ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Shenqi Jianxin Formula （参芪健心方） in the treatment of chronic heart failure （CHF） from the perspective of regulating mitochondrial autophagy via the PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1）/E3 ubiquitin ligase （Parkin） pathway. MethodsMale SD rats were subjected to abdominal aortic constriction to establish the CHF model. Twenty-four successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group， sacubitril/valsartan group， and low- and high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula groups， with 6 rats in each group. Six other rats were set as the sham surgery group， which were only separated the abdominal aorta and then closed the abdomen. Rats in the low-dose and high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula groups were given intragastric administration of Shenqi Jianxin Formula suspension at doses of 4.41 g/（kg·d） and 17.64 g/（kg·d）， respectively； the sacubitril/valsartan group received intragastric administration of sacubitril/valsartan sodium tablet suspension at 10 mg/（kg·d）； the sham surgery group and the model group were given normal saline at 10 ml/（kg·d） via intragastric gavage. The intervention lasted for 4 consecutive weeks. Cardiac function indices including left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS） were detected， and serum brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） content was measured. HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe myocardial histopathological changes. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to examine the ultrastructure of cardiac tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Rt-qPCR） was performed to determine the mRNA expressions of PINK1/Parkin pathway-related factors and autophagy-associated proteins including Beclin-1， p62， and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3） in myocardial tissues. ResultsCompared with the sham surgery group， the model group showed significant decreases in LVEF and LVFS levels， an increase in serum BNP content， down-regulated mRNA and protein expressions of PINK1， Parkin and Beclin-1 in cardiac tissues， up-regulated mRNA and protein expressions of p62， as well as significant reductions in LC3B mRNA expression， phosphorylated PTEN-induced kinase 1 （p-PINK1） and phosphorylated E3 ubiquitin ligase （p-Parkin） protein levels， and the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅰ （LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ） （P＜0.05）. Pathological results revealed obvious myocardial cell edema， necrosis and degeneration， increased disorder of myocardial fiber arrangement， extensive inflammatory cell infiltration， moderate to severe mitochondrial swelling， a few mitochondrial vacuolar changes， and no obvious autophagy in the field of vision in the model group. Compared with the model group， all the above indicators were significantly improved in the high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula group and the sacubitril/valsartan group （P＜0.05）. Moreover， the improvement of each index in the high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula group was superior to that in the low-dose group （P＜0.05）. In the high-dose Shenqi Jianxin Formula group， myocardial myofibrils were arranged regularly with orderly orientation， the striated structure was clear， and necrotic cells significantly reduced. ConclusionShenqi Jianxin Formula can activate the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in myocardial tissues， enhance mitochondrial autophagy， and clear dysfunctional mitochondria， thereby improving cardiac function and delaying the progression of CHF.

Objective:To observe the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at different frequencies on cognitive impairment due to high-altitude hypoxia.Methods:Sixty officers and soldiers displaying cognitive impairment in a hypoxic high-altitude environment were randomly divided into 15Hz, 20Hz and 25Hz groups, each of 20. They were given rTMS at those frequencies for 30 days. Before the stimulation and after 15 and 30 days, event-related potentials, latencies of mismatched negativity (MMN) and P300 signals were recorded. The participants′ cognition was also evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Correlation between the electrophysiological indexes and the MoCA scores was computed.Results:After 15 days, all had shorter MMN latencies, higher total MoCA scores and better memory scores. The only significant difference among the three groups was in the average memory scores. After 15 days, MMN latency was significantly negatively correlated with the memory scores in all three groups ( r=0.44 to -0.54). Conclusions:rTMS at frequencies above 15Hz can effectively relieve cognitive impairment, especially memory dysfunction, resulting from high-altitude hypoxia.

