OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of 2-dodecyl-6-methoxy-2，5-diene-1，4-cyclohexanedione （DMDD）， an active component from Averrhoa carambola root， on myocardial injury in diabetic mice based on the nuclear receptor coactivator 4/ferritin heavy chain 1/autophagy-related protein 8 （NCOA4/FTH1/ATG8） axis. METHODS The successfully modeled diabetic mice were randomly divided into model group and DMDD low-， medium-， and high-dose （12.5， 25， 50 mg/kg） groups， while an additional non-modeled control group was established， with 6 mice in each group. Each group received the corresponding drug solution or an equal volume of normal saline intragastically once daily for 21 consecutive days. After the administration， the levels of fasting blood glucose （FBG）， serum lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB （CK-MB） were measured. Myocardial pathological changes， degree of fibrosis， and myocardial cell ultrastructure were observed. Myocardial cell death index and NCOA4 protein positive index were detected. The protein expression levels of NCOA4， FTH1， ATG8， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， and glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） in cardiac tissue were measured. RESULTS Compared with model group， each DMDD group showed significant alleviation of cardiac pathological injury and varying degrees of improvement in the myocardial cell ultrastructure. The FBG and serum LDH and CK-MB levels， the myocardial cell death index and NCOA4 protein positive index，the protein expression levels of NCOA4， FTH1， and ATG8 in cardiac tissue were significantly decreased （ P ＜0.001）， while the protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 were significantly increased （ P ＜0.001）. CONCLUSIONS DMDD can reduce blood glucose levels， alleviate myocardial histopathological injury， and inhibit cell death in diabetic mice. The mechanism is associated with inhibiting excessive activation of the NCOA4/FTH1/ATG8 axis and reducing ferritinophagy.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between color parameters (L^*, a^*, b^*, Eab^*) and the contents of reducing sugars, total polysaccharides, total oligosaccharides, as well as four saccharides (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and kestose) during the nine cycles of steaming and sun-drying processing of Polygonatum kingianum, and to preliminarily explore the optimal processing duration.
Methods: The color changes were objectively evaluated using a colorimeter. The anthrone-sulfuric acid method was employed to determine total polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. The 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) colorimetric method was used to measure total reducing sugar content. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detection (HPLC-CAD) was applied for quantitative analysis of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and kestose. Multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to assess samples from different processing stages.
Results: Significant variations in color and component contents were observed across processing stages. The herbal pieces progressively darkened with increased processing cycles: brightness (L^*) and total color difference (Eab^*) initially decreased then stabilized, while a^* (red-green) and b^* (yellow-blue) values first increased then declined. Total polysaccharides and oligosaccharides showed overall decreasing trends, whereas reducing sugars initially increased before stabilizing. Fructose and glucose levels rose continuously, while sucrose and kestose decreased progressively, becoming undetectable after five cycles.
Conclusion: The chromatic alteration and saccharide composition of P. kingianum showed significant correlation with processing duration. Both total color difference (Eab^*) and reducing sugar content stabilized after four processing cycles (12 hours), suggesting that four cycles of steaming and sun-drying may represent the optimal processing duration.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the color parameters (L^*, a^*, b^*, Eab^* values) of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata powder prepared by different processing techniques and the contents of 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, emodin, physcion, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.
Methods: The L^*, a^*, b^* and Eab^* values of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata powder prepared by different processing techniques were determined by spectrophotometer, and the contents of the five components were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Secondly, SPSS 26.0 software and Simca 14.1 software were used to analyze the correlation.
Results: Through the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), it was found that the steamed samples and black bean steamed samples could be obviously divided into two categories: raw products and processed products. The processed products could be further divided into 2-8 h and 12-48 h. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the content of stilbene glycoside was significantly positively correlated with L^*, a^* and b^* values (P<0.01). The a^* value was significantly positively correlated with the content of emodin and physcion (P<0.01). Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside was positively correlated with L^* value and b^* value, while physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside was negatively correlated with a^* value. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS) showed that 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (VIP=1.69) and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (VIP=1.06) were the key variables affecting chromaticity characteristics (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The three processes of steaming, black bean steaming and black bean stewing are consistent in composition transformation and chromaticity variation, and stilbene glycoside can be used as a specific index component to characterize the processed color. Chromatic parameters can effectively reflect the processing progression and serve as quality monitoring indicators during production.

