ObjectiveTo investigate and manage an imported dengue fever (DF) outbreak in Shanghai in 2024, to summarize the experience and lessons learned from the on-site management, and to provide a reference basis for future prevention and control of DF. MethodsEpidemiological investigation and case search were carried out for an imported DF outbreak in Shanghai, 2024. Real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect dengue virus nucleic acid in the serum samples from cases. Meanwhile, emergency vector surveillance and mosquito control measures were carried out in the affected areas, and the effectiveness of the management was evaluated. ResultsAccording to the epidemiological investigation, it was confirmed that this epidemic was a family cluster of imported DF, with both cases infected in Thailand and developed symptoms successively after returning to Shanghai. Laboratory testing identified the pathogens as dengue virus serotype-3 (DENV-3). In the core and precautionary area, ultra-low-volume space spraying and residual spraying were combined to kill adult mosquitoes, and at the same time, comprehensive cleaning and elimination of mosquito breeding sites was carried out. After 2 weeks, the Breteau Index (BI) in the core area decreased from 20 to 5, and the mosquito net trap index decreased from 2 mosquitoes (net·hour)^-1 to 0.67 mosquitoes (net·hour)^-1. Continuous implementation of mosquito control measures kept the BI and net trap index below the safety thresholds [BI<5 and mosquito net trap index <2 mosquitoes (net·hour)^-1] both in the core and precautionary area. ConclusionEarly diagnosis and isolation of patients, combined with rapid suppression of the density of vector Aedes mosquitoes, are the key measures to prevent the transmission of imported DF cases.

Objective:The study aimed to validate the Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS) in terms of reliability and validity among individuals with mental disorders in China.Methods:The Study followed Brislin′s translation principles to adapt the scale into Chinese. From February to June 2023, a total of 638 hospitalized patients with mental disorders (477 with schizophrenia and 161 with mood disorders) were selected through gender-stratified simple random sampling from the Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center and the Shanghai Baoshan Mental Health Center. The Chinese version of the NPSS and the Security Questionnaire (SQ) were administered. The reliability of the scale was measured using split-half reliability and test-retest reliability. Validity was assessed through content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminative validity analyses. In addition, SQ was used as a criterion tool to test the validity of the criterion through Pearson correlation analysis.Results:The Chinese version of the NPSS contained 29 items, with total scores ranging from 29 to 145. Higher total scores indicated greater psychological safety. Item analysis showed a decider value of 10.58 to 20.80 (>3), and the correlation between items and total scores ranged from 0.579 to 0.749 (all P<0.05). The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) for the items ranged from 0.86 to 1.00, while the average scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.99. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors: social participation, empathy, and bodily sensations, which is consistent with the structure of the original scale, explaining a cumulative variance contribution rate of 62.551%. Confirmatory analysis revealed a satisfactory model fit, with average variance extracted (AVE) values for the three dimensions ranging from 0.523 to 0.645, and composite reliability(CR) ranging from 0.905 to 0.938. The standard loading coefficients for the items ranged from 0.608 to 0.859, and inter-factor correlation coefficients were all smaller than the square roots of their respective AVE values. Pearson correlation analysis indicated significant positive relationships between the Chinese NPSS and SQ ( r=0.822-0.846, P<0.01). Reliability analysis showed Cronbach′s alpha coefficients of 0.903-0.959 for the total scale and subscales. After a 3-week interval, test-retest reliability (70 patients) ranged from 0.874 to 0.983, and split-half reliability was 0.869-0.969. All model fit indices met established criteria. Conclusions:The Chinese version of the NPSS demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it suitable for both research and clinical applications in assessing psychological security among individuals with schizophrenia and mood disorders.

