Objective:To evaluate the effects of sequential immunotherapy with radiotherapy on survival time and immune function in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a real-world study.Methods:Data of 84 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC who were treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022 (retrospective cohort) and from January 2023 to December 2023 (prospective cohort) were collected. The patients were divided into the combination group ( n=40) and radiotherapy group ( n=44) based on whether they received sequential immunotherapy or not. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between two groups were compared using standardized mortality ratio weighting (SMRW). Univariate Cox proportional hazards model, multivariate regression analysis, multi-model comparison of propensity score matching and subgroup analysis were emploed to analyze the robustness of clinical efficacy between two groups. E-value analysis was used to analyze the sensitivity of unmeasured confounding factors in observational studies. Additionally, the percentage of CD4 +T cells, CD8 +T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and CD4 +/CD8 + T cell ratio before and after treatment between two groups were compared using analysis of covariance. Results:Among 84 patients, 77 (92%) cases were male and 7 (8%) were female. Among them, 42 (50%) were aged 65 years or older. The variables showed high homogeneity after SMRW, with a standardized mean difference of less than 0.1. In the combination group, the median PFS [17.0 months vs. 7.0 months, HR=0.260, 95% CI: 0.130-0.490, P<0.001] and OS [not reached vs. 24.0 months, HR=0.210, 95% CI: 0.070-0.590, P=0.002] were significantly longer compared to that in the radiotherapy group, with statistically significant differences. The study results were confirmed by robustness and sensitivity analyses. After treatment, patients in the combination group showed a statistically significant increase in the percentage of CD4 + T cells and NK cells, and CD4 +/CD8 + T cell ratio, as well as a decrease in the percentage of CD8 + T cells compared to those in the radiotherapy group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Sequential immunotherapy following radiotherapy can significantly improve survival and prognosis of unresectable stage III NSCLC patients. The survival benefit is even greater when combined with chemotherapy. The main mechanism of the survival benefit may be the improvement of anti-tumor immune function.

Objective:To systematically evaluate studies validating the performance of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) in diagnosing malnutrition.Methods:Seven Chinese and English databases including Embase, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database were searched for articles on the validation of GLIM criteria published between September 2018 and September 2024. Two researchers independently performed literature screening and data extraction. The concurrent and predictive validity of the criteria was analyzed.Results:A total of 136 papers were included for analysis. The GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition had a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 87%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90. Malnutrition diagnosed by the GLIM criteria predicted prolonged hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays, increased readmission and complication rates (both overall and infectious), reduced survivals (median, overall, and disease-free), and increased in-hospital and follow-up mortalities. Both moderate and severe malnutrition predicted decreased overall survival. However, only three studies analyzed the impact of nutritional therapy on the clinical outcomes of malnourished patients.Conclusions:The GLIM criteria accurately differentiate malnutrition and are a valid predictive tool of clinical outcomes. However, the validity criteria in these validation studies were questionable, along with high methodological heterogeneity. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies validating the role of nutritional therapy in improving the clinical outcomes of malnourished patients.

Objective:To systematically evaluate studies validating the performance of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) in diagnosing malnutrition.Methods:Seven Chinese and English databases including Embase, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database were searched for articles on the validation of GLIM criteria published between September 2018 and September 2024. Two researchers independently performed literature screening and data extraction. The concurrent and predictive validity of the criteria was analyzed.Results:A total of 136 papers were included for analysis. The GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition had a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 87%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90. Malnutrition diagnosed by the GLIM criteria predicted prolonged hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays, increased readmission and complication rates (both overall and infectious), reduced survivals (median, overall, and disease-free), and increased in-hospital and follow-up mortalities. Both moderate and severe malnutrition predicted decreased overall survival. However, only three studies analyzed the impact of nutritional therapy on the clinical outcomes of malnourished patients.Conclusions:The GLIM criteria accurately differentiate malnutrition and are a valid predictive tool of clinical outcomes. However, the validity criteria in these validation studies were questionable, along with high methodological heterogeneity. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies validating the role of nutritional therapy in improving the clinical outcomes of malnourished patients.