Objective To analyze the predictive value of different obesity indicators on acute cerebral infarction in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods A total of 310 patients with TIA admitted to Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University from March 2022 to September 2025 were selected and classified into non-event group (276 cases) and cerebral infarction group (34 cases) based on acute cerebral infarction within 90 days. The basic data and obesity-related indicators [body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, body adiposity index (BAI), conicity index (C-index) and a body shape index (ABSI were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to screen the independent influencing factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive efficiency. Results The age, proportions of concurrent hypertension and concurrent diabetes mellitus, ABCD2 score, waist-to-hip ratio, ABSI, C-index, BMI and BAI in the cerebral infarction group were older or higher than those in the non-event group, and the symptoms duration was longer (P<0.05). The above indicators were all related factors for acute cerebral infarction in patients with TIA within 90 days (P<0.05), and ABSI and ABCD² score were independent influencing factors (P<0.05). The prediction model was manifested as Logit (P)=− 4.205 + 0.482 × ABCD² score + 1.120 × ABSI × 100. ABSI and ABCD2 score had predictive value on the occurrence of acute cerebral infarction (P<0.05), and the predictive efficiency of combined model was higher than that of single indicator (P<0.05). Conclusion Among different obesity indicators, ABSI has the highest value on predicting recent acute cerebral infarction in TIA. The prediction model based on ABSI and ABCD2 score exhibits the best predictive efficiency.

Pulpitis is a common infective oral disease in clinical situations. The regulatory mechanisms of immune defense in pulpitis are still being investigated. Osteomodulin (OMD) is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan family member distributed in bones and teeth. It is a bioactive protein that promotes osteogenesis and suppresses the apoptosis of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). In this study, the role of OMD in pulpitis and the OMD-induced regulatory mechanism were investigated. The OMD expression in normal and inflamed human pulp tissues was detected via immunofluorescence staining. Intriguingly, the OMD expression decreased in the inflammatory infiltration area of pulpitis specimens. The cellular experiments demonstrated that recombined human OMD could resist the detrimental effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. A conditional Omd knockout mouse model with pulpal inflammation was established. LPS-induced inflammatory impairment significantly increased in conditional Omd knockout mice, whereas OMD administration exhibited a protective effect against pulpitis. Mechanistically, the transcriptome alterations of OMD overexpression showed significant enrichment in the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL1R1), a vital membrane receptor activating the NF-κB pathway, was significantly downregulated in OMD-overexpressing hDPSCs. Additionally, the interaction between OMD and IL1R1 was verified using co-immunoprecipitation and molecular docking. In vivo, excessive pulpal inflammation in Omd-deficient mice was rescued using an IL1R antagonist. Overall, OMD played a protective role in the inflammatory response via the IL1R1/NF-κB signaling pathway. OMD may optimize the immunomodulatory functions of hDPSCs and can be used for regenerative endodontics.
Pulpitis/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Dental Pulp/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lipopolysaccharides

AIM:To investigate the mechanism by which exosomes(EXOs)derived from neural stem cells(NSCs)pretreated with astragaloside IV(ASIV)alleviate brain damage in rats after ischemic stroke.METHODS:Rat NSCs were isolated from fetal rats within 24 h of birth,cultured for 3 d,and subsequently treated with ASIV for additional 5 d.The EXOs from untreated NSCs and ASIV-pretreated NSCs(ASIV-EXOs)were isolated via ultracentrifugation of the cell supernatant.These EXOs were characterized using Western blot to detect specific markers such as CD63,tumor sus-ceptibility gene 101(TSG101)and calnexin.Nanoparticle analysis was employed to determine the size,and the morpholo-gy of the EXOs was observed under electron microscope.Six to eight-week-old SD male rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups:sham group,middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)model group,edaravone(EDA)treatment(MCAO/R+EDA)group,EXOs treatement(MCAO/R+EXOs)group and ASIV-EXOs treatment(MCAO/R+ASIV-EXOs)group.Tail vein injections were administered within 2 h following the successful establishment of the MCAO/R model.The Zea Longa method was utilized to evaluate neurological deficits,while the TTC method was employed to assess brain infarc-tion.Pathological changes were examined through HE staining,and TUNEL and caspase-1 immunofluorescence double staining were conducted to detect cellular pyroptosis.Serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18 were measured us-ing ELISA,and Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of caspase-1,nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain(ASC),gasdermin