Objective:To investigate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of fluoride in drinking water in rural areas of Shaanxi Province.Methods:From April 2019 to September 2023, rural drinking water monitoring sites were set up in all 108 agriculture-related counties (cities and districts) in Shaanxi Province. The ex-factory water and tap water were collected annually in dry season and wet season for water fluoride determination and water fluoride exceeding standard evaluation, and the exceedance rates of water fluoride were compared according to different years, regions, water period types, water sample types, water source types, and water treatment methods.Results:A total of 31 221 water samples were collected in Shaanxi Province from 2019 to 2023, and the median water fluoride was 0.370 mg/L, ranging from 0.001 to 6.220 mg/L. The exceedance rates of water fluoride in each year were 5.93% (370/6 236), 3.21% (200/6 232), 3.05% (191/6 260), 3.64% (228/6 256), and 2.36% (147/6 237), respectively. The differences between different years were statistically significant (χ 2 = 132.31, P < 0.001). The exceedance rates of water fluoride in Guanzhong, Northern Shaanxi, and Southern Shaanxi were 5.10% (563/11 044), 5.93% (376/6 339), and 1.42% (197/13 838), respectively, with statistically significant differences between different regions (χ 2 = 355.76, P < 0.001). The exceedance rates of water fluoride during the dry season and wet season were 3.68% (574/15 615) and 3.60% (562/15 606), respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two water periods (χ 2 = 0.12, P = 0.724). The fluoride exceedance rates of ex-factory water and tap water were 3.15% (442/14 024) and 4.04% (694/17 197), respectively. The fluoride exceedance rate of tap water was higher than that of ex-factory water, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 17.21, P < 0.001). The fluoride exceedance rates of surface water and groundwater were 0.37% (39/10 588) and 5.32% (1 097/20 633), respectively. The fluoride exceedance rate of groundwater was higher than that of surface water, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 488.68, P < 0.001). The fluoride exceedance rates of conventional treatment, sedimentation and filtration, disinfection only, and untreated water samples were 1.21% (111/9 174), 2.82% (130/4 604), 3.56% (309/8 686), and 6.69% (586/8 757), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between different water treatment methods (χ 2 = 396.04, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The fluoride exceedance rate of drinking water in rural areas of Shaanxi Province has decreased from 2019 to 2023, and the exceedance water samples are mainly concentrated in Northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong regions. There are differences in the fluoride exceedance rate of water samples in different years, regions, water sample types, water source types, and water treatment methods.

Objective:To investigate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of fluoride in drinking water in rural areas of Shaanxi Province.Methods:From April 2019 to September 2023, rural drinking water monitoring sites were set up in all 108 agriculture-related counties (cities and districts) in Shaanxi Province. The ex-factory water and tap water were collected annually in dry season and wet season for water fluoride determination and water fluoride exceeding standard evaluation, and the exceedance rates of water fluoride were compared according to different years, regions, water period types, water sample types, water source types, and water treatment methods.Results:A total of 31 221 water samples were collected in Shaanxi Province from 2019 to 2023, and the median water fluoride was 0.370 mg/L, ranging from 0.001 to 6.220 mg/L. The exceedance rates of water fluoride in each year were 5.93% (370/6 236), 3.21% (200/6 232), 3.05% (191/6 260), 3.64% (228/6 256), and 2.36% (147/6 237), respectively. The differences between different years were statistically significant (χ 2 = 132.31, P < 0.001). The exceedance rates of water fluoride in Guanzhong, Northern Shaanxi, and Southern Shaanxi were 5.10% (563/11 044), 5.93% (376/6 339), and 1.42% (197/13 838), respectively, with statistically significant differences between different regions (χ 2 = 355.76, P < 0.001). The exceedance rates of water fluoride during the dry season and wet season were 3.68% (574/15 615) and 3.60% (562/15 606), respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two water periods (χ 2 = 0.12, P = 0.724). The fluoride exceedance rates of ex-factory water and tap water were 3.15% (442/14 024) and 4.04% (694/17 197), respectively. The fluoride exceedance rate of tap water was higher than that of ex-factory water, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 17.21, P < 0.001). The fluoride exceedance rates of surface water and groundwater were 0.37% (39/10 588) and 5.32% (1 097/20 633), respectively. The fluoride exceedance rate of groundwater was higher than that of surface water, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 488.68, P < 0.001). The fluoride exceedance rates of conventional treatment, sedimentation and filtration, disinfection only, and untreated water samples were 1.21% (111/9 174), 2.82% (130/4 604), 3.56% (309/8 686), and 6.69% (586/8 757), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between different water treatment methods (χ 2 = 396.04, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The fluoride exceedance rate of drinking water in rural areas of Shaanxi Province has decreased from 2019 to 2023, and the exceedance water samples are mainly concentrated in Northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong regions. There are differences in the fluoride exceedance rate of water samples in different years, regions, water sample types, water source types, and water treatment methods.

