Objective:To understand the status quo of self-regulating fatigue (SRF) in aged patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:This study is a cross-sectional study. From January to June 2022, 310 aged patients undergoing MHD from the blood purification centers of three ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Jinan, Shandong Province, were selected by convenience sampling. Various questionnaires, including the general information questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale (SRF-S), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and 5-Item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5), were used to investigate and analyze the factors influencing self-regulation of fatigue in aged patients undergoing MHD through univariate and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results:The SRF-S score for the aged patients undergoing MHD was (42.26±7.86). The results of the multiple factor analysis showed that family average monthly income, depression, coping style, and self-efficacy were factors influencing SRF in these patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:It is urgent to pay attention to the current status of self-regulation of fatigue in aged patients undergoing MHD and take effective measures to improve their self-efficacy, promote positive coping strategies, alleviate depression, and reduce their level of SRF.

Objective: To understand and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dental caries in children and its effects on jaw function, so as to prevent occurrence of abnormality of jaw function. Methods: In October 2020, 860 cases of children from 5 kindergartens and 3 primary schools in Beijing were selected by adopting the convenience sampling method. All of them received oral examination, and the questionnaire according to the fourth national oral health epidemiological survey standard, including demographic information, eating habits, oral hygiene habits, oral health care,etc. The epidemiological characteristics of dental caries in children and its effects on jaw function were analyzed. Results: A total of 190 children had dental caries, with a dental caries incidence rate of 22.09%. Dental caries in children s deciduous teeth or permanent teeth was related to age, residence, parents education level,whethe to eat before going to bed, whether eating sweet food, tooth brushing age, daily brushing frequency, whether parents have assisted tooth brushing, whether regular oral examination, whether parents have received oral health guidance( χ 2= 5.04 ,4.70，75.37，7.91，12.03，9.30，7.64，255.47，253.27，11.38, P <0.05). Compared with the noncaries group[(81.52±3.16， 80.54± 1.52，1.92±0.25，31.52±1.62，33.63±3.41，50.72±1.68)°], the sella nasion A point(SNA), sella nasion B point(SNB),A point nasion B point(ANB),frankfot horizontal mandibular plane angle(FH MP),skull nasion mandibular plane angle(SN MP),anteriors relationship palataplane mandibular(Ptm ANS) decreased in the dental caries group[(78.62±2.11，79.35±1.02，1.68±0.32，30.69±0.45，32.15±3.02，48.62±1.21)°](t=78.62,79.35,10.94, 30.69, 32.15, 48.62, P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of caries in children was high and jaw structure abnormalities and dysfunction. It is suggested that caries prevention and control work should be carried out early to strengthen the prevention and control of oral disease education work.

Maxillary sinus floor augmentation using lateral window and crestal technique is considered as predictable methods to increase the residual bone height; however, this surgery is commonly complicated by Schneiderian membrane perforation, which is closely related to anatomical factors. This article aimed to assess anatomical factors on successful augmentation procedures. After review of the current evidence on sinus augmentation techniques, anatomical factors related to the stretching potential of Schneiderian membrane were assessed and a decision tree for the rational choice of surgical approaches was proposed. Schneiderian membrane perforation might occur when local tension exceeds its stretching potential, which is closely related to anatomical variations of the maxillary sinus. Choice of a surgical approach and clinical outcomes are influenced by the stretching potential of Schneiderian membrane. In addition to the residual bone height, clinicians should also consider the stretching potential affected by the membrane health condition, the contours of the maxillary sinus, and the presence of antral septa when evaluating the choice of surgical approaches and clinical outcomes.
Sinus Floor Augmentation ; Decision Trees

The glymphatic system is a unique network of the central nervous system that facilitates the removal of metabolic waste from the brain and maintains homeostasis.The glymphatic system is relatively active during sleep,and its physiological function is affected by many factors.The application of non-invasive imaging techniques to evaluate the function of the glymphatic system has promoted the development of clinical studies.More and more studies have demonstrated the association between the function of glymphatic system and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,cerebrovascular diseases and other central nervous system diseases.The glymphatic system is expected to become a novel target for predicting prognosis of central nervous system diseases and clinical effects.