D(GSDMD),and IL-18 proteins in the ischemic area of the rat cerebral cortex across all groups.RE-SULTS:The MCAO/R group exhibited significantly higher neurological deficit scores compared to the sham group(P＜0.01)and lower scores in the administered groups relative to the MCAO/R group(P＜0.05).Cerebral infarction was mark-edly increased in the MCAO/R group compared to the sham group(P＜0.01),whereas the infarction area was reduced in the administered groups compared to the MCAO/R group(P＜0.05).Serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly el-evated in the MCAO/R group versus the sham group(P＜0.01)and were lower in the administered groups compared to the MCAO/R group(P＜0.01).Moreover,IL-1β and IL-18 levels in the MCAO/R+ASIV-EXOs group were lower than those in the MCAO/R+EXOs group(P＜0.05).HE staining revealed pronounced sieve-like infarction foci in the ischemic area of the rat cerebral cortex in MCAO/R group,characterized by disorganized neuronal arrangements,reduced or absent Nys-trom's vesicles,shrunken or fragmented nuclei,and numerous red neurons.In contrast,drug-treated groups exhibited milder pathological changes with clearer neuronal structures and a significant reduction in red neuron counts.Immunofluo-rescence double staining indicated a significant increase in double-positive cells in the MCAO/R group compared to the sham group(P＜0.01),with a decrease in double-positive cells in the administered groups relative to the MCAO/R group(P＜0.05)and a further reduction in the MCAO/R+ASIV-EXOs group compared to the MCAO/R+EXOs group(P＜0.05).The expression levels of caspase-1,NLRP3,ASC,IL-18 and GSDMD proteins in the ischemic region of the rat cerebral cortex were significantly reduced in the administered groups compared to the MCAO/R group(P＜0.01),with further re-duction observed in the MCAO/R+ASIV-EXOs group compared to the MCAO/R+EXOs group(P＜0.05).CONCLU-SION:Exosomes derived from ASIV-pretreated NSCs attenuate brain damage in ischemic stroke rats,potentially through a mechanism involving the inhibition of pyroptosis mediated by the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of China′s DRG payment system reform(DRG reform) and its hierarchical relationship, for references for the in-depth promotion of China′s medical insurance payment reform.Methods:Relevant literature on DRG reform in China from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Database, Pubmed, etc, were obtained. Content analysis method was used to extract the influencing factors of DRG reform. The correlation between each influencing factor was determined through expert discussion. An interpretive structural model(ISM) was constructed to analyze the hierarchical relationship of factors influencing DRG reform.Results:After analysis, the influencing factors(12) of DRG reform in China were included such as medical level, hospital management, and medical staff′s cognition and behavior. Among them, the local situation was the deep-level factor affecting DRG reform, 9 factors such as data quality assurance and policy design/implementation were the middle-level factors, and patients′ interests/needs and disease grouping were the surface-level factors.Conclusions:There were many influencing factors on the reform of China′s DRG payment system. It was suggested that relevant management departments in various regions should focus on the actual situation of the locality, take data quality and policy design and implementation as the key points of reform, formulate a scientific and reasonable DRG grouping scheme, safeguard the interests of patients, so as to promote the deepening of DRG reform.

Outpatient services reflect the overall management level of hospitals and is a key link affecting patients′ healthcare experiences. To address the challenges faced by traditional outpatient services and meet patients′ diverse medical needs, a tertiary hospital implemented personalized outpatient services in March 2024. By utilizing information technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, patient profile and a personalized service knowledge base was constructed, and a personalized outpatient service platform was built (including various functional modules such as intelligent guidance, pre consultation, abnormal indicator management, and full course management, as well as intelligent recommendation engines). This platform could provide personalized health guidance, customer service, and diagnosis and treatment services for outpatient throughout the entire process from pre-diagnosis to post diagnosis.After the launch of the personalized outpatient service platform, patient satisfaction in the oncology and pediatric departments increased from 90% and 86% in May 2024 to 94% and 91% in May 2025, respectively. From May 2024 to May 2025, the intelligent customer service addressed 740 000 patient inquiries, with a resolution rate of 90%. The online conversion rate (the proportion of patients switching from offline visits to online follow-ups relative to the total number of offline visits during the same period) rose from 37% in May 2023 to 43% in May 2025. The platform had enhanced the quality and efficiency of outpatient services, effectively improved patients′ healthcare experiences, and could serve as a reference for other hospitals seeking to upgrade their outpatient services.

