With the extensive application of nuclear technology in industry, agriculture, and medicine, the safety issues associated with neutron radiation have become increasingly prominent. Due to their high penetrability and strong ionization effect, neutrons can cause serious health risks by directly damaging DNA or inducing secondary γ radiation. Therefore, the neutron radiation protection has become a core challenge in radiation protection, especially the research and development of neutron shielding materials. To ensure the safe development of nuclear technology, neutron shielding materials are indispensable and constitute a fundamental core technology for radiation protection. This paper reviews the theory of neutron radiation protection and the research progress of neutron shielding materials, with a focus on the current application status and existing problems of neutron shielding materials. This article also discusses the future development trends. This review aims to provide theoretical support and technical references for the safe application and development of nuclear technology.

Spine fracture and dislocation are common traumatic spinal conditions that often require surgical intervention due to compromised spinal stability. Surgical approaches include anterior, posterior, and combined anterior-posterior spinal procedures. According to the specific surgical requirements, patients may be placed in the prone position or repositioned between prone and supine positions during surgery. Intraoperative repositioning has become an essential step in patient positioning. However, during repositioning, patients with spinal fracture and dislocation are at increased risk for complications such as hemodynamic instability, nerve injury, and pressure injuries to the skin and soft tissue. Notably, due to the instability of the spinal cord, even minor manipulations can further exacerbate the damage, potentially leading to severe outcomes like paraplegia. Although the current clinical guidelines provide instructive recommendations for standard position, there remains no specific protocols for intraoperative repositioning in patients with spine fracture and dislocation. With a concern for the lack of clinical studies on positioning techniques, risk prevention, and operational norms for special patients, no applicable guidelines or standards are available. A consensus was required to provide clinical reference, meet the requirements of surgical treatment, and minimize the safety risks of patients caused by improper placement of positions. Professional Committee of Operating Room Nursing of Shaanxi Nursing Association organized experts in nursing management and operating room nursing from major hospitals across China to formulate Expert consensus on intraoperative repositioning for patients with spinal fracture and dislocation ( version 2025). The consensus provides 11 recommendations covering pre-repositioning preparation, intraoperative maneuvers, and post-repositioning observation, aiming to provide references for clinical standardization of the intraoperative repositioning process and protection of patients′ safety.