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate whether intra-articular delivery of conditioned medium(CM)derived from stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED)could influence the progression of condylar cartilage degeneration in a rat model of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ OA).Methods:Sixty 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(CON group),intraarticular injection of MIA induced TMJ OA model group(MIA group),and injection of SHED condi-tioned medium 1 week after MIA modeling for treatment group(SHED-CM group),with 20 animals in each group.Histological sec-tions,HE,Safranine O-solid green staining,Col Ⅱ immunohistochemical staining,and TUNEL staining were performed 2 and 4 weeks after the start of treatment.Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to detect the key molecules of apoptosis,cleaved-CASP3,BAX and BCL2,pro-inflammatory related factors IL-1β,IL-6,TNFα,MMP3,ADAMTS5,and the MAPK pathway-related molecules p-ERK,ERK,p-P38 and P38.Results:Compared with the CON group and SHED-CM group,the condyle chondrocytes in the MIA group had disordered arrange-ment,interrupted layers,significantly thickened fibrous layers(P＜0.001),and significantly increased Mankin's OA histological score(P＜0.001).In the MIA group,both the Safranin O-positive area ratio and the proportion of ColⅡ-positive regions were markedly reduced compared with the CON and SHED-CM groups(P＜0.001).Conversely,the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells was substantially higher than in the other two groups(both P＜0.001).Western blot analysis further demonstrated that apoptotic markers(cleaved-CASP3,BAX/BCL2)and MAPK pathway-related proteins(p-ERK,ERK,p-P38,P38)were expressed at significantly elevated levels in the MIA group relative to CON and SHED-CM groups(BAX/BCL2:P＜0.05;cleaved-CASP3:P＜0.01;p-P38/P38:P＜0.001;p-ERK/ERK:P＜0.01).Similarly,qRT-PCR revealed upregulated expression of inflammatory mediators,including IL-1 β(P＜0.001),IL-6(P＜0.01),TNFα(P＜0.01),MMP3(P＜0.001),and ADAMTS5(P＜0.05),in the MIA group compared with the CON and SHED-CM groups.Conclusion:SHED-CM treatment can ef-fectively reverse MIA-induced condylar cartilage degeneration of TMJ OA in rats.

Objective To understand the serologic prevalence and infection status of Cytomegalovirus(CMV)in children aged 0～1 years,and explore the risk factors of CMV infection for clinical reference.Methods The data of 4 938 children aged 0～1 years who underwent chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for TORCH in Department of Inpatient and Department of Pediatrics Outpatient of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Inner Mongolia from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed to understand the seroprevalence of human CMV(HCMV)among children in the region,and analyzed the risk factors associated with HCMV infections by combining the results of laboratory tests and clinical information.Results In 4 938 children,the total antibody positivity rate was 94.01%(4 642/4 938),the total IgG antibody positivity rate was 93.86%(4 635/4 938),the total IgM antibody positivity rate was 8.10%(400/4 938),and the positive rate of the two simultaneous detections was 7.96%(393/4 938).The difference in HCMV-IgG and HCMV-IgM antibodies positivity rates beteen different age groups were statistically significant(χ2=36.350,1 043.199,all P<0.05),and the differences in HCMV-IgG and IgM antibodies between boys and girls were not statistically significant(χ2=0.215,1.184,all P＞0.05).According to univariate analysis,the breast-feeding and vaginal delivery rates in the infected group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences in feeding and birth methods were statistically significant(χ2=10.777,5.725,all P<0.05).Multifactorial analysis found that breast-feeding and transvaginal delivery were independent risk factors for HCMV infection,and the differences was statistically significant(Wald χ2=6.247,10.057,all P<0.05).Conclusion The serologic antibody positivity rate of HCMV in children within 1 year of age is as high as 94.01%,and infants aged 3 months to 6 months are most susceptible to infection.Breastfeeding and transvaginal delivery are independent risk factors for HCMV infection in children within 1 year of age.