Objective:To conduct a systematic review of risk prediction models for enteral feeding intolerance in ICU patients.Methods:Relevant literature was searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus, with search limits from the establishment of the databases up to July 24, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data, using Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool to evaluate the quality of the included studies.Results:A total of 12 studies were included, which included 20 prediction models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve or C-index for these models ranged from 0.70 to 0.94. The overall bias risk of the 12 studies was high, with three studies having good applicability. The bias risk primarily stemmed from issues such as measurement of prediction factors, variable handling, sample size, outcome definition, and model performance evaluation.Conclusions:Existing risk prediction models for enteral feeding intolerance in ICU patients exhibit a high risk of bias. Further validation, optimization, or development of new models is required in the future.

Objective:To conduct a systematic review of risk prediction models for enteral feeding intolerance in ICU patients.Methods:Relevant literature was searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus, with search limits from the establishment of the databases up to July 24, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data, using Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool to evaluate the quality of the included studies.Results:A total of 12 studies were included, which included 20 prediction models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve or C-index for these models ranged from 0.70 to 0.94. The overall bias risk of the 12 studies was high, with three studies having good applicability. The bias risk primarily stemmed from issues such as measurement of prediction factors, variable handling, sample size, outcome definition, and model performance evaluation.Conclusions:Existing risk prediction models for enteral feeding intolerance in ICU patients exhibit a high risk of bias. Further validation, optimization, or development of new models is required in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of sequential immunotherapy with radiotherapy on survival time and immune function in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a real-world study.Methods:Data of 84 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC who were treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022 (retrospective cohort) and from January 2023 to December 2023 (prospective cohort) were collected. The patients were divided into the combination group ( n=40) and radiotherapy group ( n=44) based on whether they received sequential immunotherapy or not. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between two groups were compared using standardized mortality ratio weighting (SMRW). Univariate Cox proportional hazards model, multivariate regression analysis, multi-model comparison of propensity score matching and subgroup analysis were emploed to analyze the robustness of clinical efficacy between two groups. E-value analysis was used to analyze the sensitivity of unmeasured confounding factors in observational studies. Additionally, the percentage of CD4 +T cells, CD8 +T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and CD4 +/CD8 + T cell ratio before and after treatment between two groups were compared using analysis of covariance. Results:Among 84 patients, 77 (92%) cases were male and 7 (8%) were female. Among them, 42 (50%) were aged 65 years or older. The variables showed high homogeneity after SMRW, with a standardized mean difference of less than 0.1. In the combination group, the median PFS [17.0 months vs. 7.0 months, HR=0.260, 95% CI: 0.130-0.490, P<0.001] and OS [not reached vs. 24.0 months, HR=0.210, 95% CI: 0.070-0.590, P=0.002] were significantly longer compared to that in the radiotherapy group, with statistically significant differences. The study results were confirmed by robustness and sensitivity analyses. After treatment, patients in the combination group showed a statistically significant increase in the percentage of CD4 + T cells and NK cells, and CD4 +/CD8 + T cell ratio, as well as a decrease in the percentage of CD8 + T cells compared to those in the radiotherapy group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Sequential immunotherapy following radiotherapy can significantly improve survival and prognosis of unresectable stage III NSCLC patients. The survival benefit is even greater when combined with chemotherapy. The main mechanism of the survival benefit may be the improvement of anti-tumor immune function.

Objective:To understand the cognition on and status quo of influenza vaccination among all age groups in the survey areas from 6 provinces so as to explore the main factors related to influenza vaccination.Methods:A cross-sectional survey method was conducted to study the knowledge on influenza prevention and control, as well as on the status of influenza vaccination in Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, Guangdong, Yunnan, and Gansu provinces through 12320 health hotline telephone with method of random number table in Mar-May 2018. The survey sample size was 9 438 respondents.Results:The survey response rate was 46.4 %(10 045/21 658). A total of 10 045 respondents were surveyed. The awareness on flu-related knowledge "influenza is different from the common cold" was 75.3 % (7 564/10 045), rate on "influenza virus will cause serious consequences" was 82.0 % (8 241/10 045). The rate of health behavior such as frequent hand, washing hand, wearing masks and isolating themselves were 80.41 % (7 936/9 873), 75.8 % (7 506/9 899) and 73.6 %(7 228/9 822) respectively when the influenza-like symptoms already started. The influenza vaccination rate in the past year was only 5.7 % (570/10 037). Multivariate logistic analysis of influenza vaccination rate in the past year showed that respondents who were from Gansu province or Beijing, respondents occupations were as medical staff or full-time students, respondents who were living with more than 2 people at the same house, respondents who had had influenza symptoms without wearing masks, the influenza vaccination rates were higher in the past year. Conclusions:Rates regarding the awareness of influenza-related knowledge, health behavior when the influenza-related symptoms already started and having received the influenza vaccine vaccination in the past year should be further improved in the six provinces. Health education on influenza-related knowledge and vaccine vaccination should be strengthened, strategies including free vaccination are bound to be explored.