Objective:To explore the impact of age on the genetic variant spectrum and prognosis of patients with previously untreated Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and follow-up information of 254 previously untreated DLBCL patients from 14 hospitals in the Jiangsu Cooperative Lymphoma Group (JCLG) enrolled from July 2018 and July 2023. Following extraction of DNA from tumor tissue samples, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique was employed to analyze the genetic variant spectrum of the DLBCL patients, with an evaluation of the relationship between age and genetic variants as well as prognosis. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (Ethics No.: 2023-K048-01).Results:The median age of the 254 DLBCL patients was 62 years old, with 55% of patients aged 60 years or above. Clinical evaluation showed that younger (< 60 years) patients had higher complete response (CR) (70% vs. 59%), and objective response rate (ORR) (88% vs. 79%) than older patients, though the difference between the two groups was not statistically. Survival analysis indicated that both the five-year overall survival (OS) (82.7% vs. 71.7%, P=0.006) and progression-free survival (PFS) (70.6% vs. 50.2%, P<0.05) rates were significantly higher in younger patients. NGS showed that 99.6% of the patients harbored genetic variants, with PIM1, KMT2D, TP53, MYD88, and CD79B being the most common genes. Age significantly affected the variant frequency of certain genes, with MYC variants serving an adverse prognostic factor for OS in younger patients ( P=0.001), while TP53 ( P=0.024) and BCL2 ( P=0.002) variants significantly impacted OS in older patients. Prognostic analysis identified age ≥ 60 years ( HR=3.439, 95% CI=1.318~9.874), presence of B symptoms ( HR = 2.871, 95% CI=1.133~7.307), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase ( HR=3.528, 95% CI=1.231~10.66) as independent adverse prognostic factors. Conclusion:Age, genetic variants, and clinical factors may significantly affect the prognosis of the DLBCL patients. Younger patients have better survival compared to older patients. Variants of the MYC, BCL2, and TP53 genes are closely associated with poor prognosis.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of age on the genetic variant spectrum and prognosis of patients with previously untreated Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and follow-up information of 254 previously untreated DLBCL patients from 14 hospitals in the Jiangsu Cooperative Lymphoma Group (JCLG) enrolled from July 2018 and July 2023. Following extraction of DNA from tumor tissue samples, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique was employed to analyze the genetic variant spectrum of the DLBCL patients, with an evaluation of the relationship between age and genetic variants as well as prognosis. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (Ethics No.: 2023-K048-01). RESULTS: The median age of the 254 DLBCL patients was 62 years old, with 55% of patients aged 60 years or above. Clinical evaluation showed that younger (< 60 years) patients had higher complete response (CR) (70% vs. 59%), and objective response rate (ORR) (88% vs. 79%) than older patients, though the difference between the two groups was not statistically. Survival analysis indicated that both the five-year overall survival (OS) (82.7% vs. 71.7%, P = 0.006) and progression-free survival (PFS) (70.6% vs. 50.2%, P < 0.05) rates were significantly higher in younger patients. NGS showed that 99.6% of the patients harbored genetic variants, with PIM1, KMT2D, TP53, MYD88, and CD79B being the most common genes. Age significantly affected the variant frequency of certain genes, with MYC variants serving an adverse prognostic factor for OS in younger patients (P = 0.002), while TP53 (P = 0.024) and BCL2 (P = 0.002) variants significantly impacted OS in older patients. Prognostic analysis identified age ≥ 60 years (HR = 3.439, 95%CI: 1.318~9.874), presence of B symptoms (HR = 2.871, 95%CI = 1.133~7.307), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (HR = 3.528, 95%CI = 1.231~10.66) as independent adverse prognostic factors. CONCLUSION Age, genetic variants, and clinical factors may significantly affect the prognosis of the DLBCL patients. Younger patients have better survival compared to older patients. Variants of the MYC, BCL2, and TP53 genes are closely associated with poor prognosis.
Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis* ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Prognosis ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Genetic Variation

MicroRNA(miRNA),an important type of non-coding RNAs existing widely in viruses and eukaryotes,regulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.Recent studies have demonstrated that plant miRNAs could enter microorganisms,animals and human bodies to affect their physiological and pathological processes by cross-kingdom regulation of gene expression.This review summarized the current knowledge of cross-kingdom regulation of gene expression by plant miRNAs,introduced the research progress in intervention of human diseases with plant miRNAs,including anti-virus,anti-tumor,anti-inflammation,immune regulation,anti-fatigue,anti-fibrosis,vascular protection,nerve protection,etc.,and analyzed the reasons why plant miRNAs remain stable in vivo and in vitro and the underlying mechanisms how they regulate human gene expression.Furthermore,the impact of cross-kingdom regulation by plant miRNAs on exploring new active ingredients of traditional Chinese herbs and elucidating their pharmacology were evaluated.Finally,"constructing the complex regulatory network of traditional Chinese medicine miRNAs in human body"and"exploring new mechanisms of gene expression regulation by traditional Chinese medicine miRNAs"were pointed out,which were two scientific problems worthy of further investigation.

Indwelling urinary catheterization is one of the most widely used invasive procedures in clinical practice, playing a critical role in disease diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. In 2024, the European Association of Urology Nurses (EAUN) released the Best Practice Guidelines for Indwelling Urinary Catheterization in Adults-Transurethral and Suprapubic Catheterization (hereinafter referred to as the Guideline), aiming to provide evidence-based clinical guidance and health education information for healthcare professionals. This article interprets the section on "Nursing Principles" within the Guideline, which spans the entire process of catheter management. Key aspects covered include pre-insertion preparation, catheter insertion procedure, catheter maintenance and securement, observation of urine color, prevention of constipation, and catheter removal. The aim is to help urology nurses and related healthcare personnel gain an in-depth understanding of the recommendations in the Guideline, promote its standardized application in clinical practice, improve the quality of indwelling catheter care, and ensure patient safety.