Objective:The study aimed to validate the Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS) in terms of reliability and validity among individuals with mental disorders in China.Methods:The Study followed Brislin′s translation principles to adapt the scale into Chinese. From February to June 2023, a total of 638 hospitalized patients with mental disorders (477 with schizophrenia and 161 with mood disorders) were selected through gender-stratified simple random sampling from the Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center and the Shanghai Baoshan Mental Health Center. The Chinese version of the NPSS and the Security Questionnaire (SQ) were administered. The reliability of the scale was measured using split-half reliability and test-retest reliability. Validity was assessed through content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminative validity analyses. In addition, SQ was used as a criterion tool to test the validity of the criterion through Pearson correlation analysis.Results:The Chinese version of the NPSS contained 29 items, with total scores ranging from 29 to 145. Higher total scores indicated greater psychological safety. Item analysis showed a decider value of 10.58 to 20.80 (>3), and the correlation between items and total scores ranged from 0.579 to 0.749 (all P<0.05). The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) for the items ranged from 0.86 to 1.00, while the average scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.99. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors: social participation, empathy, and bodily sensations, which is consistent with the structure of the original scale, explaining a cumulative variance contribution rate of 62.551%. Confirmatory analysis revealed a satisfactory model fit, with average variance extracted (AVE) values for the three dimensions ranging from 0.523 to 0.645, and composite reliability(CR) ranging from 0.905 to 0.938. The standard loading coefficients for the items ranged from 0.608 to 0.859, and inter-factor correlation coefficients were all smaller than the square roots of their respective AVE values. Pearson correlation analysis indicated significant positive relationships between the Chinese NPSS and SQ ( r=0.822-0.846, P<0.01). Reliability analysis showed Cronbach′s alpha coefficients of 0.903-0.959 for the total scale and subscales. After a 3-week interval, test-retest reliability (70 patients) ranged from 0.874 to 0.983, and split-half reliability was 0.869-0.969. All model fit indices met established criteria. Conclusions:The Chinese version of the NPSS demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it suitable for both research and clinical applications in assessing psychological security among individuals with schizophrenia and mood disorders.

Objective To assess the health risks of fluoride in drinking water in rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas in Shaanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating measures to prevent fluoride and improve water quality. Methods The drinking water of rural schools in Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi Province was monitored from 2017 to 2020. The fluoride concentration was evaluated in accordance with the ^“Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water^” (GB5749-2006). The health risk assessment method recommended by USEPA was used to assess the health risk of rural students exposed to fluoride through drinking water in the two regions. Results A total of 2 826 water samples were monitored from 2017 to 2020. The overall compliance rate of fluoride in water quality was 92.29%, with an average concentration of 0.500 mg/L. The non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in drinking water in rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas was <1. There was no statistically significant difference in non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in water quality between different regions of the same age group (P > 0.05). In the same age group, the non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in groundwater was higher than that in surface water (P < 0.05). The order of non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in drinking water with different water treatment methods from high to low was disinfection only > sedimentation filtration > conventional treatment > untreated (P < 0.05). Conclusion The non-carcinogenic risk of oral intake of fluoride in drinking water from rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas in Shaanxi Province is still at an acceptable level. In the future, it is necessary to continue to promote comprehensive prevention and treatment measures focusing on water improvement and fluoride reduction.