Objective To establish a method to evaluate quality of Angelicae Sinensis Radix based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Methods Angelicae Sinensis Radix of different producing regions was collected. Volatile oil content, alcohol soluble extract content, as well as the composition of ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, 3-butylphthalide and n-butylidenephthalide of Angelicae Sinensis Radix samples were separately measured. AHP was used to establish AHP analysis model to comprehensively evaluate multiple indexes of Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Results The evaluation result comparison showed that the quality of Angelicae Sinensis Radix in Min county, Weiyuan county and Zhang county were better than that of other regions, and Min county had the Angelicae Sinensis Radix with the best quality. Conclusion Evaluating Angelicae Sinensis Radix based on AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is feasible.

Objective:To observe the effects of different moxibustion times on proteins of transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) ion channel protein and synovial cell apoptosis in rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to provide a new basis for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of moxibustion. Methods:A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, moxibustion groupⅠ, moxibustion groupⅡ and moxibustion groupⅢ by complete randomization, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the normal group were bred routinely, and rats in the model group were also bred routinely after successful modeling. After successful modeling, rats in moxibustion groupⅠ,Ⅱ andⅢ accepted consecutive moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Shenshu (BL 23) for 15 d, once a day, respectively 5 min, 20 min and 30 min for each session. The degree of paw edema was observed and recorded. Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the protein expression of TRPV3 ion channel in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect apoptotic synovial cell number. Results: At the end of treatment, paw circumference of rats in moxibustion groupⅡ andⅢ were significantly reduced as compared with that in the model group (P<0.05). TRPV3 ion channel protein expression of dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn was higher in the model group than that in the normal group (P<0.05); the TRPV3 ion channel protein expressions of dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn in moxibustion groupⅡ andⅢ were higher than that in moxibustion groupⅠ (P<0.05); apoptotic synovial cell number in the model group was larger than that in the normal group (P<0.05), and apoptotic synovial cell numbers in moxibustion groupⅡ andⅢ were significantly higher than that in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Moxibustion of appropriate time could induce TRPV3 expression, and promote synovial cell apoptosis.

The air quality of simulated moxibustion clinic was tested, which could provide references for the evaluation on air pollution in moxibustion clinic. After the clinical environment of moxibustion was established,the contents of CO,NO, PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the air at 5 different time points (0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h after 10 moxa sticks were ignited as well as 5 min ventilation after 0.5 h moxibustion burning and 5 min ventilation after 1 h moxibustion burning) were measured by testing organizations.0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h after 10 moxa sticks were ignited, the content ranges of CO,NO, PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the air were 15.9 to 37.0 mg/m,0.012 6 to 0.022 4 mg/m,0.22 to 1.28 mg/mand 0.13 to 0.53 mg/m, respectively; the contents of CO, PM 10 and PM 2.5 were higher than national standard. With 5 min ventilation after 0.5 h moxibustion burning and 5 min ventilation after 1 h moxibustion burning, the content ranges of CO,NO,PM 10 and PM 2.5 were 0.3 to 0.4 mg/m,0.015 5 to 0.018 0 mg/m,0.11 to 0.13 mg/mand 0.04 mg/m, respectively; the contents of CO, PM 10 and PM 2.5 were lower than national standard. It is concluded that long-time moxibustion could cause relatively high concentration of moxa smoke, and the contents of CO, PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the air will exceed the national standard. However, by keeping good ventilation, the contents of CO,NO,PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the air can be controlled within safe ranges.