MicroRNA(miRNA),an important type of non-coding RNAs existing widely in viruses and eukaryotes,regulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.Recent studies have demonstrated that plant miRNAs could enter microorganisms,animals and human bodies to affect their physiological and pathological processes by cross-kingdom regulation of gene expression.This review summarized the current knowledge of cross-kingdom regulation of gene expression by plant miRNAs,introduced the research progress in intervention of human diseases with plant miRNAs,including anti-virus,anti-tumor,anti-inflammation,immune regulation,anti-fatigue,anti-fibrosis,vascular protection,nerve protection,etc.,and analyzed the reasons why plant miRNAs remain stable in vivo and in vitro and the underlying mechanisms how they regulate human gene expression.Furthermore,the impact of cross-kingdom regulation by plant miRNAs on exploring new active ingredients of traditional Chinese herbs and elucidating their pharmacology were evaluated.Finally,"constructing the complex regulatory network of traditional Chinese medicine miRNAs in human body"and"exploring new mechanisms of gene expression regulation by traditional Chinese medicine miRNAs"were pointed out,which were two scientific problems worthy of further investigation.

Indwelling urinary catheterization is one of the most widely used invasive procedures in clinical practice, playing a critical role in disease diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. In 2024, the European Association of Urology Nurses (EAUN) released the Best Practice Guidelines for Indwelling Urinary Catheterization in Adults-Transurethral and Suprapubic Catheterization (hereinafter referred to as the Guideline), aiming to provide evidence-based clinical guidance and health education information for healthcare professionals. This article interprets the section on "Nursing Principles" within the Guideline, which spans the entire process of catheter management. Key aspects covered include pre-insertion preparation, catheter insertion procedure, catheter maintenance and securement, observation of urine color, prevention of constipation, and catheter removal. The aim is to help urology nurses and related healthcare personnel gain an in-depth understanding of the recommendations in the Guideline, promote its standardized application in clinical practice, improve the quality of indwelling catheter care, and ensure patient safety.

Spine fracture and dislocation are common traumatic spinal conditions that often require surgical intervention due to compromised spinal stability. Surgical approaches include anterior, posterior, and combined anterior-posterior spinal procedures. According to the specific surgical requirements, patients may be placed in the prone position or repositioned between prone and supine positions during surgery. Intraoperative repositioning has become an essential step in patient positioning. However, during repositioning, patients with spinal fracture and dislocation are at increased risk for complications such as hemodynamic instability, nerve injury, and pressure injuries to the skin and soft tissue. Notably, due to the instability of the spinal cord, even minor manipulations can further exacerbate the damage, potentially leading to severe outcomes like paraplegia. Although the current clinical guidelines provide instructive recommendations for standard position, there remains no specific protocols for intraoperative repositioning in patients with spine fracture and dislocation. With a concern for the lack of clinical studies on positioning techniques, risk prevention, and operational norms for special patients, no applicable guidelines or standards are available. A consensus was required to provide clinical reference, meet the requirements of surgical treatment, and minimize the safety risks of patients caused by improper placement of positions. Professional Committee of Operating Room Nursing of Shaanxi Nursing Association organized experts in nursing management and operating room nursing from major hospitals across China to formulate Expert consensus on intraoperative repositioning for patients with spinal fracture and dislocation ( version 2025). The consensus provides 11 recommendations covering pre-repositioning preparation, intraoperative maneuvers, and post-repositioning observation, aiming to provide references for clinical standardization of the intraoperative repositioning process and protection of patients′ safety.