Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of viral diarrhea in Minhang District, Shanghai. Methods Random sampling on diarrhea was conducted in intestinal outpatient departments of 2 sentinel hospitals according to a certain sampling interval in Minhang District，Shanghai from 2014 to 2020. Real time PCR technology was used to detect Rotavirus, Norovirus, adenovirus, Astrovirus and Sapovirus in fecal samples. Results A total of 646 out of 1 839 stool specimenswere tested positive, and the positive rate was 35.13%.Five pathogenic viruses were detected , mostly norovirus (421 cases, 65.17%) followed by rotavirus (151 cases, 23.37%).The positive rate of norovirus was higher in the age group of 20- 69 years, and the positive rate of Rotavirus was higher in the age group of 0- 9 years. Conclusions Norovirus and rotavirus accounted for the majority of reported infection diarrhea cases in MinhangDistrict of Shanghai from 2014 to 2020, with significant seasonal peaks. Tailored prevention and control measures should be carried out, particularly in risk seasons.

Objective:To investigate the value of antithrombin Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ) in evaluating patients with decompensated hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and complicated with esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB).Methods:From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, clinical data of 193 hospitalized patients with hepatitis B liver cirrhosis diagnosed in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, which included coagulation indicator (AT-Ⅲ), liver function indicators (total bilirubin, etc.), abdominal ultrasound results (portal vein diameter, portal vein blood flow velocity), and the occurrence of esophagogastric varices. According to the presence or absence of main complications, 193 patients with hepatitis B liver cirrhosis were divided into compensated group (60 cases) and decompensated group (133 cases). According to the presence or absence of EVB, 133 patients of decompensated group were divided into non-bleeding subgroup (96 cases) and bleeding subgroup (37 cases). The above indicators were compared among compensated group, decompensated group and their subgroups. The independent related factors of decompensated hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and EVB were analyzed. The level of AT-Ⅲ of each group were compared, and the relationship between AT-Ⅲ and Child-Pugh score was analyzed. The diagnostic capability of AT-Ⅲ in decompensated hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and complicated with EVB were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U test, independent sample t test, chi-square test, multiple logistic regression analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:The total bilirubin level of the decompensated group was higher than that of the compensated group, the portal vein diameter was larger than that of the compensated group, and the portal vein blood flow velocity was lower than that of the compensated group (31.50 μmol/L (21.90 μmol/L, 48.80 μmol/L) vs. 19.40 μmol/L (15.00 μmol/L, 25.50 μmol/L); (14.31±3.53) mm vs. (12.57±3.83) mm; (13.39±3.49) cm/s vs. (15.08±4.28) cm/s), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-5.76, t=-2.78 and 2.40; P<0.001, =0.006 and 0.018). The incidence of esophagogastric varices of the compensated group and the decompensated group was compared (40.0%, 24/60 vs. 87.2%, 116/133), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=64.06, P<0.001). The diameter of portal vein of the bleeding subgroup was larger than that of the non-bleeding subgroup, and the portal vein blood flow velocity was lower than that of the non-bleeding subgroup ((15.54±4.23) mm vs. (13.87±3.16) mm; (12.05±3.12) cm/s vs. (13.85±3.51) cm/s), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-2.15 and 2.23, P=0.034 and 0.028). The AT-Ⅲ levels gradually decreased in the non-bleeding subgroup and bleeding subgroup of the compensated group and decompensated group, which were (79.52±16.02)%, (63.91±19.96)% and (35.92±13.69)%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( F=5.71, P=0.018). The AT-Ⅲ level of the compensated group was higher than that of the non-bleeding subgroup and the bleeding subgroup of the decompensated group, and the AT-Ⅲ level of the non-bleeding subgroup of the decompensated group was higher than that of the bleeding subgroup, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=5.11, 13.74 and 7.84, all P<0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that total bilirubin and AT-Ⅲ were independent related factors of decompensation of hepatitis B liver cirrhosis ( OR (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.060 (1.018 to 1.104) and 0.945 (0.922 to 0.970), P=0.005 and <0.001). AT-Ⅲ was an independent related factor of decompensation of hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and complicated with EVB ( OR(95% CI) 0.902 (0.856 to 0.950, P<0.001). AT-Ⅲ was negatively correlated with Child-Pugh score ( r=-0.559, P<0.001). ROC analysis showed that the cut-off values of AT-Ⅲ in the diagnosis of decompensated stage of hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and complicated with EVB were 62.5% and 61.5%, the sensitivity was 88.3% and 89.2%, the specificity was 70.7% and 61.5%, and the area under the curve (95% CI) was 0.815 (0.755 to 0.874, P<0.001) and 0.899 (0.828 to 0.971, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion:AT-Ⅲ is an important indicator in evaluating the severity of disease progression in patients with hepatitis B liver cirrhosis, and it has a certain clinical value in evaluating the bleeding tendency of patients with decompensated hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and complicated with esophagogastric varices.