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate whether intra-articular delivery of conditioned medium(CM)derived from stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED)could influence the progression of condylar cartilage degeneration in a rat model of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ OA).Methods:Sixty 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(CON group),intraarticular injection of MIA induced TMJ OA model group(MIA group),and injection of SHED condi-tioned medium 1 week after MIA modeling for treatment group(SHED-CM group),with 20 animals in each group.Histological sec-tions,HE,Safranine O-solid green staining,Col Ⅱ immunohistochemical staining,and TUNEL staining were performed 2 and 4 weeks after the start of treatment.Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to detect the key molecules of apoptosis,cleaved-CASP3,BAX and BCL2,pro-inflammatory related factors IL-1β,IL-6,TNFα,MMP3,ADAMTS5,and the MAPK pathway-related molecules p-ERK,ERK,p-P38 and P38.Results:Compared with the CON group and SHED-CM group,the condyle chondrocytes in the MIA group had disordered arrange-ment,interrupted layers,significantly thickened fibrous layers(P＜0.001),and significantly increased Mankin's OA histological score(P＜0.001).In the MIA group,both the Safranin O-positive area ratio and the proportion of ColⅡ-positive regions were markedly reduced compared with the CON and SHED-CM groups(P＜0.001).Conversely,the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells was substantially higher than in the other two groups(both P＜0.001).Western blot analysis further demonstrated that apoptotic markers(cleaved-CASP3,BAX/BCL2)and MAPK pathway-related proteins(p-ERK,ERK,p-P38,P38)were expressed at significantly elevated levels in the MIA group relative to CON and SHED-CM groups(BAX/BCL2:P＜0.05;cleaved-CASP3:P＜0.01;p-P38/P38:P＜0.001;p-ERK/ERK:P＜0.01).Similarly,qRT-PCR revealed upregulated expression of inflammatory mediators,including IL-1 β(P＜0.001),IL-6(P＜0.01),TNFα(P＜0.01),MMP3(P＜0.001),and ADAMTS5(P＜0.05),in the MIA group compared with the CON and SHED-CM groups.Conclusion:SHED-CM treatment can ef-fectively reverse MIA-induced condylar cartilage degeneration of TMJ OA in rats.

Objective To understand the serologic prevalence and infection status of Cytomegalovirus(CMV)in children aged 0～1 years,and explore the risk factors of CMV infection for clinical reference.Methods The data of 4 938 children aged 0～1 years who underwent chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for TORCH in Department of Inpatient and Department of Pediatrics Outpatient of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Inner Mongolia from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed to understand the seroprevalence of human CMV(HCMV)among children in the region,and analyzed the risk factors associated with HCMV infections by combining the results of laboratory tests and clinical information.Results In 4 938 children,the total antibody positivity rate was 94.01%(4 642/4 938),the total IgG antibody positivity rate was 93.86%(4 635/4 938),the total IgM antibody positivity rate was 8.10%(400/4 938),and the positive rate of the two simultaneous detections was 7.96%(393/4 938).The difference in HCMV-IgG and HCMV-IgM antibodies positivity rates beteen different age groups were statistically significant(χ2=36.350,1 043.199,all P<0.05),and the differences in HCMV-IgG and IgM antibodies between boys and girls were not statistically significant(χ2=0.215,1.184,all P＞0.05).According to univariate analysis,the breast-feeding and vaginal delivery rates in the infected group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences in feeding and birth methods were statistically significant(χ2=10.777,5.725,all P<0.05).Multifactorial analysis found that breast-feeding and transvaginal delivery were independent risk factors for HCMV infection,and the differences was statistically significant(Wald χ2=6.247,10.057,all P<0.05).Conclusion The serologic antibody positivity rate of HCMV in children within 1 year of age is as high as 94.01%,and infants aged 3 months to 6 months are most susceptible to infection.Breastfeeding and transvaginal delivery are independent risk factors for HCMV infection in children within 1 year of age.

Objective:To observe the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at different frequencies on cognitive impairment due to high-altitude hypoxia.Methods:Sixty officers and soldiers displaying cognitive impairment in a hypoxic high-altitude environment were randomly divided into 15Hz, 20Hz and 25Hz groups, each of 20. They were given rTMS at those frequencies for 30 days. Before the stimulation and after 15 and 30 days, event-related potentials, latencies of mismatched negativity (MMN) and P300 signals were recorded. The participants′ cognition was also evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Correlation between the electrophysiological indexes and the MoCA scores was computed.Results:After 15 days, all had shorter MMN latencies, higher total MoCA scores and better memory scores. The only significant difference among the three groups was in the average memory scores. After 15 days, MMN latency was significantly negatively correlated with the memory scores in all three groups ( r=0.44 to -0.54). Conclusions:rTMS at frequencies above 15Hz can effectively relieve cognitive impairment, especially memory dysfunction, resulting from high-altitude hypoxia.