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and analyze its influencing factors among women at ages of 50 to 59 years in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into the prevention of PMOP among menopausal women. Methods: Bai Ethnic menopausal women at ages of 50 to 59 years who received healthy examination at the Center of Healthy Examination, Dali Prefecture People's Hospital from June 2017 to May 2021 were selected as the study subjects, and subjects' demographic characteristics, living habits, history of diseases, family history of osteoporosis and history of parturition were collected using self-designed questionnaires. The height, body weight and bone density were measured, and fasting blood glucose, vitamin D3, blood lipids and liver functions were detected. The factors affecting the development of PMOP were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 2 000 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 584 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 79.20%. The respondents had a mean age of ( 56.22±2.61 ) years, and mean body mass index ( BMI ) of ( 24.62±2.35 ) kg/m2. There were 497 respondents ( 31.38% ) with a family history of osteoporosis, and the prevalence of PMOP was 20.64%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age ( OR=1.135, 95%CI: 1.074-1.196 ), age of menarche ( OR=1.138, 95%CI: 1.059-1.217 ), duration of menopause (OR=1.425, 95%CI: 1.228-1.622), number of parturition ( >2, OR=5.036, 95%CI: 2.972-7.101 ), smoking ( OR=2.594, 95%CI: 1.767- 3.421 ), alcohol consumption ( OR=2.051, 95%CI: 1.503-2.598 ), family history of osteoporosis ( OR=2.540, 95%CI: 1.769-3.311 ), hypertension ( OR=1.492, 95%CI: 1.406-1.578 ), diabetes ( OR=1.774, 95%CI: 1.581-1.967 ), total cholesterol ( OR=1.483, 95%CI: 1.251-1.716 ), triacylglycerol ( OR=1.801, 95%CI: 1.576-2.026 ), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( OR=1.614, 95%CI: 1.498-1.731 ), fasting blood glucose ( OR=1.192, 95%CI: 1.077-1.307 ), BMI ( OR=0.934, 95%CI: 0.862-0.993 ), outdoor activity ( ≥1 time/week, OR: 0.413-0.549, 95%CI: 0.329-0.637 ), age of menopause ( OR=0.909, 95%CI: 0.841-0.977 ), daily intake of calcium ( ≥600 mg, OR: 0.493-0.644, 95%CI: 0.389-0.786 ), vitamin D3 level ( ≥20 ng/mL, OR: 0.604-0.719, 95%CI: 0.523-0.853 ) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( OR=0.658, 95%CI: 0.550-0.767 ) as factors affecting the development of PMOP. Conclusions The prevalence of PMOP in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture is similar to the nationwide level in China, and old age, smoking, alcohol consumption, a family history of osteoporosis and high blood lipid levels may increase the risk of PMOP.

Environmental monitoring technologies competition can effectively improve the comprehensive quality and technical skills of technical personnel by means of professional theory exams and on-site practical assessment. In view of the undertaking work of the Second National Competition of Professional and Technical Personnel in Ecology and Environment Monitoring (special competition for radiation monitoring), this paper summarized the experience and gains in the aspects of preliminary preparation, field implementation, achievement generation, etc., analyzed the problems in national radiation environmental monitoring through the achievements of the special competition for radiation monitoring, and put forward recommendations for the next step, in order to provide reference for undertaking similar major events in the future and provide ideas and directions for national radiation environmental monitoring.

