Background At present, the treatment of silicosis is still limited, and no method is available to cure the disease. miRNAs are involved in the process of fibrosis at the transcriptional level by directly degrading target gene mRNA or inhibiting its translation. However, how miR-130a-3p regulates silicosis fibrosis has not been fully elucidated yet. Objective To investigate whether miR-130a-3p promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors gamma (PPAR-γ), thereby pro-moting the process of silicotic fibrosis. To identify effective new targets for the treatment of silicotic fibrosis. Methods (1) Animal experiments: C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally injected with a one-time dose of 10 mg silica suspension (dissolved in 100 μL saline) as positive lung exposure. A silicosis model group was established 28 d after the exposure. A control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline into the trachea. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Sirius red staining were used to observe the pathological changes and collagen deposition in lung tissues respectively. Realtime fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assay the expression of miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA in lung tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of PPAR-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Collagen Ⅰ in lung tissues. (2) Cells experiments: Mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) were induced with 5 µg·L⁻¹ TGF-β1 for different time (0, 12, 24, 48 h). RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA in cells. The binding relationship between miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. MLE-12 cells were stimulated by 5 µg·L⁻¹ TGF-β1 after transfection of miR-130a-3p inhibitor, and Western blotting was used to measure the protein expression of PPAR-γ, E-cadherin, and α-SMA in the TGF-β1-induced cells. Results In the silicosis model group, the alveolar septum was widened and the pulmonary nodules were formed. The Sirius red staining collagen deposition in pulmonary nodules indicated that a silicosis fibrosis model was successfully established. The expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and Collagen Ⅰ proteins were increased, and the expressions of E-cadherin and PPAR-γ proteins were decreased in lung tissues of the silicosis group, compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of miR-130a-3p was increased and the expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was decreased in lung tissues of the silicosis model (P<0.01). The expression of miR-130a-3p was significantly increased, while the expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was decreased in the TGF-β1 induced MLE-12 cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The dual luciferase reporter assay showed a direct relationship between miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA in MLE-12 cells. The transfection of miR-130a-3p inhibitor in the TGF-β1 induced MLE-12 cells inhibited the decrease of PPAR-γ and E-cadherin proteins, and the increase of α-SMA protein in the MLE-12 cells induced by TGF-β1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion miR-130a-3p promotes the development of silicosis fibrosis by targeting PPAR-γ to increase pulmonary EMT.

In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Kochiae Fructus has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， distribution of production areas， quality specification， taste and efficacy， harvesting time， processing and compatibility taboo， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of related famous classical formulas. According to the investigation， it can be seen that Difuzi was first published in Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic， and has been used as the official name throughout history. It is also known by other names such as Dimai， Dikui， and Luozhou. The mainstream source of Difuzi in materia medica throughout history is the dried ripe fruit of Kochia scoparia， which is consistent throughout history. In the Han dynasty， it was recorded that Kochiae Fructus was produced in Jingzhou（Hubei province）， while modern literature records its distribution throughout the country， so it does not have obvious geoherbalism. The harvesting period of Kochiae Fructus is mostly in the late autumn， and the quality is best when it is full， gray green in color， and no impurities. There are two processing methods for its origin：from the Southern and Northern dynasties to the Ming dynasty， it was dried in the shade， and after the founding of the People's Republic of China， it was dried in the sun. There are few records about the processing of Kochiae Fructus， and its clinical application is mostly based on raw products as medicine. The seedlings are harvested in February of the lunar calendar， and the leaves are taken in April and May， processing in the place of origin is shade drying， the processing methods include burning ash and frying frost， pounding juice and wine soaking. For internal use， it is mostly decocted or mashed， while for external use， it is mostly washed with decoction or taken in a soup bath. Throughout history， it has been recorded that Kochiae Fructus is bitter and cold， and is mainly used for treating bladder fever. After the founding of the People's Republic of China， most of the literature classified it as damp-clearing medicine. Since the 1985 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， it has been recorded that Kochiae Fructus has a pungent and bitter taste， and a cold nature. Returning to the kidney and bladder meridians with functions of clearing heat and dampness， dispelling wind and relieving itching. The clinical contraindications are mainly prohibited for those with deficiency and no dampness and heat. Throughout history， it has been recorded that the taste of the seedlings and leaves is bitter and cold for treatment of dysentery. Since modern times， it has been used to regulate the liver， spleen and large intestine meridians， with functions such as clearing heat and detoxifying， and diuresis. Based on the textual research， it is recommended to use the dried ripe fruit of K. scoparia when developing the famous classical formulas containing Kochiae Fructus， and processing shall be carried out according to the original processing requirements. If the original formula does not specify the processing requirements， the raw products is taken into medicine.

