January 2021 to September 2021. Among the 44 patients, there were 24 male and 20 female patients, aged 56-66 (61±5) years. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, occlusion time of the first hilum hepatis, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were analyzed.Results:All 44 patients underwent the surgery successfully. The average operation time was (259.3±33.4) min. Intraoperative blood loss was (113.8±31.0) ml, and no intraoperative blood transfusion was performed. The mean intraoperative occlusion time of the first hilum was (56.1±7.1) min. No postoperative hemorrhage and biliary fistula and other complications occurred. The mean postoperative hospital stay is (9.3±1.4) days. Pathological examination confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma in 36 cases and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in 8 cases.Conclusion:The ventral-combined-dorsal exposure of middle hepatic vein via caudal approach benefits exposure of middle hepatic vein in laparoscopic anatomic hemihepatectomy, reducing intraoperative accidental bleeding and ensuring surgical safety.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using single half tunnel, double half curved tunnel and suture anchor fixation in the treatment of patellar dislocation.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the clinical data of 58 patients with patellar dislocation treated in Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from June 2018 to February 2021, including 22 males and 36 females, aged 12-34 years [(19.6±5.5)years]. MPFL reconstruction was performed arthroscopically using single half tunnel fixation in 20 patients (single half tunnel group), double half curved tunnel fixation in 18 (double half curved tunnel group) and suture anchor fixation in 20 (suture anchor group). The Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and Tegner activity score were compared among groups before operation, at 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up. The knee range of motion was compared among the three groups at 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up. The postoperative complications of the three groups were observed at the last follow-up.Results:All patients were followed up for 9-39 months [(26.5±9.1)months]. In single half tunnel group, double half curved tunnel group and suture anchor group, the Lysholm score was (78.4±12.0)points, (88.7±7.5)points and (81.1±9.8)points at 3 months after operation, and (80.4±14.2)points, (90.9±9.0)points and (83.3±9.1)points at the last follow-up. The postoperative Lysholm score in all groups was significantly increased from that preoperatively (all P<0.01). The Lysholm score in double half curved tunnel group was significantly higher than that in other two groups at 3 months after operation and at last follow-up (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between other groups (all P>0.05). In single half tunnel group, double half curved tunnel group and suture anchor group, the IKDC score was (76.7±12.2)points, (78.4±8.9)points and (81.0±8.1)points at 3 months after operation, and (77.6±15.8)points, (83.2±7.8)points and (82.4±12.4)points at the last follow-up. The postoperative IKDC score in all groups was significantly increased from that preoperatively (all P<0.01), but there was no significant difference among the three groups (all P>0.05). In single half tunnel group, double half curved tunnel group and suture anchor group, the Tegner score was (4.0±1.2)points, (5.4±1.7)points and (5.3±1.7)points at 3 months after operation, and (4.1±1.4)points, (5.8±1.8)points and (5.3±2.2)points at the last follow-up. The postoperative Tegner score in all groups was significantly improved from that preoperatively (all P<0.01). The Tegner score in single half tunnel group was significantly lower than that in other two groups at 3 months after operation and at last follow-up (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between other groups (all P>0.05). In single half tunnel group, double half curved tunnel group and suture anchor group, the knee range of motion was (122.3±6.4)°, (121.7±7.1)° and (123.3±5.7)° at the last follow-up, which were significantly increased from (117.3±8.0)°, (115.3±7.9)° and (116.8±8.3)° at 3 months after operation (all P<0.05), with no significant difference among the three groups (all P>0.05). The postoperative complication rate was 10.0% (2/20) in single half tunnel group, 5.6% (1/18) in double half curved tunnel group, and 25.0% (5/20) in suture anchor group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:For patellar dislocation, MPFL reconstruction using single half tunnel, double half curve tunnel and suture anchor fixation have achieved satisfactory improvement of knee range of motion, but knee functional recovery is much better after double half curved tunnel fixation.

Epithelial and stromal tissues are components of the tumor microenvironment and play a major role in tumor initiation and progression. Distinguishing stroma from epithelial tissues is critically important for spatial characterization of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we propose BrcaSeg, an image analysis pipeline based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify epithelial and stromal regions in whole-slide hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histopathological images. The CNN model is trained using well-annotated breast cancer tissue microarrays and validated with images from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Program. BrcaSeg achieves a classification accuracy of 91.02％, which outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Using this model, we generate pixel-level epithelial/stromal tissue maps for 1000 TCGA breast cancer slide images that are paired with gene expression data. We subsequently estimate the epithelial and stromal ratios and perform correlation analysis to model the relationship between gene expression and tissue ratios. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of genes that are highly correlated with tissue ratios suggest that the same tissue is associated with similar biological processes in different breast cancer subtypes, whereas each subtype also has its own idiosyncratic biological processes governing the development of these tissues. Taken all together, our approach can lead to new insights in exploring relationships between image-based phenotypes and their underlying genomic events and biological processes for all types of solid tumors. BrcaSeg can be accessed at https://github.com/Serian1992/ImgBio.

OBJECTIVE：To study the pr otective effect of schisandrin A （SA）on CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis model mice and its mechanism. METHODS ：Mice were randomly divided into blank control group ，model group ，silymarin group （positive control，100 mg/kg），SA low-dose and high-dose groups （20，40 mg/kg），with 10 mice in each group. Except for blank control group，other groups were given CCl 4 subcutaneously to induce liver fibrosis model. After successful modeling ，administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 6 weeks；blank control group and model group were given constant volume of 0.5％sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution intragastrically by the same way. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice. UV spectrophotometry and ELISA assay were adopted to detect the serum levels of liver injury indexes （ALT and AST ）and the contents of inflammatory factors （TNF-α，IL-1β，IL-6）. Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression of NOD like receptor protein 3（NLRP3）/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway protein. RESULTS ：Compared with blank control group ，obvious pathological changes of liver fibrosis were observed in model group. The serum levels of liver injury indexes and contents of inflammatory factors were significantly increased （P＜0.01）. The expression of NLRP 3，apoptosis associated spot-like protein ，Caspase-1 and IL- 1β，TGF-β1 and ratios ofp-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65，p-IκBα/IκBα，p-Samd3/Smad3 were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，SA could significantly relieve hepatic fibrosis in mice ，reduce serum levels of liver injury indexes and contents of inflammatory factors ，as well as the expression of NLRP 3/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway protein and phosphorylation level（P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ： SA can effectively relieve liver injury and inflammation of CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis model mice ，which may be through the regulation of NLRP 3/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathways ，thus inhibiting the process of liver fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features of acute urine retention (AUR) ocurring in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: Clinical data from 548 patients diagnosed with BPH were retrospectively studied, and the clinical parameters of these patients with or without AUR were analyzed by statistical methods. RESULTS: Development of AUR was found in 164 patients (29.9%). Patients' age, IPSS, maximum flow rate (Q(max)), residual urine volume, prostate volume, transition zone volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density, total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) including the ratio of free to total PSA(f/tPSA) were significantly different in the 2 groups (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in the disease duration and transition zone index between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IPSS score, residual urine volume, tPSA, and Q(max) were risk factors for predicting the development of AUR. CONCLUSION BPH patient's age, IPSS, Q(max), residual urine volume, prostate volume, transition zone volume, tPSA and fPSA, and PSA density all influence the occurrence of AUR, in which symptom severity, residual urine volume, total PSA and Q(max) are the principal risk factors for prognosing AUR.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Retention ; epidemiology ; etiology