Objective:To investigate the genetic characteristics of fetuses carrying a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 15.Methods:This was a retrospective study involving three fetuses who were diagnosed with microdeletions or microduplications by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and confirmed to carry sSMC derived from chromosome 15 through prenatal diagnosis at the Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from June to October 2023. Clinical data, including NIPT results and ultrasound findings, were collected. Genetic tests for the fetuses and their parents were performed using genetic karyotype analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and single nucleotide polymorphisms array (SNP-array). All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results:(1) The mothers of the three fetuses were aged 36, 37, and 41 years, and all of them were multiparous with no family history of genetic disorders. The fetuses exhibited duplications of 8.80, 8.17, and 8.80 Mb in the 15q11.2q13.3 region, respectively. Amniotic fluid karyotyping revealed a 47,XN,+mar karyotype in all three cases. The abnormal sSMC contained two centromeres. One of them was pycnotic, deeply stained, but remained active, while the other was enlarged and formed a band, losing its activity. Both were pseudo-dicentric structures. (2) FISH was not performed on Fetus 1. FISH results for both Fetus 2 and Fetus 3 were ish idic(15)( D15Z1++, SNRPN++, PML-), indicating the presence of two copies of the D15Z1 and SNRPN probes on the sSMC, with no PML probe signal. The D15Z1 probe was located at both ends of the sSMC, while the SNRPN probe was near the center. (3) SNP-array results were arr[GRCh37] 15q11.2q13.2(22 770 422-31 098 691)×4 for Fetus 1, covering 29 OMIM genes including UBE3A and 38 protein-coding genes; arr[GRCh37] 15q11.2q13.3(22 770 422-32 915 723)×4 for Fetus 2, covering 36 OMIM genes including UBE3A and 50 protein-coding genes; and arr[GRCh37] 15q11.2q13.1 (22 770 422-28 560 664)×4 and arr[GRCh37] 15q13.1q13.3(29 009 041-32 444 043)×3 for Fetus 3, covering 24 OMIM genes including UBE3A and 20 protein-coding genes. Additionally, Fetus 3 had a 3.435 Mb duplication in 15q13.1q13.3, covering 11 OMIM genes including CHRNA7 and 20 protein-coding genes. (4) No significant abnormalities were found in the peripheral blood karyotyping for the parents of Fetus 1 or in the SNP-array analysis for the parents of Fetus 3. (5) All three families opted for pregnancy termination. There were no obvious abnormalities in the appearance of Fetus 1 and Fetus 3 after induction, while details of Fetus 2 were unavailable. Conclusion:The three fetuses carried a psu idic(15)(q13)-derived sSMC, leading to increased copy numbers in the 15q11q13 region.

Objective:To explore the distribution of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and cardiovascular risk fac-tors(CVRF)in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer before treatment and their correlation with the histological type,stage and grade of ovarian cancer.Methods:A total of 401 newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer pa-tients admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 1,2015 to December 31,2022 were enrolled.Analyze the distribution of CVD(including hypertension,coronary heart disease,stroke,etc.)and CVRF(including diabetes,dyslipidemia,high level of uric acid)in epithelial ovarian cancer patients.Univari-ate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were performed on the association between CVD,CVRF and the histological type,grade and stage of epithelial ovarian cancer.Results:①Among 401 epithelial ovarian cancer pa-tients,43.6％had at least one CVD before therapy.The most common CVD was hypertension(41.1％),and the most common CVRF was dyslipidemia(57.9％).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥60 years was an independent risk factor for serous,high-grade,and advanced epithelial ovarian cancer(OR＞1,P＜0.05).Dyslipidemia was an independent risk factor for high-grade and advanced epithelial ovarian cancer(OR＞1,P＜0.05).High level of uric acid was an independent risk factor for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer(OR＞1,P＜0.05).③The proportion of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and lipoprotein A[Lp(A)]abnor-malities in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer was significantly higher than in those with early stage epithelial ovarian cancer(P＜0.05),and the proportion of number of abnormal lipid components was higher in pa-tients with high grade and advanced epithelial ovarian cancer than in patients with low grade and early stage epi-thelial ovarian cancer,respectively(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer bear a signifi-cant burden of CVD and CVRF.Hypertension is the most common CVD,and dyslipidemia is the most common CVRF.Dyslipidemia was associated with epithelial ovarian cancer grade and stage.High level of uric acid was as-sociated with epithelial ovarian cancer stage.Active control of blood pressure and blood lipid levels is very impor-tant for epithelial ovarian cancer patients.