In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Cnidii Fructus has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， distribution of production areas， quality specification， nature and flavour， efficacy， harvesting and processing， compatibility taboo and others， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of the relevant famous classical formulas. After textual research， it can be verified that Cnidii Fructus was first published in Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic， the materia medica of all dynasties was named Shechuangzi， and there are also aliases such as Shesu， Shemi， and Qiangmi. The main source for generations was the dried ripe fruit of Cnidium monnieri， and ancient and modern consistent. From the Eastern Han dynasty to Tang dynasty， the origin of Cnidii Fructus was Zibo， Shandong province. During the Five dynasties， it expanded to Yangzhou in Jiangsu province and Xiangyang in Hubei province， the Song dynasty added Shangqiu in Henan province， and it was considered that Yangzhou， Xiangyang and Shangqiu were its genuine producing areas. It was more widely distributed in Ming and Qing dynasties. After the founding of the People's Republic of China， the origin is clearly distributed throughout the country. For its quality evaluation， generally full grain， gray yellow color， strong aroma is the best. The harvesting period in the past dynasties was mostly the fifth lunar month， and the fruit was collected to remove impurities and dry. The mainstream processing in producing area of the past dynasties was net selection of raw products， mixing and steaming with the juice of Rehmanniae Radix and stir-frying were the mainstream processing methods in the past， there were also stir-frying with honey， stir-frying with salt and rice wine， immersing and steaming with rice wine and other methods. In recent times， it has been used in raw products as medicine. Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic recorded Cnidii Fructus was bitter， Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians recorded its acrid for the first time. It was recorded in the Ming dynasty that its nature was warm， acted on the kidney meridian， and had small toxicity. After the founding of the People's Republic of China， most of the literature classified it as a medicine to attack poison， kill insects and relieve itching with the functions of dispelling pathogenic wind and removing dampness， destroying parasites and elieving itching， warming kidney and activating Yang. Clinical contraindications are mainly contraindicated for people with damp-heat from the lower-jiao or kidney heat. Based on the textual research， it is suggested that when developing the famous classical formulas containing Cnidii Fructus， the source shall be the dried ripe fruit of C. monnieri， and then it shall be processed according to the original formulas. If there is no requirement for processing in the formulas， the raw products can be taken into medicine.

In this paper， by consulting the ancient and modern literature， the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing， and others of the original animal and medicinal materials of Moschus were systematically sorted out and verified， in order to provide the basis for the development and utilization of the famous classical formulas containing Moschus. According to the textual research， musk deer was first recorded in Shanhaijing. Shennong Bencaojing was recorded as Moschus and all generations were used as the correct name， but there were also aliases such as Shefu， Xiangzhang and Xiangqizi. In ancient times， Moschus berezovskii， M. sifanicus and M. moschiferus were the main sources of Moschus， and the quality of Moschus produced in northwest China was better than that produced in the Yangtze River basin. In modern times， Moschus of M. moschiferus produced in northeast China， M. sifanicus produced in Gansu， Sichuan and other places， and M. berezovskii produced in Ningxia， Shaanxi and other places are regarded as genuine. In ancient times， gunshots， lassoes， arrow shots and other methods were generally used to hunt live musk deer， and the sachets were immediately cut off. Those with high quality were called Xiangshanhuo， and dried in the shade after harvesting， which was known as Maoke Shexiang. Cut open the sachet， remove the shell and dry preservation， commonly known as Moschus kernel. In modern times， the method of taking Moschus from the living body of cultured musk deer is adopted， that is， Moschus kernel is directly taken from its sachet， dried in the shade or dried in a closed dryer. This method realizes the sustainable utilization of Chinese herbal medicine resources， but attention should be paid to the frequency and quality of Moschus. The harvesting time is mostly after the autumnal equinox every year， and before the next summer， it is better to gather sachet in winter. In recent times， it is believed that the shell Moschus is dry， full， thin， elastic， loose inside， many particles， strong and persistent aroma for the best， while the Moschus kernel is particle purple-black， powder yellow-brown， soft and oily texture， strong and persistent aroma for the best. The ancient processing method of Moschus was extracting kernels from the shell. After removing impurities， it is ground and used as medicine. Because its composition is not suitable for heating， the processing method is most common in preparations such as grinding into powder and putting into pills or powders， which has the effect of opening up the orifices and refreshing the mind， and it has continued to this day. Based on the research conclusions， it is suggested that the development of famous classical formulas containing Moschus， M. sifanicus， M. moschiferus and M. berezovskii should be used as the origins. According to the processing requirements specified in the original formula， it should be processed and used as medicine， while those without processing requirements should be used as raw products.