Objective:To study the clinical features and prognostic risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and improve clinicians' understanding of GI involvement in SLE.Methods:The clinical data of SLE patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from September 1, 2012 to September 1, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Two hundred and forty-three patients with GI system involvement were the GI system affected group, and 486 patients with-out GI system involvement at the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The clinical mani-festations, laboratory tests and treatment effects of the two groups were compared by t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and χ2 test and Logistic regression was used to analyze the prognostic risk of SLE with GI system involvement. Results:① There were 243 SLE patients with GI involvement, with the proportion of GI involvement in SLE patients of 6.4%(243/3 820), and as the first manifestation with GI system symptoms accounted for 20.2%(49/243). The common causes were lupus hepatitis accounted for 52.3%(127/243), lupus mesenteric vasculitis (LMV) for 35.0%(85/243), pseudo Intestinal obstruction (IPO) for 9.9%(24/243), lupus-related pancreatitis for 8.6%(21/243), and protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) as 7.0%(17/243). ② Compared with the control group, the group with GI involvement had a lower average age [(38±14) year vs(32±15) year, t=-2.47, P=0.014], a shorter median duration of illness [12.0(3.0, 72.0) months vs 5.0(1.1, 24.8) months, Z=-5.67 , P<0.001], a higher median systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score [10(6,28) vs 16(9, 37), Z=2.24 , P<0.001], the occurrence of skin rash (38.7% vs 53.5%, χ2=14.46), arthritis (36.4% vs 46.7%, χ2=7.12 , P=0.008), myositis (43.0% vs 56.4%, χ2=11.53 , P=0.001), pericarditis [(216±111)×10 9/L vs (175±114)×10 9/L, t=-4.69 , P<0.001], thrombocytopenia, and hydroureterosis (1.0% vs 12.8%, χ2=47.47 , P<0.001) were high, but the incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (31.2% vs 10.7%, χ2=36.99 , P<0.001) was low; Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [17(10, 29) U/L vs 59(16, 127) U/L, Z=9.65 , P<0.001], aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [25.0 (18.0, 37.0) U/L vs 82.5(25.0, 289.0) U/L, Z=10.57 , P<0.001], alkaline phosphatase (ALP) [58(46, 76) U/L vs 82(56, 187)U/L, Z=8.42 , P<0.001], Creatine kinase (CK) [44.0(28.0, 83.0) U/L vs 58.5(34.0, 176.0) U/L, Z=4.46 , P<0.001], lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [(309±206) U/L vs (443±332) U/L, t=5.64 , P<0.001], fasting blood glucose (FBS) [(5.0±1.5) mmol/L vs (5.3±1.7) mmol/L, t=2.16 , P=0.031], triglyceride (TG) [(2.0±1.3) mmol/L vs (2.7±2.2) mmol/L, t=4.55 , P<0.001] increased, albumin (ALB) [(30±7) g/L vs (27±7) g/L, t=5.87 , P<0.001)] and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [(1.1±0.8) mmol/L vs (0.9±0.5) mmol/L, t=-4.20 , P<0.001] decrease, and anti SSB antibody positive rate (16.0% vs 9.5%, χ2=5.60 , P=0.018) decreased.③ After 3 months' follow-up, 203 patients with SLE GI involvement were relieved, 30 patients (12.3%) died, and 9 patients (1.8%) died in the control group. Ninety-five (46.8%) patients in the remission group had a significantly higher rate of cyclophosphamide treatment when compared with 5(12.5%) in the non-remission group ( χ2=16.23, P<0.001) . Logistic regression analysis showed that no increase of PAH, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ALT, glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), indirect bilirubin (IBIL) and high SLEDAI scores, hydroureteral dilatation, decreased ALB and HDL were independent related factors for SLE GI involvement, while ascites and elevated FBS were SLE GI involvement factors of poor prognosis. Conclusion:SLE patients with GI involvement have a high mortality rate, and lupus hepatitis and LMV are common. Hydroureterosis, high SLEDAI score, abnormal liver function are risk factors for GI involvement. Jaundice and elevated FBS are the risk factors for poor prognosis, and treatment with cyclophosphamide is the protective factor.

Objective:To explore the application effect of quantitative evaluation nursing in Operating Room in patients undergoing radical resection of rectal cancer.Methods:A total of 114 patients who received radical resection of rectal cancer in Xi'an Daxing Hospital from December 2019 to December 2021 were selected by the convenient sampling method. According to the order of admission, they were divided into the observation group and the conventional group, with 57 cases in each group. The observation group received quantitative evaluation nursing in the Operating Room, while the conventional group received routine Operating Room nursing. The differences in physiological indexes and mood state scores were compared between the two groups.Results:The postoperative diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the observation group were lower than those in the conventional group ( P<0.05). The scores of depression-frustration, tension-anxiety, fatigue-dullness, anger-hostility and confusion-chaos dimensions of postoperative mood state in the observation group were lower than those in the conventional group, and the energy-vitality score was higher than that in the conventional group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Quantitative evaluation nursing in the Operating Room can reduce the psychosomatic stress response in patients undergoing radical resection of rectal cancer.