Objective:To investigate the effects of intra-articular injection of exosomes derived from dental pulp stem cells from hu-man exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED-EXO)on subchondral bone homeostasis in rat temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJ OA)process.Methods:36 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=12):control(CON),sodium iodoacetate(MIA)-induced TMJ OA(MIA),and SHED-EXO injection into TMJ OA(SHED-EXO)groups.At 2 and 6 weeks post-treatment,Micro-CT,Double labeling,TRAP staining,and immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the subchondral bone.Additionally,the mRNA expression levels of ADAMTs5,IL-1β,OCN and OPG/RANKL were analyzed by qRT-PCR.Results:The MIA group exhibited significant bone loss and an enlarged bone marrow cavity.In comparison with the CON group,BV/TV and Tb.Th were lower(P＜0.001),while BS/BV,Tb.Sp,and Tb.N were higher(P＜0.01).Additionally,the bone formation rate within 5 days was low-er than that of the control group(P＜0.001).When compared to the MIA group,the SHED-EXO group showed a significant increase in bone morphology and bone mass.BV/TV and Tb.Th were increased(P＜0.01),while BS/BV,Tb.Sp and Tb.N were decreased(P＜0.05).The bone formation rate was higher(P＜0.01).Compared with both the control and treatment groups,the MIA group exhibited a significant increase in the number of osteoclasts in the subchondral bone(P＜0.01),along with a notable decrease in H-type blood vessels and OCN-positive areas(P＜0.01).Conclusion:Intra-articular injection of SHED-EXO can reg-ulate condylar subchondral bone homeostasis in TMJ OA of rats by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclasts.

Objective To observe the effect of risperidone combined with clozapine in the treatment of vagrants with schizophrenia and its influence on social function of the patients.Methods Eighty patients with vagrant schizophrenia were selected as the study objects by a prospective randomized controlled trial,and were randomly divided into control group(40 cases)and observation group(40 cases).The control group was treated with risperidone,and the observation group was treated with risperidone and clozapine.Both groups received continuous treatment for 8 weeks.The clinical effects of the two groups were observed.The activities of daily living,rehabilitation[Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Efficacy Rating Scale(IPROS)score],social function,myocardial enzyme profile[lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB)]in the two groups before treatment and eight weeks after treatment were compared.The adverse reactions of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results The total effective rate of treatment in the obser-vation group was higher than that of the control group(90.00％versus 72.50％,P＜0.05).After eight weeks of treatment,the abilities of daily living and social function of the two groups were stron-ger than before treatment,and the observation group was stronger than the control group.At 8 weeks of treatment,IPROS scores in two groups were lower than before treatment,and observation group was lower than control group(P＜0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,LDH,CK and CK-MB levels in two groups were higher than before treatment(P＜0.05),but there was no statistical significant between-group difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Risperidone combined with clozapine has a significant effect in thetreatment of vagrants with schizophrenia,which can enhance the patients'daily living ability and social ability,improve the rehabilitation status,and does not increase the adverse reactions.

Objective To observe the effect of risperidone combined with clozapine in the treatment of vagrants with schizophrenia and its influence on social function of the patients.Methods Eighty patients with vagrant schizophrenia were selected as the study objects by a prospective randomized controlled trial,and were randomly divided into control group(40 cases)and observation group(40 cases).The control group was treated with risperidone,and the observation group was treated with risperidone and clozapine.Both groups received continuous treatment for 8 weeks.The clinical effects of the two groups were observed.The activities of daily living,rehabilitation[Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Efficacy Rating Scale(IPROS)score],social function,myocardial enzyme profile[lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB)]in the two groups before treatment and eight weeks after treatment were compared.The adverse reactions of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results The total effective rate of treatment in the obser-vation group was higher than that of the control group(90.00％versus 72.50％,P＜0.05).After eight weeks of treatment,the abilities of daily living and social function of the two groups were stron-ger than before treatment,and the observation group was stronger than the control group.At 8 weeks of treatment,IPROS scores in two groups were lower than before treatment,and observation group was lower than control group(P＜0.05).After 8 weeks of treatment,LDH,CK and CK-MB levels in two groups were higher than before treatment(P＜0.05),but there was no statistical significant between-group difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Risperidone combined with clozapine has a significant effect in thetreatment of vagrants with schizophrenia,which can enhance the patients'daily living ability and social ability,improve the rehabilitation status,and does not increase the adverse reactions.