Human parvovirus B19 (HPVB19) belongs to Parvoviridae, a genus of erythrovirus, and has been associated with various human diseases, and HPVB19 infection is one of the most important causes of refractory anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This study retrospectively analyzed 24 patients with HSCT combined with HPVB19 infection to collate and summarize the clinical presentation, treatment, and regression of patients with combined HPVB19 infection after allo-HSCT and provide experience in the management of HPVB19 infection after allo-HSCT. The median age of the patients with HPVB19 infection was 25 years, and the median time of infection occurrence was +107 days after transplantation, and 22 (91.7% ) had anemia with a median hemoglobin (HGB) level of 77.5 (46-149) g/L, and 13 (54.2% ) had new-onset anemia or persistent decline in HGB. The median length of hospital stay was 19 days. Among patients with new-onset anemia or persistent decline in HGB, the mean increase in HGB after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and/or antiviral therapy was 15.69 g/L, and treatment was effective in 10 (76.92% ) patients. HPVB19 infection should be alerted to the development of refractory anemia after HSCT; despite the lack of specific treatment, the overall prognosis of HPVB19-infected patients is good.

Objective:To analyze the immune microenvironment characteristics of human dental follicle tissues from the third molars and to explore the mutual communication and the effects of innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells within the dental follicle.Methods:Sequencing data(GSA-Human:HRA008022)in the GSA database were analyzed.Bioinformatics tools were employed for gene identification and GO enrichment analysis was performed to define the biological function of innate and adaptive immune cells.CellChat analysis was used for explaining intercellular communication among immune cell populations.Results:Using t-SNE dimen-sionality reduction analysis for immune cell populations,innate immune cell populations were obtained,including innate lymphoid cells,dendritic cells,mast cells and macrophages,and adaptive immune cell populations including T cells and B cells.Pearson corre-lation analysis showed that innate immune cells,specifically innate lymphoid cells and macrophages,had a strong correlation with adap-tive immune cell populations.GO enrichment analysis revealed mutual coordination among innate immune cell populations and regulato-ry effects on adaptive immune cell populations.Further CellChat analysis indicated biological signal transmission between innate and a-daptive immune cell populations,with CLEC,MIF,ADGRE5,COLLAGEN and MIF signaling pathways is the most significant.Con-clusion:Dental follicle tissues are rich in immune cells and innate immune cell populations interact with adaptive immune cells to regulate immune responses and participate in maintaining the homeostasis of dental follicle.

Objective To establish the rapid identification method of Hedysari Radix wild and cultivated products by integrating the identification characteristics of TCM traits obtained by intelligent senses such as electronic nose and colorimeter based on the multivariate statistical analysis method;To provide new ideas and methods for the formulation of commodity specification standards and the application research of market quality control for Hedysari Radix.Methods Totally 29 batches of samples of Hedysari Radix were detected based on colorimeter and electronic nose technology to obtain their sensory information,and the effective components of Hedysari Radix were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and other methods for joint analysis.After establishing the optimal experimental conditions of Hedysari Radix electronic nose,multivariate statistical analysis methods,such as principal component analysis(PCA),orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)and clustering analysis,were used to establish the identification model of Hedysari Radix wild and cultivated commodities.Results The optimum test conditions of Hedysari Radix electronic nose(particle size of 65 mesh):the sample weight was 2.0 g,the optimum temperature of the sample was 50℃,and the time was 25 min.A single intelligent sensory result could not quickly and accurately identify the two,but the fusion information could quickly identify the wild and cultivated commodities of Hedysari Radix,and the chemical composition had a certain correlation with the color and taste.Conclusion Electronic nose and colorimeter can quickly and accurately distinguish wild and cultivated Hedysari Radix after multivariate statistical analysis,which is simple and feasible.The combined analysis of its related properties and active components can be used for the quality evaluation of Hedysari Radix.