【Objective】 To investigate the distribution of ABO blood type of patients in Naqu, northern Tibet Plateau. 【Methods】 Blood group data of 5258 patients who underwent blood group identification in People′s Hospital of Naqu from 2017 to 2019 were retrospectively collected. Statistical analysis and Hardy-Weinberg coincidence test were conducted, and the disease profile, including anemia, high altitude polycythemia, obstetrics & gynecology, etc., of patients with different blood types was analyzed. 【Results】 Analysis showed that type O was most prevalent with the proportion of 37.73%(1 983/5 258), following with type B 34.12%(1 794/5 258), type A 21.3% (1 120/5 258)and type AB 6.85%(360/5 258). The distribution of ABO blood group was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law, showing a trend of O>B>A>AB, and the trend of gene frequency was r>q>p. The distribution of ABO blood group in male and female patients was basically the same, and showed the trend of O>B>A>AB. The distribution of ABO blood group in Naqu area was similar to other high altitude areas of Tibet (P>0.05), but presented a certain difference with that in low altitude areas of Tibet (P<0.05). The distribution characteristics of ABO blood group in anemia, high altitude polycythemia and obstetrics & gynecology patients were also in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, showing a trend of O>B>A>AB. Blood group distribution of patients with different systemic diseases was different, but with no statistical significance. 【Conclusion】 The profile of ABO blood group of patients in Naqu area is consistent with that in high altitude areas of Tibet, but quite different from that in low altitude areas of Tibet. Knowing the distribution characteristics of ABO blood group of patients in this area (hospital) is helpful to formulate a set of safe and reasonable blood use (storage) plan and ensure clinical blood use, especially emergency blood use.

Objective To discuss the efficacy and safety of sodium tanshinone ⅡA combined with edaravone in treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Methods 100 cases of acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into two groups.The control group (50 cases) was treated with edaravone.The observation group (50 cases) was treated with sodium tanshinone ⅡA combined with edaravone.The efficacy of sodium tanshinone ⅡA combined with edaravone in treatment of acute cerebral infarction was evaluated by the efficacy at 1 month after treatment,ESS scores,SF-36 scores before and after treatment and adverse reaction during treatment.Results After treatment,the effective rate of observation group was 90.0％ and control group was 72.0％.The effective rate of observation group was higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the value before treatment,the ESS scores of two groups were increased after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).3 d,7 d,14 d after treatment,the ESS scores of observation group was higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,there were no statistical significance on SF-36 between two groups.After treatment,the SF-36 scores were increased in two groups (P ＜ 0.05).During treatment,there were no statistical significance on adverse reaction between two groups.Conclusion Sodium tanshinone ⅡA combined with edaravone had a good therapeutic effect on acute cerebral infarction.It could improve the quality of life and neurological function with high safety.It was worthy of clinical application.

Une new flavonoids named as notabilisin K (1), together with four known compounds, morusin (2), mulberrofuran A (3), neocyclomorusin (4) and mornigrol F (5) are separated from 95% ethanol extracts of the twigs of Morus notabilis. Compounds 2-5 are separated from this plant for the first time. Notabilisin I, notabilisin J exhibits certain effect against cells of HCT-116, HepG2 and A2780 with IC50 values ranging from 1.47 μmol x L(-1) to 5.46 μmol x L(-1). Morusin exhibits strong effect against five kinds of human cancer cells (BGC823, A2780, HCT-116, HepG2 and NCI-H1650) with IC50 values ranging from 0.74 μmol x L(-1) to 1.58 μmol x L(-1).

Objective To estimate the value of detection of Merkel cell carcinoma polyomavirus (MCPyV)in the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).Methods Two cases of MCC were studied using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.PCR was performed to detect DNA sequences encoding MCPyV large T antigen(LT)and viral protein 1 (VP1) in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from the two patients with MCC,five patients with T cell lymphoma,two normal human controls,as well as in two T cell lymphoma cell lines MAC 1 and MAC2.DNA sequencing was also carried out.Results Both of the patients with MCC were male.The patient 1 presented with a mass in the right anterior shin for more than one year,and the patient 2 had a mass in the left knee for more than six months.Skin examination revealed densely distributed pink nodules in the right anterior shin,with confluence into an indurated plaque which measured 10 cm × 8 cm with superficial erosion,exudates and crusts and was surrounded by multiple irregularly sized erythematous nodules with limited mobility in the patient 1,as well as a royal blue,hard,poorly marginated nodular mass measuring 5 cm × 4 cm in the left medial knee with limited mobility in the patient 2.Pathological manifestations were similar in the two patients.Tumor cells were uniform with large hyperchromatic nuclei,eosinophilic and sparse cytoplasm,and fine chromatin.Mitotic figures were easily seen.Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells stained positive for pan-cytokeratin,synuclein (Syn),neuron-specific enolase (NSE),chromogranin (CgA),CK20,and Ki-67 (＞ or =60％),but negative for S100 protein,HMB45,CD34,thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTT-1),CK7 and leukocyte common antigen (LCA).MCPyV DNA was detected in both MCC specimens,but absent in the other skin specimens or T cell lymphoma cell lines.Conclusions MCC has distinctive clinical and pathological appearance.Immunohistochemistry and detection of MCPyV DNA sequences using PCR may be beneficial to the definitive diagnosis of MCC.

Objective To observe the effects of Tangshenjiaonang (TSJN) on biochemistry, renal function and hemorheology of alloxan and achromycin induced diabetic nephropathy rats. Methods The diabetic nephropathy rats induced by alloxan and achromycin were divided into 5 experimental groups. compared with control group, to observe the changes of the indicators shown about. Results TSJN can significantly decrease the level of SCr, BUN, CCr, FIB, plasma viscosity and UAER (P

0.05). After treating, the accumulating points of syndrome of the treatment group dropped more, the treatment group was superior to the control group. Conclusions The curative effects of Huoxin capsule on angina of coronary arheroselerosis heart disease is exact. It can take effect quickly and improve the whole symptom of the patients noticeably.