Post-stroke anxiety is one of the most common and important complications in patients with stroke, which can seriously affect the rehabilitation, daily life and work of patients with stroke. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, risk factors and predictors, pathophysiological mechanism, prevention and treatment of post-stroke anxiety.

White matter lesions (WMLs) are the extensive damage of periventricular and subcortical white matter caused by different etiology.Previous studies have shown that WMLs is associated with cognitive function, motor function, mood and urination function.Parkinson disease (PD) is a common chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system.Recently, evidences showed that PD patients have a high susceptibility to WMLs which participates in the progression of motor and cognitive impairment.PD patients have higher risk of WMLs because of cardiovascular autonomic nerve dysfunction, long-term dopamine (DA) treatment and β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) deposition along vessels.Furthermore, recently, more and more evidences showed that WMLs could impact on the motor and cognitive symptoms of PD.WMLs had a significant influence on axial motor symptoms, and was related to executive function, attention, memory, visual-spatial ability and other cognitive impairment.Moreover, the severity of WMLs affects drug and surgical efficacy of patients with PD.Taking active measures to slacken the WMLs progression of PD will contribute to improve symptoms and curative effect.This article summarized the roles of WMLs in the occurrence and development of PD, in order to provide theoretical basis for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of PD.

Stroke-like symptoms and cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel diseases will bring heavy burden to families and society. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of cerebral small vessel diseases are particularly important. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral small vessel diseases.

Objective:To explore the correlation among undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards the aged, family intimacy and sense of meaning in life, so as to provide a reference for improving undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards the aged.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was used to select 385 undergraduate nursing students from 3 universities in Shandong Province as the research objects. The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, Kogan's Attitudes toward Older People Scale (KAOPS) , Family Intimacy Subscale and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) . The correlation among undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards the aged, family intimacy and sense of meaning in life was analyzed by Pearson correlation. The influencing factors of undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards the aged were analyzed by multiple linear regression. In this study, a total of 385 questionnaires were distributed and 348 valid questionnaires were returned with an effective response rate of 90.39%.Results:Among those undergraduate nursing students, the KAOPS total score was (165.58±23.24) , and the Family Intimacy Subscale score was (70.16±9.75) , and the MLQ total score was (52.84±9.58) . The score of Family Intimacy Subscale, the total score and the dimension scores of MLQ were positively correlated with the KAOPS total score and dimension scores of undergraduate nursing students ( r=0.190-0.450; P<0.01) . The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, experience in geriatric nursing practice, willingness to engage in geriatric nursing work, relationship with the aged, family intimacy, and sense of meaning in life were the influencing factors of undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards the aged ( P<0.05) , explaining 30.1% of the total variation. Conclusions:Undergraduate nursing students generally have a positive attitude towards the aged, but there is still room for improvement. In the future, the intervention research on family intimacy and sense of meaning in life of undergraduate nursing students should be strengthened, so as to guide undergraduate nursing students to have a more positive attitude towards the aged and improve the quality of geriatric nursing services.

Objective: To evaluate the 5-year survival and success rates of transplanted autologous teeth with complete root formation. Methods: A total of 32 patients admitted to the hospital for 36 cases of tooth autotransplantation with complete root formation from November 2008 to October 2012 were enrolled in this study. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed during the post-operative follow up periods of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months, respectively. Survival analysis was then conducted and the predictive factors influencing prognosis from the aspects of age, sex and root canal treatment status were investigated. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was adopted for survival analysis and Log-Rank test was used to compare the survival rate and success rate of each single factor. Results: According to each case′s last follow-up, the 5-year survival rate of autotransplanted teeth with complete root formation was 83%. Within these cases, the 5-year success rate of the autotransplanted teeth with no apparent periodontitis or apical periodontitis, and the crown to root ratio being less than 1 was 65%. Factors of age and sex of the patients showed no correlation with the prognosis of autotransplantation (P>0.05). Root canal treatment was crucial in preventing transplanted teeth from apical periodontitis and root resorption, and accordingly increased the success rate (P=0.028) of autotransplantation. Conclusions Autotransplantation with complete root formation has a high 5-year survival rate, and is a viable and alternative method for restoration of tooth loss. Post-operative follow-up should be thoroughly planned and root canal treatment should be performed in order to increase the survival rate and success rates of autotransplantation.