By consulting the ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Pharbitidis Semen has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， distribution of production areas， quality specification， harvesting， processing and so on， so as to provide reference for the development and utilization of the relevant famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it can be seen that Pharbitidis Semen was first published in Mingyi Bielu（《名医别录》）， and all dynasties have taken Qianniuzi as the correct name. Based on the original research， the main source of Pharbitidis Semen used in previous dynasties is the dried mature seeds of Pharbitis nil， which is consistent in ancient and modern times. The white Pharbitidis Semen appearing in Compendium of Materia Medica（《本草纲目》） from Ming dynasty is similar to the present P. purpurea. It is produced all over the country， and the quality is better if the particles are full and free of impurities. In ancient times， the harvesting time was mostly in the September. Now it is autumn. The fruits are ripe and harvested， dried to remove impurities for standby. In ancient times， the processing methods of Pharbitidis Semen were mainly wine steaming， steaming and frying until half cooked and grinding the head and end. In modern times， they have been simplified to stir-frying method. The nature， taste， meridian tropism and their effects also change supplements with the deepening of practice. Before the Ming dynasty， they were all bitter， cold and toxic. In the Ming dynasty， there appeared the characteristics of pungent， hot and small poisonous. The efficacy has evolved from controlling low Qi， curing foot edema， removing wind toxin， and facilitating urination to facilitating water and defecation， eliminating phlegm and drinking， and eliminating accumulated insects. The main clinical contraindications are those with weak spleen and kidney， those with weak spleen and stomach， pregnant women， and should not be used with croton and croton cream. Based on the textual research， it is suggested that when developing the classic famous formula with Pharbitidis Semen as the main raw material in the future， it is clear that the source should be the dried mature seeds of Pharbitis nil（black product is its black-brown seeds， white product is its beige seeds）. The processing requirements indicated in the original formula are all processed according to the requirements， and the raw product is recommended to be used as medicine if not specified.

Objective To predict the potential suitable growth areas of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.under current climate conditions in China;To provide basis for the sustainable utilization of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.resources and production planning.Methods Based on 267 screened species distribution data of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.and 8 environmental factors,the MaxEnt parameters were optimized by the R language kuenm package.The main environmental factors that affect the distribution of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.was analyzed and its potential distribution range was predicted.Results The omission rate of the optimal model operation results was 0.044 8,AICc=6 409.884 5,AUC=0.986,indicating a high accuracy of the model.Based on the contribution rate of environmental factors and the knife cut method,it was indicated that the key environmental factors affecting the current distribution of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.were mainly the average precipitation in July,the average highest temperature in February,the average precipitation in September,the coldest season precipitation,the coefficient of variation of precipitation,the standard deviation of seasonal temperature changes,and the warmest season precipitation.The simulation results showed that the total suitable area for Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.in China under current climate conditions was approximately 221.14×104 km2,concentrated in the central and central southern regions of China.The area of the high suitability zone was approximately 23.13×104 km2;the area of the suitable growth zone was approximately 73.78×104 km2;the area of low suitability zone was approximately 124.22×104 km2.Conclusion This study provides a basis and reference for the artificial cultivation planning and sustainable utilization of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.resources.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between liver stiffness and histopathological changes in a rat model of acute hepatitis using virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ) technology.Methods:A total of 100 SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control ( n=30), low-dose ( n=35), and high-dose ( n=35) groups. Acute hepatitis models were induced in the low-dose and high-dose groups using 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of Thioacetamide (TAA), respectively. Liver stiffness parameters of the right median lobe and right lobe were measured using VTIQ technology, Mean-H and Mean-L represent the liver lobes with higher and lower liver stiffness measurments, respectively, while Mean represent the average of the measurements from both liver lobes. Comparative analyses of liver stiffness parameters were performed across three groups and between the two lobes of the liver. The correlations between the Mean values of liver stiffness and semi-quantitative histopathological data were investigated. Ten rats were randomly selected from each of the 3 groups to test the repeatability of VTIQ values before and after euthanasia with intraperitoneal anesthesia. Subsequently, 10 rats after euthanasia from each 3 group were randomly chosen to assess the repeatability of VTIQ measurements for inter-observer and intra-observer variabilities. Results:VTIQ results showed statistically significant differences in Mean, Mean-H, and Mean-L among the 3 groups (all P<0.01). The high-dose group had higher measurements compared to the low-dose and control groups, with significant intergroup differences (all P<0.01). Significant differences in Mean-H and Mean-L were observed between the two liver lobes in both low and high-dose groups (all P<0.01). The Mean value showed significant positive correlations with semi-quantitative histopathological data of hepatocellular edema, periportal inflammatory cell infiltration, macrophage proliferation, and bile duct proliferation ( r=0.391, 0.648, 0.577, 0.542; all P<0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that hepatocellular edema, eosinophilic change, and bile duct proliferation significantly and positively predicted the Mean value (β=-0.278, -0.196, -0.333; all P<0.05). There were no significant differences of VTIQ measurements befor and after euthanasia (all P>0.05), with repeatability coefficients of 0.166, 0.182, 0.185 for Mean, Mean-H, and Mean-L, respectively. Post-euthanasia, inter- and intra-observer VTIQ differences remained non-significant (all P>0.05), with Mean, Mean-H, Mean-L coefficients of 0.114, 0.194, 0.165 and 0.206, 0.322, 0.268, respectively. Conclusions:VTIQ technology demonstrates potential clinical value in assessing a rat model of acute hepatitis, offering a new perspective for non-invasive evaluation of acute hepatitis. However, its clinical application requires further validation.